仁爱版英语八年级上册第一单元知识点小结

Unit1Areyougoingtoplaybasketball?本课重点的语法：{一般将来时态}▼begoingto 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示近期、眼下就要发生的事情。表示准备，打算做某事用法：begoingto+V原形例句：Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Iamgoingtoplaybasketball.重点短语：(1)seesbdosth看见某人做了某事（强调看见动作的全过程）seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事（强调看见动作正在进行的一部分）例句IoftenseeTomplaybasketballontheplayground.我经常看见汤姆在操场上打篮球IsawTomplayingbasketballontheplaygroundyesterday.我昨天看见汤姆正在操场上打篮球。类似的词还有：hear，watch，(2)almost副词adv.意为“几乎，差不多”用法：放在be动词前，动词之后。例句：Supperismostready.晚饭就要好了。Imostfelloffmybike.我几乎从自行车上摔下来。(3)cheersb.on为某人喝彩例句：Icheerhimon.我为他喝彩。(4)against介词pre.对着，反对playagainst与……抗衡/较量例句：Weareagainstthewar.我们反对战争。Weplayagainsttheredteam.我们与红队较量。(5)prefer较喜欢，更喜欢；用法：prefer+Ving/名词/代词例句：Ipreferplayingbasketball.我更喜欢打篮球。Ipreferthewhitedog.我更喜欢这只白狗。Ipreferit.我更喜欢它。词组：prefer……to……喜欢……不喜欢……例句：HisbrotherprefersEnglishtomath.他的哥哥喜欢英语而不喜欢数学。Ipreferplaybasketballtoplayfootball.(注意此时是用原形)(6)both……and……两个都；即……又……(后面的谓语动词用复数形式)例句：BothYaomingandYijianlianplaybasketballintheNBA.（对）BothYaomingandYijianlianplaysbasketballintheNBA.(错)(7)dreamof/about梦见◆注意of/about是介词，后面的动词要加ing例句：LastnightIdreamedofflyinginthesky.(8)giveup+Ving/名词/代词意为“放弃”例句：Hegivesupsmoking.Idon’tgiveupEnglish.Don’tgiveitup.◆注意代词放中间(9)感叹句What+a+感情色彩的名词！例句：Whatapity!=Whatashame!多有趣啊！(10)takepartin参加，加入join参加，加入◆takepartin指加入比赛或者活动join一般指加入……组织例句：Shetookpartinrunning.她参加跑步运动。Hejoinedthearmyin1995.他在1995年参军。(11)spend+时间onsth/(in)doingsth花费时间在某事上/花费时间在做某事上例句：Hespentonehouronthebook.Hespenttwohours(in)doinghishomework.(12)exercise作：动词，名词(不可数)，锻炼例句：Shedosemorningexerciseeveryday.(作名词)Sheexerciseseveryday.（作动词）(13)begoodat+doingsth/名词=dowellin擅长做某事例句：IamgoodatEnglish.Heisgoodatplayingbaskerball.(14)begoodfor对……有益，有好处bebadfor对……有害，不好例句：Exerciseisgoodforyourhealth.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.同类的词组还有：begoodtosb对某人好bebadtosb对某人不好例句：TheEnglishteacherisgoodtous.(15)keepfit=keephealthy保持健康health（健康，名词）healthy（健康的，形容词）healthily（健康地，副词）(16)relax放松词组：relaxoneself使自己放松例句：Stopandrelaxyourself.(17)arrivein+大地方(北京，上海，厦门，美国……)arriveat+小地方（village小村庄……）getto+地点到达某地reach+地点到达某地◆上述词后跟home,here,there,back时，都不用介词。后面无地点时用arrive。(18)excited激动的，兴奋的，用来修饰人exciting令人激动的，使人兴奋的，用来修饰物区别：Weareexcitedtohearthegoodnews.听到这个好消息我们很兴奋。Itisanexcitingstory.这是个令人兴奋的故事。类似的词还有：interested和interestingbored和boringtired和tiring(19)leaveforsp.动身前往某地leaveforShanghai动身前往上海leavesp.for.sp离开某地去某地leaveBeijingforShanghai离开北京去上海(20)for+一段的时间Stayfortwoweeks.