语法填空-时态语态

时态语态时态和语态是广东高考语法填空中的必考点，每年必考1题。究竟考些什么内容？现将考点简述如下：1.时态。时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语中常用的时态有16种，但高考考试说明中 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 要掌握的有十种：表示一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作have/hasbeendoing现在完成进行时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动词，即“过去的过去”haddone过去完成时表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态have/hasdone现在完成时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作will/shallbedoing将来进行时表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作was/weredoing过去进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作am/is/aredoing现在进行时在过去某一时刻看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态woulddo过去将来时在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态will/shalldo一般将来时在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态did一般过去时经常性或习惯性动作，客观事实，现在的状态do/does一般现在时主要用法构成(以do为例)10种时态注：(1)表示将来还有多种形式，如：“begoingto+动词原形”“beto+动词原形”“beaboutto+动词原形”等。在飞机、火车等时刻表中规定的事情，或在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来；表示计划好的活动，还常用现在进行时表示。(2)现在进行时与always，continually，constantly等连用，表示说话人的某种情感，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。如：Heisalwayshelpingothers.他总是帮助别人。(赞扬)2.语态。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，不同时态的被动语态的形式由be来体现，如一般过去时的被动语态就是“was/were+过去分词”，一般将来时的被动语态就是“willbe+过去分词”。　在广东高考英语语法填空中，一般有一空是考查谓语动词的时态，同时有一空是考查非谓语动词，因此，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是用被动语态，二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态，进而确定所填动词的形式。例1：Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheirnaturalcourse.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(2008广东)分析：因句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是动名词短语作主语，括号中的result应当为谓语动词；主语与谓语动词是主动关系，再说短语动词resultin本身是不能用于被动语态的，故用主动语态；根据语境，这段话是拔苗助长这个成语故事所说明的道理，“我们必须让事物沿着它们的自然进程发展。太着急帮助一件事物发展，结果往往和我们的意图相反（欲速则不达）。”这是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填results。例2：Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich__________(place)undertheMinister’scar.(2005广东)分析：替代thebox的关系代词which在定语从句中作主语，place应当为谓语动词；因主语which(thebox)与place(放置)是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因place这个动作发生在wascaught这个动作之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态，故填hadbeenplaced。一、考点分析谓语动词的时态语态在广东高考中是每年必考点，我们必须重视。虽然考试说明中的列了十种时态，但常考的只是一般现在时和一般过去时。1.一般现在时。(2008年广东)Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.[解析]句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是动名词短语作主语，result应是谓语动词，应当考虑的是它的时态；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。results2.一般过去时。(2010年广东)Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman33(present)thewatertotheoldman.[解析]句中theyoungman是主语，其后的present应是谓语动词，由语境可知，用一般过去时。presented3.固定句式中的时态。(2007年广东)IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31(break)downneararemotevillage.[解析]在when后面的句子中，mycar是主语，break应为谓语动词；由全文可知这是叙述过去的经历，用一般过去式；再说was/weredoing…when…did…是一个固定句型，when后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时，表示“正在做某事，就在这个时候发生了另一事”。broke4.一般过去时的被动语态。(2009年广东)Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane40(inform).[解析]Jane是主语，其后的inform应是谓语动词；因Jane与inform是被动关系，又是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。wasinformed二、真题演练用所给词的适当形式填空。1.…peoplesteppedonyourfeetor34(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.(2009年广东)1.pushed与stepped并列，也用一般过去时。pushed2.—Iseveryonehere?—Notyet.Look,there______(come)therestofourguests!(2010江苏卷)2.come。由于以here和there开头引出的倒装句通常只用于一般时态，又因为句子主语therestofourguest为复数，故填come。come3.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho______(wear)eveningdress.(2010全国卷II)3.wears。根据句意，此处谈的是一般情况，要用一般现在时；由于oneofthewomen前有only修饰，说明其后的定语从句是修饰one的，而不是修饰women的，所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数；故填wears。wears4.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers________(have)theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.(2010上海卷)4.have。根据句中的everyfewyears(每隔几年)可知，动作带有经常性和规律性，故用一般现在时。have5.Thechurchtowerwhich________(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.