PAGE送东阳马生序(节选)(河北2020年已考)宋濂原文呈现①余幼时即嗜学。家贫,无从致书以观,每假借于藏书之家,手自笔录,计日以还。天大寒,砚冰坚,手指不可屈伸,弗之怠。录毕,走送之,不敢稍逾约。以是人多以书假余,余因得遍观群书。既加冠,益慕圣贤之道,又患无硕师名人与游,尝趋百里外,从乡之先达执经叩问。先达德隆望尊,门人弟子填其室,未尝稍降辞色。余立侍左右,援疑质理,俯身倾耳以请;或遇其叱咄,色愈恭,礼愈至,不敢出一言以复;俟其欣悦,则又请焉。故余虽愚,卒获有所闻。②当余之从师也,负箧曳屣行深山巨谷中。穷冬烈风,大雪深数尺,足肤皲裂而不知。至舍,四支僵劲不能动,媵人持汤沃灌,以衾拥覆,久而乃和。寓逆旅,主人日再食,无鲜肥滋味之享。同舍生皆被绮绣,戴朱缨宝饰之帽,腰白玉之环,左佩刀,右备容臭,烨然若神人;余则缊袍敝衣处其间,略无慕艳意,以中有足乐者,不知口体之奉不若人也。盖余之勤且艰若此。文言词汇分类积累特殊用法词语例句意思通假字支四支僵劲不能动“支”通“肢”,肢体被同舍生皆被绮绣“被”通“披”,穿古今异义致无从致书以观古义:得到;今义:达到,实现走走送之古义:跑;今义:行走,走路假以是人多以书假余古义:借;今义:与“真”相对趋尝趋百里外古义:奔赴;今义:趋势左右余立侍左右古义:身边;今义:大约穷穷冬烈风古义:深;今义:贫穷,穷尽汤媵人持汤沃灌古义:热水;今义:指食物的汁水再日再食古义:两次;今义:又一词多义至色愈恭,礼愈至形容词,周到至舍,四支僵劲不能动动词,到色未尝稍降辞色脸色或遇其叱咄,色愈恭表情慕益慕圣贤之道仰慕略无慕艳意羡慕益益慕圣贤之道更加曾益其所不能增加从从乡之先达执经叩问向当余之从师也跟从词类活用腰腰白玉之环名词用作动词,腰佩手、笔手自笔录手,名词用作动词,动手;笔,名词用作状语,用笔日、食主人日再食日,名词用作状语,每天;食,名词用作动词,吃鲜肥无鲜肥滋味之享形容词用作名词,新鲜肥美的食物虚词以俯身倾耳以请连词,相当于“而”,译为“来”无从致书以观介词,用以衾拥覆用,拿以书假余介词,把以中有足乐者连词,因为计日以还相当于“而”,表顺接之每假借于藏书之家结构助词,的走送之代词,指书当余之从师也结构助词,用在主谓之间取消句子独立性无鲜肥滋味之享无实义弗之怠代词,抄书,宾语前置的标志而足肤皲裂而不知连词,表转折,但,却久而乃和连词,表承接,不译则则又请焉连词,表承接,可译为“就,便”余则缊袍敝衣处其间连词,表转折,却1.解释下列加点的词。(1)余幼时即嗜学 嗜:________________________________________________________________________(2)每假借于藏书之家 假借:________________________________________________________________________(3)不敢稍逾约 逾约:________________________________________________________________________(4)以是人多以书假余 以是:________________________________________________________________________(5)又患无硕师、名人与游 硕:________________________________________________________________________(6)从乡之先达执经叩问 叩:________________________________________________________________________(7)未尝稍降辞色 辞色:________________________________________________________________________(8)援疑质理 援:____________ 质:________________________________________________________________________(9)或遇其叱咄 叱咄:________________________________________________________________________(10)俟其欣悦 俟:________________________________________________________________________(11)穷冬烈风 穷冬:________________________________________________________________________(12)足肤皲裂而不知 皲裂:________________________________________________________________________(13)至舍 舍:________________________________________________________________________(14)媵人持汤沃灌 沃灌:________________________________________________________________________(15)以衾拥覆 衾:________________________________________________________________________(16)右备容臭 臭:________________________________________________________________________(17)烨然若神人 烨然:________________________________________________________________________(18)余则缊袍敝衣处其间 缊:______ 敝:________________________________________________________________________2.