(两星期是一段的时间)(21)allovertheworld全世界(22)hopetodosth（希望做什么）hope+句子（希望的事情，实现的可能性大）wishsbsth（希望某人某事）wishsbtodosth（希望某人干什么）wish+句子（希望的事情，实现的可能性小表虚拟语气）Ihopetobecome/beateacher.Ihopehewillbecomeateacher.Iwishyougoodluck.Iwishhimtobecome/beateacher.IwishIwereabird.单项选择1.Sheprefers______basketball.A.playB.toplayingC.playing  D.plays2.—______doyouplaysports?—Onceaweek.A.Howlong  B.HowoftenC.Howmany D.Howmuch3.______makesyourbodystrong.A.RuningB.RunningC.Torun  D.Runner4.______moresportsandyoucan______nextyear.A.Do,behealthB.Doing,healthC.Do,behealthyD.Doing,healthy5.Theyare_______Beijingtomorrow.A.leaveforB.willleaveforC.leavingforD.goingtoleavingfor6.Hewillbeback______fourdays.A.after   B.inC.from    D.to7.Lily＿thelongjump,andshejumpedveryfar.A.joinB.joinedC.takespartinD.tookpartin8.Cyclingcanmakeyourbody＿.A.strongB.stronglyC.bestrongD.tobestrong9.Hewill__Beijingtomorrowmorning,ifthetrainisn’tlate.A.reachedB.getC.arriveatD.arrivein10.Iamgoodat____basketball.A.toplayB.playC.playingD.toplaying11.Ann________mountainstomorrowmorning.A.isclimbingB.climbC.isgoingtoclimbD.climbs12.IsawTomoften_____withhisfatherduringthesummer.A.swimsB.swamC.swimD.swimming13.Runningisagoodway________fit.A.keepsB.tokeepC.keepingD.kept14.Heprefers_____ontheweekend.A.goshoppingB.goingshopC.goingshoppingD.togoshopping15.______myfather_______motherarewokers.A.All;ofB.Both;andC.Either;ofD.Neither;norTopic2Wouldyoumindpassingmesomewater本课重点语法：1.Wouldyouminddoing……？你介意……吗？请你……好吗？其否定形式为：Wouldyoumindnotdoing……？2.Wouldyoumindif+从句？如果……你介意吗？回答时可以用：用yes或者no回答例如：No,notatall./Certainlynot./Ofcoursenot.不介意，当然可以。Iamsorry,but……对不起，但是……Yes,you’dbetternot.是的，你最好不要。例句：Wouldyoumindopeningwindows？你介意打开窗户吗？Wouldyoumindmyopeningwindows?你介意我打开窗户吗？WouldyoumindifIopenwindows?如果我打开窗户，你介意吗？3.Couldyouplease+V原型？=Wouldyouplease+V原型？请你……好吗？例句：Couldyoupleasegivemesomewater?请你给我些水好吗？—Sure./Ofcourse.好啊，当然可以。重点短语：(1)dosb.afavor=helpsb.=givesb.ahand帮助某人(2)oneof……意为“……中的一个”后面接可数名词的复数，但谓语动词用单数。例句：Oneofthegirlsismysister.这些女孩中的其中一个是我的妹妹.(3)fallill生病(4)begladtodosth.乐意做某事例句：Iamgladtohelpyou.我很乐意帮助你。(5)practice练习用法：practicesth/doingsth/代词例句：YoucanpracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.(6)belate迟到例句：Iamlate.He/Sheislate./Youarelate.belatefor做……迟到例句：Iamlateforschool.我上学迟到了。(7)manage管理，经营，处理用法:managesb./sth.例句：Shemanagesthehotelwell.她把旅馆管理得井井有条。Managetodosth.设法做成某事例句：Shemanagestoclimbthemountain.她设法爬上这座山。(8)need①v.需要②情态动词时，无人称和数的变化，意为“必须”后面跟V原型用法：needtodosth.需要做某事needsth.需要某物例句：Heneedssomehelp.他需要一些的帮助。（做动词）注意不要弄混淆Heneedfinishthehomework.他必须要完成家庭作业。（做情态动词）(9)doone’sbesttodosth.=tryone’sbesttodosth.