(2010上海卷)5.isbeingrestored。根据句中的…willbeopentotouristssoon(不久将对游客开放)以及Theworkisalmostfinished(工程差不多快结束了)可知，thechurchtower的修复工程还正在进行，故用现在进行时的被动语态。isbeingrestored6.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit________(come)onthemarketin1973.(2010重庆卷)6.came。主句用现在完成时，since引导的从句用一般过去时。came7.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou____________(arrive)safely.(2010全国卷I)7.havearrived。根据常识，说话人应该是叫对方“已经”到家后才打电话报平安，故选现在完成时。havearrived8.Uptonow,theprogram________(save)thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.(2010山东卷)8.hassaved。短语uptonow的意思是“到现在为止”，指从过去某时开始持续到现在的一段时间，通常与现在完成时连用。hassaved9.Formanyyears,people________(dream)ofelectriccars.However,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.(2010浙江卷)9.havedreamed。根据句意和句中的时态hasbeen，以有formanyyears(多年来)可知，要用现在完成时。havedreamed10.一Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?一Notuntilwe_____________ourplan.(2010四川卷)10.havefinished。再根据句意和常识可知，人们通常是先制定计划，然后付诸实施，故空格处填现在完成时比较符合句子语境。havefinished11.—I’mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriends____________(wait)forus.(2010北京卷)11.arewaiting。对话的意思是：“我还有没吃完饭。”“但是我们的朋友在等我们了。”arewaiting12.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople____________(sell)allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.(2010湖南卷)12.wereselling。根据常识，在“我慢慢走过市场时”，在市场那里有各种蔬菜水果在卖，“我”才会“仔细研究其价格”“买下需要的东西”。wereselling13.—Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?—No,I________(read)thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.(2010安徽卷)13.hadread。由语境可知，“看这本书”应该是在“看电影”之前，故用过去完成时。hadread14.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey________(do)forme.(2010北京卷)14.haddone。句中do的动作应发生took之前，故用过去完成时。haddone15.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone_______(do)it.Wasityou?(2010湖南卷)15.haddone。根据句意可知，“有人给玫瑰剪枝”发生在“我去给玫瑰剪枝”之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。haddone16.I’mtiredout.I____________(shop)allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.(2010湖南卷)16.havebeenshopping。因为“很累”是因为“整个下午一直在购物”导致的，又由don’tseem可知，现在仍在购物，故用现在完成进行时。havebeenshopping17.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI______________(cough)alotlately.(2010陕西卷)17.havebeencoughing。根据句中“不得不要去看医生”这一信息可知，“咳嗽”这一现象现在还在持续，用现在完成进行时。havebeencoughing18.Thiscoastalarea________(name)anationalwildlifereservelastyear.(2010湖南卷)18.wasnamed。由于thiscoastalarea与name之间为被动关系，再根据句中的lastyear可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。wasnamed19.Linda,makesurethetables_______(set)beforetheguestsarrive.(2010全国卷II)19.areset。由于table(桌子)与set(摆，放置)之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；又因为makesure后接从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，故用一般现在时的被动语态。areset20.Thepalacecaughtfiresthreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding________(remain)now.(2010重庆卷)20.remains。意思是说，由于三次失火，原来的建筑现在就没有留下来了。remain=beleft被留下来。remains21.You’vefailedtodowhatyou____________(expect)toandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.(2010四川卷)21.wereexpected。由expectsbtodosth(期待某人做某事)可知，you与expect为被动关系，要用被动语态；意思是指没有做“过去安排好要做的事”，于是担心受惩罚，故用一般过去时的被动语态。wereexpected22.Thencameanotherrider;theoldman32(catch)hiseyeandsaid,“Sir,wouldyouminddoingmeafavor?”(2010深圳一模)22.caught。由与之并列的谓语动词andsaid可知，catch也用一般过去时。caught23.Peoplesaythatasmilecan39(pass)fromonepersontoanother,butactsofkindnessfromstrangersareevenmoreso.(2010深圳一模)23.bepassed。因asmile与pass是被动关系，故用被动语态，注意情态动词后用原形。bepassed24.Ithoughtforamoment,35(roll)downthewindow,andgesturedtotheman.(2010茂名一模)24.rolled。从后文的and可知，roll的时态应与thought和gestured一致，要用一般过去时。注意，由and连接的两个或多个先后发生的系列动词时，其时态一致。rolled25.Whenresearch35(assign),theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwithminimumguidance.(2010华附三模)25.isassigned。谓语动词，因research(研究工作)与assign(分配)是被动关系，又根据前后时态(如expects)可知，此空应用一般现在时的被动语态。isassigned一、单句填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe ____________(notlive)hereanymore.(全国I)2.Thismachine_______________(notwork).Ithasn’tworkedforyears.(浙江)3.