考研英语 写作 石雷鹏

考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班1第一章、图画作文审题及概况.................................................................................................3第二章、写作基础.....................................................................................................................32.1遣词...................................................................................................................................32.2造句...................................................................................................................................4第三章真题范文（基于功能段落）.......................................................................................52001年爱心是一盏灯............................................................................................................52002年穿中国服装的美国女孩.............................................................................................72003年温室花朵经不起风雨.................................................................................................92004年终点又是起点...........................................................................................................112005年养老足球赛..............................................................................................................132006年偶像崇拜..................................................................................................................142007年球场自信..................................................................................................................162008年残疾人跑步..............................................................................................................172009年网络的近与远..........................................................................................................192010年文化火锅..................................................................................................................212011年旅程之“余”..............................................................................................................232012年乐观悲观..................................................................................................................242013年大学生毕业选择.......................................................................................................262014年相携..........................................................................................................................282015年手机时代的聚会.......................................................................................................29第四章应用文写作.................................................................................................................324.1应用文审题......................................................................................................................324.2应用文简易思路..............................................................................................................32（2005年英语一）辞职信+道歉信.......................................................................................32（2006年英语一）求助信+描述信.......................................................................................33（2007年英语一）建议信.....................................................................................................33（2008年英语一）道歉信+建议信.......................................................................................34（2009年英语一）关注信+建议信.......................................................................................35（2010年英语一）招募志愿者.............................................................................................35（2011年英语一）描述信+推荐信.......................................................................................36（2012年英语一）欢迎信+建议信.......................................................................................37（2013年英语一）邀请评委.................................................................................................37（2014年英语一）建议........................................................................................................38考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班2（2015年英语一）推荐信.....................................................................................................38（2010年英语二）感谢+邀请...............................................................................................39（2011年英语二）祝贺+建议...............................................................................................39（2012年英语二）投诉+ 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 ...............................................................................................40（2013年英语二）说明+邀请...............................................................................................40（2014年英语二）介绍+寻求建议.......................................................................................41（2015年英语二）介绍+建议...............................................................................................41第五章模拟作文.....................................................................................................................425.1应用文..............................................................................................................................425.1.1询问信（咨询买书：2009年大纲样题).........................................................................425.1.2通知.................................................................................................................................425.1.3邀请.................................................................................................................................435.1.4回绝.................................................................................................................................435.1.5求职信/求学信................................................................................................................445.1.6倡议勤俭节约信..............................................................................................................455.1.7请假条.............................................................................................................................455.2图画作文..........................................................................................................................465.2.1望子成龙（教育类）......................................................................................................465.2.2明星代言(媒体类)...........................................................................................................475.2.3富二代（社会类）..........................................................................................................495.2.4不健康的生活习惯..........................................................................................................505.2.5乘客素质.........................................................................................................................525.2.6过程与结果.....................................................................................................................535.2.7网络谣言.........................................................................................................................56考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班3第一章、图画作文审题及概况1.1概况52.Directions：Writeanessayof160---200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1）describethedrawingbriefly,2）explainit’sintendedmeaning,and3）giveyourcomments.YourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.（20points）旅程之“余”1.2审题关注三事项a.英文指令b.图画（照片/漫画）c.文字说明1.3类型总结话题三类：positive/negative/mixed提纲三条：图画描述、阐述寓意（现象+举例+意义+危害）、评论建议提纲对应三个功能段：（同上）第二章、写作基础2.1遣词（1）广度:tousevariouswordsa.同义/反义词b.同根词（词性转化）c.范畴词：上义词、考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班4下义词、相关词d．代词替换：this/such/those(重点：某类人：thosewho…/people+介词短语，eg:thoseinneed/thosewithsmiles/peoplewhoneedhelp)（2）深度：弃用第一反应词。many--ahostof/agreatmany---avarietyof---variousVery---rather/particularly/exceedinglyYoungpeople---youngsters/teenagersImportant---significant/essential/crucialMoreandmore---anincreasingnumberof+名词（可数复数）increasingly+adj/advIthink:Iamconvincedthat…/Tomyunderstanding,Itisnecessaryfor____to_____�Itisofgreatnecessityfor____to____2.2造句a.造句原则：1)2）b.造句基础：1）简单句：主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补2）并列句：and/or/while/but3）复合句：名词从句、定语从句、状语从句备注：三种基本句式变体为：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句等c.如何写正确？三个事项：1）词性；2）单复数；3）动词（时态、语态、语气）2.3写作翻译常用句式：1）被动2）名词从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句3）定语从句：写作步骤：1）先写出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分（中心名词）2）在中心名词后加入定从，关系词who,whose,whom,where,which,when4）含同位语句式：1）人—》身份；Eg.Iamconvincedthat…�Asacollegestudent,Iamconvincedthat2）物—》性质:Confidencebringsuspower…�Asavitalquality,confidencebringsus考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班55）it句式：形式主语1）itis+被动/形容词/名词+that从句/todo…形式宾语2）sbfind/noticeitdifficulttodo…6）therebe:7）强调句：1）强调谓语：Iloveyou.-�Idoloveyou./Ididloveyou.2)强调句式：Itis+被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分8）（半）倒装：1）表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首，主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序)；Eg.Iwillneveragree.�NeverwillIagree.2）Only+状语位于句首，主句半倒装Whenmybelovedisbesidemyself,Icanfeelthetruehappiness.�Onlywhenmybelovedisbesidemyself,canIfeelthetruehappiness.3)As/though倒装形式AlthoughZYKisagirl,sheiscalledbrotherZeng.�GirlasZYKis,sheiscalledbrotherZeng.4）平衡结构性倒装：如图表作文首句：Thisisachartwhichclearlyillustratesthestrikingcontrast/relationbetween_____and______.9）双重否定：用于强调:no____is/aremore_____than________.Theimportanceof_____cannotbetooemphasized.10）Ving状语：Iclimbedthestairs.Itookasuitcase.�Iclimbedthestairs,takingasuitcase.�Climbingthestairs,Itookasuitcase. 规则 编码规则下载淘宝规则下载天猫规则下载麻将竞赛规则pdf麻将竞赛规则pdf ：两个动作同时发生且主语一致，将次要动作写成v-ing或v-ed形式做状语。11）with结构：with+n/pron+adj/ed/ving/prepa．前面有逗号，与整个句子隔开：充当整个句子状语成分b．前面无逗号，直接用在名词后：充当前面名词定语成分12)插入语：第三章真题范文（基于功能段落）2001年爱心是一盏灯Directions:Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,buteveryonehashis/herownunderstandingofit.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto1)showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow,2)giveaspecificexample,and3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoshowlove.考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班6练笔：考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班7主题：morality/virtuesThisisasimplebutthought-provokingcartoon:inanexceedinglydarkplacestandshappilyalittlecandle,spreadingbrightnessarounditself,withoptimisticsmilesonitsface;althoughtheplaceisratherdark,thecandleisbraveadequately.Finally,severalChinesecharacterscanbenoticed,whichsaythatlovemeansorequalslight,whichisbrighterinthedarkerplace.(备注：按照原文要求，本段可以省略直接不写。本文描述了图画，纯粹是为了帮考生练笔之用。)Suchascenario/scenecanbenaturallyassociatedwithahostofwarmheartedindividualsinreallife,andaharmonioussocietyisbestcharacterizedbypeople’sloveandmutualhelp.Today,anincreasingnumberofpeopleparticipateinavarietyofactivitiestooffertimelyhelpforothersinneed.Thistrendisparticularlyworthconcern.Itistheirlovethatenablesotherstobuildupadequatehope,courageandconfidencetoconquerdifficulties.Tomyunderstanding,lovecanbelikenedtosunshine,whichbringswarmthtopeopleinneed.AcaseinpointisProjectHope.Asasignificantorganization,ProjectHopebringspoorkidseducationalopportunities,arousestheirenthusiasmforstudy,andhelpsthemtoacquireknowledge.(Asamatteroffact,peopleinmountingnumbershavecometorealizethesignificanceofloveandmutualhelp.)Dobearinmind:nolove,nolight.Accordingly/Thus/Therefore,itisofgreatnecessitytoinspirethisawareness.Foronething,thesocietyasawholeshouldforgeawholesomeatmospheretoappreciateandadvocateactivitiesoflove.Foranother,itisadvisableforyoungsterstostrengthenthemselvesbyparticipatingintheseactivities.(不含首段201words)【译文】所给是一副简单但发人深思的卡通画：在一个非常黑的地方站立着一个幸福自信的灯，他向四周散发着光芒，脸上还带着乐观的笑容；尽管周围很黑，这盏灯勇敢的去面对。最后，我们还能注意到几个汉字，内容是：爱心意味着一盏灯，在越黑暗的地方越明亮。这种情景能自然而然的联系到现实生活中很多热心人士。和谐社会的突出特征就是人们的友爱和互助。如今，越来越多的人们参加到各种活动中去给需要帮助的人们提供及时的帮助。这种趋势非常值得关注。正是他们的爱使得他人建立了足够的希望、勇气和自信去战胜困难。那么，什么是爱？在我看来，爱可以被比喻成给黑暗带来光明的灯。典型例子就是希望工程。作为一个重要的组织，希望工程带给贫困儿童教育机会、唤起他们的学习热情、帮助他们学到知识。事实上，很多人们都意识到爱和互助的重要性。牢牢记住：没有爱，没有光明。因此，很有必要去激发这种意识。一方面，整个社会应该营造一个浓厚的氛围去接受、欣赏和倡导爱心活动和组织。另一方面，年轻人应该通过参加这些活动提升自我。2002年穿中国服装的美国女孩66.Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayentitled“Cultures--NationalandInternational”.Intheessayyoushould1)describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning,and2)giveyourcommentonthephenomenon.考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班8AnAmericangirlintraditionalChinesecostume(服装)练笔：Thisisacommon,simplebuttraditionalChinesecostumes,girlisexceedinglykeenonChinebecomenationalaswellasinternatThisphotoisparticularlyworthconcerncanbenaturallyassociatedwithcivilization.Firstly,thecontemporaryworldisbestcharacterizedbyThus,today,anincreasingnumberofcultures,suchasacupuncture,PekingOpera,andKungfu.enablesChinaandothernationsunderstanding,culturalexchangecountries.Atypicalexamplebringsstudentsnewexperiencebroadenhorizons.Asamatteroffact,peopleinmountingnumbershavecometorealizethesignificanceofculturalexchange.Dobearinmind:culturalstudent,IamconvincedthatChinesesocietyasawholeshouldforgeawholesomeatmospheretoadvocatelearningfromadvancedadvisableforyoungsterstostrengthenthemselves66.Directions:Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and2)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyon练笔：考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班9simplebutspecialphoto:thereisanelegantAmericangirl,traditionalChinesecostumes,withsweetsmilesonherface;althoughsheisaforeignerexceedinglykeenonChineseculture.Finally,wecannoticethatChina’sculturehasbecomenationalaswellasinternational.isparticularlyworthconcernforthebackgroundthatcanbenaturallyassociatedwithahostofforeignerswhoarefascinatedwithChinesehecontemporaryworldisbestcharacterizedby,anincreasingnumberofforeignfriendsareattractedbyavarietyofChinesecultures,suchasacupuncture,PekingOpera,andKungfu.ItisculturalcommunicationChinaandothernationstobuildupfriendship,trustandmutualunderstanding.culturalexchangecanbelikenedtoabridge,whichconnectstypicalexampleistheStudentExchangePrograminuniversities.studentsnewexperience,arousestheirenthusiasmfortheworldAsamatteroffact,peopleinmountingnumbershavecometorealizeculturalexchange.Dobearinmind:culturalcommunicationisthebridgeoffriendshipamconvincedthatitisofgreatnecessitytoinspirethisawareness.asawholeshouldforgeawholesomeatmospheretoadvancedforeigncultures,scienceandtechnology.advisableforyoungsterstostrengthenthemselvesinthisprocess.(2562003年温室花朵经不起风雨Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoudescribethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and2)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)anelegantAmericangirl,wearingalthoughsheisaforeigner,thenoticethatChina’sculturehasforthebackgroundthatsuchascenariofascinatedwithChineseculturalglobalization.foreignfriendsareattractedbyavarietyofChineseculturalcommunicationthatdship,trustandmutualunderstanding.Tomybridge,whichconnects/linkstwouniversities.Thisprogramtheworld,andhelpsthemtoAsamatteroffact,peopleinmountingnumbershavecometorealizeisthebridgeoffriendship.Asacollegeinspirethisawareness.Foronething,asawholeshouldforgeawholesomeatmospheretoappreciateandcultures,scienceandtechnology.Foranother,itis56)Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyou.(20points)考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班10(引入图画)Theseareasetofsimplebutenlighteningdrawings/Thissetofdrawingsaresimplebutthought-provoking:（主题相关人/物+动作+环境+文字）inahugewarmhouse,thereisalittleanddelicateflower,growingvigorously/healthilyandblossoming,andthehouseisprotecting/guardingitfromthestorm(withthehouseprotectingitfromthestorm);(反差)althoughitseemsrather/particularly/exceedingly/quitehealthyandstrong,thisplantdiesquicklyafteritisputintherain,withitsleavesfallinginwind.Finally,severalChinesecharacterscanbenoticed,whichsaythatflowersinthegreenhousecannotbear/live/stand/surviveinsevereweather.(群体特征)ThecontemporaryChinesefamiliesarecharacterizedby“onefamily,onechild”,and（图画联系主旨、现实）suchascenarioabovecanbenaturallyassociatedwithahostofparentsandkids.（现象）Today,ithasbecomeatrendforanincreasingnumberofparentstodo/prepareeverythingforchildren,suchasfood,clothes,tuitionandevenfuturejobs/marriage.(现象替换)Now,anincreasingnumberofparentspreparealmosteverythingforchildren,suchas….(关注+原因)Thistrendisparticularlyworthconcernforthebackground考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班11thatparentsmayfocusmucheyesightonyoungsters’comfortandenjoyment,ignoringthesignificanceofindependence.（强调句式：意义/危害）Itisparents’protectionthatdoesnotenableyoungpeopletobuildupadequateabilityandconfidencetofacesociety.(比喻)Ideemthatindependencecanbelikenedtoajourney,whichleadstosuccess.(举例)Acaseinpointis…（意义2：排比）Asasignificantquality,independencebringsteenagerspower,arousestheirenthusiasmforlife,andhelpsthemtoadapttothesociety.(危害总结)Unfortunately,parents’excessivelovehasconstitutedanobstaclethathinderschildren’sgrowth.(意义总结)Asamatteroffact/Actually,intelligentparentsinlargenumbershavecometorealizethesignificanceofindependenceforyoungsters.(尾段引出1)Thus/Hence/Accordingly,itisofgreat(no)necessitytoinspirethisawareness/toreversethistrend.（尾段引出2）Asacollegestudent,Iamconvincedthatitisessentialforyoungsterstoenhancetheirquality.(建议1)Foronething,thesocietyasawholeshouldforge/constructawholesomeatmospheretorefuse/reject/say“NO”to/criticizeparents’blindlove.(建议2)Foranother,itisadvisableforparentstogive/provide/offertheirkidsmorefreedomandopportunitiestogrow.(建议3)Lastly,researchersandexpertsarewell-advisedtogivetheirprofessionaladviceorguidance.(建议4)Parentsshouldeducate,advocateandencouragetheirchildrentodealwithdifficultiesindependently.(结尾2)Dobearinmind=Doremember:noindependence,nopromisingfuture.(结尾2)Ifparentstrytheirutmosttodoso,thefutureoftheirchildrenwillbehopefulandpromising.(结尾3)Intheseways,/Withtheseeffortstaken,wecanseeahopefulandpromisingfutureofyoungsters.2004年终点又是起点66.Directions:Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethedrawing,2)interpretitsmeaning,and3)supportyourviewwithexamples.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)练笔：考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班12Thiscartoonissimplebutenlightening.Inalongjourney,thereisaconfidentyoungster,rushingtotheendofarace,withoptimisticsmilesonhisface.(反差)Althoughheisrathertiredorexhausted,theguystartshisnewpursuitimmediately.Finally,severalChinesecharacterscanbenoticed,whichsaythatanendis/meansanothernewbegin.(群体特征)Thecontemporarysocietyischaracterizedbyfiercecompetitionandwideopportunities,and(图画联系主旨)suchascenariocanbenaturallyassociatedwithahostofsuccessfulindividuals.(现象)Today,anincreasingnumberofpeopleachievesuccessintheirfields,buttheysetforbiggertargets.(关注)Thisvirtueisparticularlyworthlearning.（强调句：意义）Itistheirperseverancethatenablesthemtosucceedagainandagain.(比喻)Ideemthatlifecanbelikenedtoaroadwithnoeverlastingsuccess.AcaseinpointisLinDan.(排比)Asasignificantquality,考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班13perseverancebringsLinDanpower,arouseshisenthusiasmforlifeandhelpshimtogainmorethanonevictory.Accordingly,itisofgreatnecessitytoinspirethisawareness.Foronething,thesocietyasawholeshouldforgeawholesomeatmospheretorefuseandcriticizethesatisfactionforsmallsuccess.Dobearinmind:anysuccessistemporary.Foranother,itisadvisableforyoungsterstoacquiremoreknowledgeaftereveryprogress.2005年养老足球赛52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethedrawing,theninterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyourcommentonit.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)练笔：考研写作讲义石雷鹏@考虫考研系统班14Thisisasimplebutthought-provokingcartoon:inthemiddleofafootballfield,thereisanelderlyfather,beingkickedaroundlikeaballbyhisthreesonsandlittledaughter,whoareguardingtheirgatesrespectively.Althoughthefouradultchildrenenjoyawealthylife,theyrejecttolookaftertheirfather.SeveralChinesecharactersinterpretitsintendedmeaning,whichsaythattheagedfatherbecomesa“football”.Thispictureisparticularlyworthconcernforthebackgroundthatmanyyoungstersfocusmucheyesightontheirowncomfortandenjoyment,ignoringthelonelinessofparents.Aharmoniousfamilyshouldbecharacterizedbychildren’sloveandrespectforelderlyparents,butsuchascenarioisnaturallyassociatedwiththemiserablelifeoftheoldinreallife.Today,agreatmanyagedpeoplestillliveinvariousmiseries/pains,suchasdisease,poverty,lonelinessandthelike.Obviously,itischildren'scoldattitudesthatdonotenableparentstobuildupadequatehopeandconfidenceforlove.Tomyunderstanding,filialpietycanbelikenedtoamirror,whichreflectsayoungster’ssoul.Children’lovebringsoldparentspower/warmth,arousestheirenthusiasmforlife,andhelpsthemtoenjoytwilight.Unfortunately,sometimes,youngpeople’sindiff