努力去做某事例句：Iwilldo/trymybesttostudyEnglish.(10)believesb.相信某人（所说的话）believeinsb.信任某人例句：Ibelievehim,butIcannotbelieveinhim.我相信他的话，但是我不信任他。(11)keepdoingsth.坚持做某事keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事keepondoingsth.继续干某事(12)beangrywithsb.生某人的气例句：Don’tbeangrywithothers.不要总是对别人生气。(13)withthehelpofsb.=withone’shelp在某人的帮助下例句：Withthehelpoftheteacher,hedidbetter.=Withteacher’shelp,hedidbetter.(14)besure(that)+从句意为：确信besuretodosth.确信要做某事besureaboutsth.对某事确信例句：Iamsurethatyoucandowellinthemiddleexam.Iamsuretofinishthetask.Iamnotsureabouttheanswer.(15)turndown把……调小turnup把……调大turnon/off打开/关闭(16)hearsb.dosth听见某人做某事hearsb.doingsth听见某人正在做某事(17)beimportanttosb.对某人是重要的(18)busyadj.忙碌的用法：bebusywithsth.bebusydoingsth.(19)enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事例句：Hejoinsreadingverymuch.他非常喜欢读书。(20)haveahistoryof+时间段表示有多长的历史例句：Chinahasahistoryofmorethan5000years.(21)a15-year-oldgirl一个15岁的女孩（注意year没有加S）(22)系动词有get,turn,make,sound,这些系动词的后面跟形容词gettired/hungry感到疲劳/变饿turngreen变绿makestrong变的强壮soundinteresting听起来很有趣(23)insteadof代替……例句：Let’sstayathomewatchingTVinsteadofgoingtothemovie.(24)havefun=enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得高兴，玩得愉快havegreatfundoingsth.非常快乐的做某事相关联系，单项选择1.WouldyoumindifIshut(关)thedoor?A．Yes,please.B.Ok.DoasyoulikeC.That’sallright.D.Ofcoursenot.Doplease.2.Doyoumind____upthemusic?A.toturnB.turningC.turnDtoturning3.LearningEnglishwellisimportant___you.A.forB.toC.ofD.with4.Wouldyoumindif_________mybikehere?A.IputB.IputtingC.meputD.myputting5.YourMP4isnice.Wheredidyoubuy____?Iwanttobuy________.Aone,oneBit,itCit,oneD.one,it6.Annisonly_______________girl,butshecanspeakEnglishwell.A．8—years---oldB.a8—yearsoldC．an8—year---oldD.8yearsold7.LiPingdidnotgoshopping.Hewentskating_________.A.ofinsteadBinsteadofCinsteadDtaketheplace8.Doyoumind__________thewindow?A.IcloseB.IclosingC.mecloseD.myclosing9.Iwanttobeabasketballplayer.SoIenjoy______basketballeveryday.A.practicetoplayB.playtheC.practicingplayingDplayingthe10.Couldyouplease____mearound?------Sure.A.tofollowB.followC.followingDfollowed11.______thehelpofmother,Icancook(煮饭).AUnderBUsingC.WithD.ByTopic3Whichsportwillyoutakepartin?1．Iamreadyforthelongjump．我为跳远做好了准备。    bereadyfor+活动，表示“为……准备好了”。如：    Wearereadyforthenextexam.我们为下次的考试做好了准备。    【拓展】（1）bereadyforsth.表示“为……准备好”。如：    I'djustbeenreadyforteawhentheycalled．他们打电话时，我刚刚把茶准备好。    （2）bereadytodosth.表示“准备好做某事”。如：    Wewereallreadytospendtheholiday.我们都为度假做好准备了。    2．It'smyfirsttimetotakepartinthehighjump．这是我第一次参加跳高比赛。    It'sone'sfirsttimetodosth.