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they________________(increase)theirsalesby20percent.(全国Ⅱ)4.Populationexpertspredictthatmostpeople_____________(live)incitiesinthenearfuture.(上海春)doesn’tlivedoesn’twork willincreasewilllive5.He__________(play)footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.(天津)6.—HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?—Yes,sinceshe___________theChineseSociety.(宁夏)7.Teenagers____________(damage)theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.(重庆)8.IcalledHnnahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother__________(talk)onthephoneallthetime!(湖南)playedjoinedaredamagingwastalking9.Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe_____________(notsmoke),andhehassmokedeversince.(北京)10.Bythistimetomorrow,I_____________(lie)onthebeach11.Sofarthisyearwe___________(see)afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(福建)wouldnotsmokewillbelyinghaveseen12.Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood.ButI____________(stay)inmanyworsehotels.(北京)13.Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe____________(know)eachotherforyears.(辽宁)hadstayedhadknown14.—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He_____________________(prepare)foritformonths.(江苏)15.Thetelephone________________(ring),butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.(四川)16.—Didyougototheshowlastnight?　—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea_______________(invite).(陕西)hasbeenpreparingwasringingwasinvited17.—What’sthatnoise?—Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine_______________(test).(浙江)18.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey___________________(teach)manytimesontheradio.(安徽)isbeingtestedhavebeentaught19.Nodecision_______________(make)aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.(北京)20.—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou______________(offer)thisjob?—Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary….(湖南)willbemadeareoffered二、语篇填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 填写在答题卡标号为31～40的相应位置上。(以动词时态为主)(1)It wasgettingdarkwhenIgothome.ItwascoldandI[1]_______________(wear)acoat.Iwalkeduptothedoorandputmyhandintomypocket[2]________(take)outmykey[3]______Icouldn’tfindit.IsuddenlyrememberedthatI hadleft[4]______onmydeskintheoffice.Itreallydidn’tmake[5]________difference.Iknewmywifewasathomeandthechildrenmusthavecomebackfromschool[6]________now,soIknocked atthedoor.waswearingtotakebutitanybyTherewasnoanswer,soIknockedagain.I[7]____________(continue)knockingatthedoorforsometime.Iwasgettingangry.ThenIrememberedsomethingtheofficeboyhadtoldmeatnoon.Hesaidthatmywife[8]________(phone) sayingthatshe[9]_____________(go)shoppingintheafternoonwiththechildren.Therewasonlyonethingforme todo:Ihadtoclimein[10]___________awindow.continuedhadphonewouldgothrough(2)Whenhewasalittleboy,ChristopherCockerelloncewatchedhismother[1]_______________(turn)thewheelofhersewing-machinewithherhand.“Wouldn'titwork[2]________(quick)ifamachineturnedthewheelforyou?”heasked.“Isupposeitwould,”saidhismother,without[3]________(pay)himanyattention.Christopher[4]________(know)shealwayshadalotofwork,andhewanted[5]________(help)her.turning/turnquickerpayingknewtohelpUpinhisbedroomtherewasatoysteam-enginewhichhisfatherhadbought[6]______asagift.“I[7]__________________(make)betteruseofit,”littleChristophersaidtohimself.So,whenhismother[8]____________(notuse)hersewing-machine,hefixedthetoysteam-engineontoit.Whenthejob[9]____________(finish),hewasquitepleased, [10]____________(think)hismother[11]____________(like)it.himshall/willmakewasnotusingwasfinishedthinkingwouldlike“Veryclever,”hismothersaid,whenshesawit.Thenshesatdownandwenton[12]________(turn)thewheelbyhand.“I[13]___________(work)likethisfortoomanyyears,”sheexplained.ThistaughtChristopherCockerellthelessonthatanyonewhotries[14]____________(improve)anything[15]________(have)tolearn:Manypeopledon’tlikenewideas.turninghavebeenworkingtoimprovehas