(2020保定17中模拟改编)下列各组句子中加点词的意义和用法相同的—项是( )A.手自笔录,计日以还 日星隐曜B.色愈恭,礼愈至 后狼止而前狼又至C.同舍生皆被绮绣 将军身被坚执锐D.不知口体之奉不若人也 奉命于危难之间3.(2020保定17中模拟改编)下面句子中加点的词意思不同于其他三项的一项是( )A.每假借于藏书之家B.录毕,走送之C.益慕圣贤之道D.从乡之先达执经叩问4.把下列句子翻译成现代汉语。(1)(2020北京中考)以是人多以书假余,余因得遍观群书。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)(2020柳州中考)录毕,走送之,不敢稍逾约。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(3)(2020雅安中考)余立侍左右,援疑质理,俯身倾耳以请。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(4)(2020保定17中模拟)以中有足乐者,不知口体之奉不若人也。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.(2020保定17中模拟)诵读
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企业安全文化建设方案企业安全文化建设导则安全文明施工及保证措施创建安全文明校园实施方案创建安全文明工地监理工作情况
,说说作者在求学过程中遇到了哪些困难,他是如何克服的,他为什么能够这么做。(课后习
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快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题
)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.(2020岳阳中考)学完本文,在学习上你有哪些启示?(写两点)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.(2020哈尔滨中考)作者是如何解决“无书”“无师”这两个困难的?阅读第一段,用原文中的语句回答。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.(2020娄底中考)选文多次提到太学生学习条件优越,其用意是什么?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2020河北中考)阅读下面的文言文,回答9~13题。(14分)【甲】当余之从师也,负箧曳屣行深山巨谷中。穷冬烈风,大雪深数尺,足肤皲裂而不知。至舍四支僵劲不能动媵人持汤沃灌以衾拥覆久而乃和。寓逆旅,主人日再食,无鲜肥滋味之享。同舍生皆被绮绣,戴朱缨宝饰之帽,腰白玉之环,左佩刀,右备容臭,烨然若神人;余则缊袍敝衣处其间,略无慕艳意,以中有足乐者,不知口体之奉不若人也。盖余之勤且艰若此。【乙】义阳①朱詹,世居江陵,后出扬都②。嗜学,家贫无资,累日不爨③,乃时吞纸以实腹④。寒无毡被,抱犬而卧。犬亦饥虚,起行盗食。呼之不至,哀声动邻⑤。犹⑥不废业,卒成学士。【注释】①义阳:地名。②后出扬都:后来到了扬都。③累日不爨(cuàn):连续几天不能生火做饭。④实腹:填充肚子。⑤哀声动邻:哀痛的喊声惊动了邻里。⑥犹:仍然。9.给甲段文字中画线部分加上标点符号。(2分)至舍四支僵劲不能动媵人持汤沃灌以衾拥覆久而乃和。10.解释下列句子中加点的词语。(4分)(1)负箧曳屣 曳:________________________________________________________________________(2)以中有足乐者 以:________________________________________________________________________(3)乃时吞纸以实腹 时:________________________________________________________________________(4)卒成学士 卒:________________________________________________________________________11.把下列句子翻译成现代汉语。(4分)(1)盖余之勤且艰若此。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)嗜学,家贫无资。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12.乙文中朱詹异于常人的行为具体表现在哪些地方?(用原文回答)(2分)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________13.甲乙两段文字在内容上有什么相同之处?(2分)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________