=It'sthefirsttimeforsb.todosth.表示“某人第一次做某事”。如： It'sMary'sfirsttimetoseethecutepandas．=It'sthefirsttimeforMarytoseethecutepandas．这是玛丽第一次看到可爱的大熊猫。    3.MaybeMichaelwillmakemanyfriendsduringthesportsmeet.也许迈克尔在运动会期间会交许多朋友。    （1）makefriendswithsb.与某人交朋友。如：    Wouldyouliketomakefriendswithme?你愿意和我交朋友吗?    （2）maybe adv．也许，可能，大概。如：    maybe与maybe    maybeadv.，意为“可能，也许，大概”，在句中作状语，通常置于句首，也可放在动词之前。    maybe分开来写则是“情态动词+动词原形”的形式，意为“可能是，也许是”。其中be还可换成其他的动词原形出现于情态动词may后。试比较：    Maybeheiseighteen.=Hemaybeeighteen．他可能十八岁了。    Maybethebookisinthedesk.=Thebookmaybeinthedesk．那本书可能在书桌里。    Maybeyouhaveagoodchance.=Youmayhaveagoodchance.或许你有一个好机会。    4．Whenshallwemeet?我们什么时候见面?    （1）shall同I和we连用，表示“将来，将要，将会”，后接动词原形。如：    AtthistimenextweekIshallbeinScotland.下周这个时候我就在苏格兰了。    （2）否定shallnot=shan't，过去式should。如：    Weshan'tgothere.我们不去那儿。    IsaidthatIshouldbepleasedtohelp.我说过我乐意帮忙。    （3）在疑问句中和I／we连用，表示提出或征求意见。如：    ShallIsendyouthebook?我把书给你寄去，好不好?    Whatshallwedothisweekend?这个周末我们要做什么呢?    5．Congratulations!祝贺你! congratulationn．祝贺、恭贺、贺词    用于向某人表示祝贺，复数为congratulations。如：    —wearegettingmarried!我们要结婚了!    —Congratulations!祝贺你们!    Congratulationsonyourexamresults!祝贺你取得好的成绩!    【拓展】congratulatev.祝贺，道贺    congratulatesb.(onsth.)向某人道贺如：    Icongratulatedthemontheirresults.我为他们取得的成绩向他们表示祝贺。    6．I'msoexcited．我太兴奋了。    Therewillbeanotherexcitingrelayracethisafternoon.今天下午还有一场令人激动的接力赛。    （1）excitedadj.，意为“激动的，对……感到兴奋”，主语通常是人。如：    Thechildrenwereexcitedaboutopeningtheirpresents.孩子们对打开礼物感到兴奋不已。    （2）excitingadj.，意为“令人兴奋的”，主语通常是物，类似的词还有：interested和interesting，tired和tiring等。如：    Theywaitedandwaitedforsomethingexcitingtohappen.他们等啊等啊，等待着激动人心的事情发生。    Itisanexcitingmatch.这是一场令人激动的比赛。    7．Thisencouragesmealot．这次对我的鼓励很大。    encouragev.鼓励。    常用词组encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事。如：    OurEnglishteacheroftenencouragesustostudywell.    我们的英语老师常常鼓励我们好好学习。    8．ThePeople'sRepublicofChinatookpartintheOlympicsforthefirsttimein1952．    中华人民共和国第一次参加奥林匹克运动会是在1952年。    （1）thePeople'sRepublicofChina.中华人民共和国。缩略形式为PRC。    （2）forthefirsttime第一次。    类似的短语有：forthesecondtime第二次；forthelasttime最后一次。如：    In1984，shelookpartintheOlympicsforthesecondtime．    1984年，她第二次参加奥运会。    In2012，hewilltakepartintheOlympicsforthelasttime．    2012年他将最后一次参加奥运会。    9．XuHaifengwonthefirstgoldmedalforChinainthel984LosAngelesOlympics.    许海峰在1984年洛杉矶奥运会上为中国夺得第一枚金牌。    winv.获胜，赢；n.winner获胜者，过去式won，现在分词winning。如：    Theyarethewinners.他们是冠军。    win表示“赢得”，其宾语通常是war,game,battle,match,fame等。win可作及物动词或不及物动词。如：    Theywonthematch．他们赢了这场比赛。    Hecouldn'twinwithoutyourhelp.