Grammarandusage (2)

Look!HereisamapfromwhichwecanknowmoreaboutChina.—Whatisthis?—Itisawonderfulsceneryfromwhichwecanknowmuchaboutthemountains.—Lookatthem.Theylovestheirkidsomuch.—ButIdon’tliketheway(inwhich/that/-)theytreattheirkid.关系代词作介词宾语，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1.Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?2.Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?3.Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.介词的选用 原则 组织架构调整原则组织架构设计原则组织架构设置原则财政预算编制原则问卷调查设计原则 1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。如：①ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8yuan.②ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8yuan.spendmoneyonsth.为固定搭配paymoneyforsth.为固定搭配2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：①IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.②IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.③IrememberthemonthinwhichIstayedthere.强调在具体某一天要用介词on强调在某几天时间内要用介词during在month前介词要用in3)根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?4)根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’mnotsure？含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。①Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.正误②Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.正误以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich/--)youlaughather.“介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：①Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.②Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhich(=ofwhichsome)havegonebad.③Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom(=ofwhommost)arefrombigcities.④Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhich(=ofwhichthree)areaboutcountrylife.Exercises介词加关系代词引导的定语从句1.Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich2.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis　　　　　简析：题1:theplace在定语从句中作tobebuilt的地点状语，此处的atwhich相当于where;后面是 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语从句，表示建在某地。题2:表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造，故选C。3.Ihavemanyfriends,______somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom4.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection________shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhichWesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,____wegavesomebellsandglasses.A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich6.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_____Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which　题3、4、5、6考查考生对“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的掌握及其灵活运用情况。1. Doyoulikethebook_________shespent$10?2. Doyoulikethebook________shepaid$10?onwhichUseproperprepositionsandrelativepronounstofillintheblanks.forwhich3.Doyoulikethebook__________shelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebook___________sheoftentalks?5.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.fromwhichaboutwhichofwhich6.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.7.Thisisthebook_____Iamlookingfor.towhomwhichMatcheachsentencewithanending.Answers:1.___2.___3.____4.____5.___6.___7.____8.____cdbaehfgCompleteeachsentenceusinganattributiveclause.Answers:1.________________________________2.________________________________3.________________________________4.________________________________5.________________________________________________________________(which)IknowverylittleaboutinwhichIboughtmyfavoritedressaboutwhichItoldyouaboutlastweekFromwhomIgotthecupFromwhomwelearnhowtowritewithbrushesTheattributiveclauseintroducedbywhen,whereandwhy.—Look!Whatdayisittoday?Whyaretheygettingtogetheragain?—TodayisMarch,12thwhenpeoplegettogethertoplanttrees!----Whereisit?----Itisthebasketballcourt.Itisaplacewherewecanplaybasketballindoors.----ThatisMrs.Greenandshehasaskedforaleaveforhergivingabirthtoherkid.----Thatisthereasonwhyshedoesn’tcometoworkasusual.1.定语从句中关系副词有：when,where,why2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。when作时间状语；where作地点状语；why作原因状语。如：定语从句中关系副词的用法Herememberthedaywhenhisfatherdied.IwentbacktotheplacewhereIwasbornandgrewup.Pleasegivemethereasonwhyyouwerelatethistime.when作时间状语，意为onthedaywhere作地点状语，意为intheplacewhy作原因状语，意为forthereason3.并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when,where,why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。如：Weoftenthinkofthedayswhichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.which在定语从句中作宾语比较:Weoftenthinkofthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于onthedays。Webelievethereasonthathetoldus.比较:Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.4.关系副词when,where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。when相当于“at/in/during…+which”where相当于“in/at/on…+which”why相当于“for+which”如：Isthisthedaywhen/onwhichIvisitedthemuseum?Pleaseputtheletteronthedeskwhere/onwhichhecaneasilyfindit.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tcometothemeeting.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.句中when相当于onwhichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。如：ThisistheroomwhereLuXunoncelived.句中when相当于inwhichDetailedexplanationwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。如：why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。如：Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate?Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.思考是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?1.Thepainting(________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.2.Thebook(___________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.atwhichaboutwhich3.Thepen(__________)shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.4.Kunmingisabeautifulplace(_____________)flowersareseenalltheyearround.5.Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse(_____________)thegreatwriterusedtolive.withwhichwhere/inwhichwhere/inwhich6.Iwillneverforgottheday(_____________)Ifirstmetyouontheship.7.Thefilm(____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.结论：只有当“介词+关系代词”充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。onwhich/whenduringwhich注意：关系副词与关系代词在定语从句中的关系：“介词+关系代词”在从句中作状语相当于一个关系副词。如：王先生工作的那家工厂是一家鞋厂。这个句子有以下三种表达方式：Thefactorythat/whichMr.Wangworksinisashoeone.ThefactoryinwhichMr.Wangworksisashoeone.ThefactorywhereMr.Wangworksisashoeone.他将永远记住他入团的那天。Hewillforeverrememberthedaythat/whichhejoinedtheLeagueon.2.HewillforeverrememberthedayonwhichhejoinedtheLeague.3.HewillforeverrememberthedaywhenhejoinedtheLeague.1.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,____hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who即学即练2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when3.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where4.Isthisthereason____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained5.Therewas____time_____Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a,thatB.a,whenC.the,thatD.the,when6.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,_____manypeoplehavegothome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichFillintheblanksusingthewordsandphrasesonpage31.Answers:1.______________2._______________3.______________4._______________5.______________6._______________why/forwhichwhen/inwhichwhere/inwhichwhy/forwhichwhere/inwhichwhen/onwhich