2021届高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧与练习

2021届高考英语词义猜测 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 解题技巧与练习考纲解读(1)正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。(2)英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。(3)阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。考查特点一：把握词句猜测题常见的命题方式：(1)Thephrase“...”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby_________.(2)Theword“...”intheparagraphrefersto_________.(3)Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph？Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?(4)Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“...”？(5)Theword“...”mostnearlymeans_________.(6)Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphimpliesthat_________.二：掌握词句猜测题的考查角度(1)猜测生词或熟词生义；(2)猜测短语意义；(3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it，one，they，this，that，these，those等)；(4)猜测句意。三：选项特征最佳选项①与原文上下文联系非常紧密。②可以通过上下文内容的提示确定，原文提示的方式一般有：定义和解释、描述和例证、同义和反义、平行关系以及构词法等。干扰选项①只是字面意思。②我们熟悉但并不符合上下文的定义。③与上下文似乎相吻合的错误定义。例题精讲Money_with_no_strings_attached.It'snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth，aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread，“GiveWhatYouCan，TakeWhatYouNeed.”Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars，manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages，races，andsocio－economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook，”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox，whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles，butafewpeopleleftfives，tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost，isthattheywerefullofsmiles，”Bridgessaid.“There'sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost.”Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew，butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign，Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.“Afterall，everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays，”hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”文章大意：主题：人与社会(社会服务——公益事业)；话题：付出与获取。本文是一篇记叙文，主要向读者介绍了TylerBridges创办的一项“尽你所能，取你所需”的活动。这一活动吸引了许多不同的人，其唯一目的就是展现人们的慷慨和同情心。结果显示，人们付出的多，获取的少，达到了预期效果。1．Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inParagraph？_C__1meanA．Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B．Moneynotlegallymade.C．Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D．Moneynottiedtogether.词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“GiveWhatYouCan，TakeWhatYouNeed.(尽你所能，取你所需)”可知，此处moneywithnostringsattached的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”，故C项正确。2．WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride？_B__A．Womentendedtobemoresociable.B．Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.C．Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D．Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘Peopleofallages，races，andsocio－economicbackgroundsgaveandtook，’．..”可知，这项活动吸引了不同年龄、不同种族、不同社会经济背景的人们，甚至有一位穿礼服的新娘都来拿了几美元。提到这位新娘的目的，显然是告诉我们：这项活动吸引了许多不同的人，故B项正确。3．WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?A．Todoatestonpeople'smorals.B．Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.C．Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.D．Topromotekindnessandsympathy.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.”可知，Bridges开展该项活动的目的是展现人们的慷慨和同情心，故选D项。课后习题（一）Lastweek,VodafonestartedatestoftheUK'sfirstfull5Gservice,availableforusebybusinessesinSalford.ItispartofitsplantotrialthetechnologyinsevenUKcities.Butwhatcanweexpectfromthenextgenerationofmobiletechnology?Onethingwewillseeinthepreparationforthetestislotsoftrickswiththenewtech.Earlierthisyear,operatorspaidalmost￡1.4billionforthe5Gwavelengths,andtocompensateforthatcash,theywillneedtocatchtheeyeofconsumers.InSeptember,VodafoneuseditsbitoftherangetodisplaytheUK'sfirsthologram(全息)call.TheManchesterCitycaptainStephHoughtonappearedasaholograminNewbury.Itisn'tallholograms,however:5Gwillofferfasterinternetaccess,withOfcom(英国通讯管理局)suggestingthatvideothattakesaminutetodownloadon4Gwillbeavailableinjustasecond.Thewiderapplicationistosupportconnectedequipmentonthe“internetofthings”—notjusttheinternet－enabledfridgethatcanreorderyourmilkforyou,butthenetworkthatwillenabledriver－lesscarsanddeliverydrones(无人机)tocommunicatewitheachother.ProfWilliamWebbhaswarnedthatthetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes.Muchofthespeedincrease,heclaims,couldhavebeenachievedbyputtingmoremoneyinthe4Gnetwork,ratherthananewtechnology.OtherdifferentvoiceshavesuggestedthatafocusonrollingoutwiderruralbroadbandaccessandaddressingcurrentnetworkcoveragewouldbemorebeneficialtotheUKasawhole.Obviously,5Gwillalsobringacosttoconsumers.Itrequiresahandsetforboth5Gand4G,andthefirst5G－enabledsmartphonesareexpectedinthecomingyear.Withtheslowpaceofnetworkrolloutsofar,itislikelythatconsumerswillendupupgradingtoanew5Gphonewellbefore5Gbecomeswidelyavailableinthenextcoupleofyears.1．WhydoesProfWilliamWebbsay“thetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes”？A．Heisinfavoroftheapplicationofthenewtechnology.B．5Gwillbringacosttoconsumersintheirdailylife.C．5Ghelpspeoplecommunicatebetterwitheachother.D．Heprefersmoremoneytobespenton4Gnetworks.2．Theunderlinedword“addressing”inthefourthparagraphhastheclosest__.meaningtoA．makingaspeechtoB．tryingtosolveC．managingtodecreaseD．respondingto3．Thelastparagraphindicatesthat___.A．it'lltakeseveralyearstomake5GaccessibletothepublicintheUKB．5GserviceshowshugedevelopmentpotentialandabroadmarketC．customersareeagertouse5Gsmartphonesinsteadof4GonesD．it'sprobablethat5GnetworkrolloutisspeedingupinBritain4.Whatdoweknowaboutthetext？A．Vodafoneissuccessfulinspreadingthe5Gservice.B．StephHoughtonappearedasahologramby4G.C．Theapplicationof5Gwillmakelifemucheasier.D．5GphonesareavailableinruralareasoftheUK.参考答案：DBAC课后习题（二）PreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself－drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream，yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well，thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself－drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself－drivingcars，andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California，itshouldbenoted，isn'tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It'shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes，thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities，forbetterorforworse，dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso)，policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself－drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams，cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars？Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself－drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong，slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork，entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride，whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning，theysendtheself－drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride－hailing(叫车)services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol－poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric，self－drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride－hailingservices，consideringthecostofself－drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题)．Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthecar－controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople，andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.1．Accordingtotheauthor，attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan___.A．helpdealwithtransportation－relatedproblemsB．providebetterservicestocustomersC．causedamagetoourenvironmentD．makesomepeoplelosejobs2．Asfordriverlesscars，whatistheauthor'smajorconcern？A．Safety.B．Sideeffects.C．Affordability.D．Management.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded”inParagraph4probably？meanA．Employed.B．Replaced.C．Shared.D．Reduced.4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofself－drivingcars？A．Doubtful.B．Positive.C．Disapproving.D．Sympathetic.参考答案：ADAB