没有你的帮助他赢不了。    10．Itsmottois“Faster，higher，stronger．”它的宗旨是“更快，更高，更强。”    motton.箴言，格言，座右铭。作可数名词，复数形式既可以为mottos，也可以是mottoes。如：     “It'snevertoooldtolearn”ismymotto．“活到老学到老”是我的座右铭。    11.TheOlympicringsareasymboloftheOlympicGames．奥运五环是奥林匹克运动会的一种标志。    asymbolofsth． ……的象征。如：    Whiteisalwaysasymbolofpurityinwestemcultures.在西方文化中，白色象征纯洁。    12．Therearefiverings，andtheystandforthefivepartsofthewind．    它有五个环，代表着世界上的五大洲。    standfor意为“代表”。如：    HKstandsforHongKong.HK代表香港。    【拓展】standfor容忍，忍受。如：    I'mnotstandingforthewayhespeaks．我再也不能忍受他讲话的方式了。    13．Youcaneasilyfindatleastoneofthesecolorsintheflagofeverycountry.你能很容易地在每个国家的国旗上，至少找到这些颜色中的一种。    atleast至少；最少。如：    Theredcarwillcostatleast200,000yuan．那辆红色的小汽车至少要值200000元。    【拓展】其反义词组为：at(the)most，意为“至多；不超过”。如：    Thereareatmost5,000peopleinthistown．这个小镇最多有5000人。    14．Weshouldimproveourenvironment．我们应该改善我们的环境。    improve提高，改善。相当于tomakesth.better。如：    CanyouhelpmeimprovemyEnglish?你能帮我提高英语水平吗? ( )1．Mymother____adinnerformybirthdaynextweek.   A.host   B．hosted   C．hosting   D．willhost    ( )2．WehadasportsmeetinglastSunday．Itookpartinthe___race．   A．boy's800-meter   B．boy's800meter   Cboys'800-meter   D．boys'800meter    ( )3．Ourschoolsportsmeetingcomes___．   A．everytwoyears   B．everytwoyear   C.everyother   D.twoyear    ( )4．Wewillhaveabasketballmatchtomorrow；willyoucometo____uson?A．laugh   B．cheer   C.shoutD.jump    ( )5．—Couldyoucomeoverandhelpme?   —Certainly____．   A．Don'twant.      B．It'smyfun．   C．I'mcomingnow． D．Hereyouare.    ( )6．UncleJohnis____forLondonnextweek.   A.leave   B.leaving   C．toleaving   D.leaves    ( )7．BecauseIhavea____sister，mymothermuststayathomeandlookafterher.    A.2-years-old  B.2-yearsold   C.2-year-old   D.2yearsold    ( )8．Lookattheboy!_____nameisTom,LiLei's_____friend.    A.My;foreign  B.Your;foreign   C.His;foreign   D.Her;foreign    ( )9．We'll____asportsmeetingnextFriday.    A.give B.host  C.carry  D.join    ( )10．Thankyouverymuch____theflowers.    A.togiveme  B.forgiveme  C.forgivingme  D.giveme    ( )11．LiHuanvisitedtheGreatWall_____thefirsttimeyesterday.    A.at  B.to  C.for  D.in    ( )12．—Whenshallwemeet,Susan?    —Let's____itsixo'clock.    A.have  B.get  C.do   D.make    ( )13．He____likesplayingthepianobecauseheoftenreadsbooksaboutit.    A.maybe  B.may  C.must   D.maybe    ( )14．Theflowers“roses”_____love,soeveryonelikesthemverymuch.    A.standsfor  B.standswith  C.standfor  D.standwith    ( )15．Youmustdosportsandkeep_____.    A.health  B.healthy  C.healthing  D.healthily1—5DCABC 6—10BCCBC 11—15CDDCB