考研英语二阅读理解真题

2019考研英语二阅读理解真题今天为大家提供2019考研英语二阅读理解真题，考研英语阅读理解分为四部分，一起来看看吧！希望这些题目都难不倒你！Text1Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends-andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyunfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated."Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren'tbinary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaypensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,MaltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharingSomekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshorfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.Inaxxstudy,forexample,Maltilookedat244childrenUsingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharedthemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-pronesharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybeemoresympathetictotheotherchild'sdeprivation"That'sgoodnews,"Maltisays."Wecanbeprosocialonesbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret,”英语二阅读题21.Researchersthinkthatguititmayhelp____canbeagoodthingbecausefosterachild`smoraldevelopmentregulateachild`sbasicemontionsimproveachild`sintellectualabilityintensityachild`spositivefeelings22.Aordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe____inexcusabledeceptionaddictiveburdensome23.VaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltesfromanawarenessthatA)emotionsaircontext-independentB)anemotioncanplayopposingrolesC)emotionaresociallyconstructiveD)emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealthText2Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap—butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytosequestercarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest,includingbycontrolledburning.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffbarkbeetles.Thelandscapeisrenderedlessbustible.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,sincexx,droughtandbeetleshavekilledmorethan100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostoftheminxxalone,andwildfireshavescorchedhundredsofthousandsofacres.California'splanenvisionstreating35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030—financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That'sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,anestimatedhalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbeimportanttoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumber,burnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels,orusedinpostoranimalfeed.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisunderway,andthestateplanstoencouragelumberproductionclosetoforestlands.Infuturethestateproposestotakeaninventoryofitsforests'carbon-storingcapacityeveryfiveyears.Stategovernmentsarewellaustomedtomanagingforests,includingthoseownedbytheU.S.ForestService,buttraditionallythey'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheyetoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernorearlynextyear,shouldserveasamodel.26.“Oneoftheharderchallenges”implies___A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrolB.forestsmaybeeapotentialthreatC.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarmingD.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks",wemayneedto_A.preservediversityofspeciesB.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacityC.aeleratethegrowthofyoungtreesD.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants28.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto___A.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires.B.cultivatemoredroughtresistanttrees.C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsectsD.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaordingtopara.5?A.ToobtainenoughfinancialsupportB.Tocarryitoutbefore2020C.TohandletheareasintheseriousdangerfirstD.Toperfecttheemission-permitauctions30.theauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'splancanbebestdescribedas____supportiveambiguoustolerantcautiousText3Americanfarmershavebeenplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyearsnow.Givenamulti-yeardeclineinillegalimmigration,andasimilarlysustainedpickupintheU.S.jobmarket,theplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.Effortstocreateamorestraightforwardagricultural-workersvisathatwouldenableforeignworkerstostaylongerintheU.S.andchangejobswithintheindustryhavesofarfailedinCongress.Ifthisdoesn’tchange,Americanbusinesses,munitiesandconsumerswillbethelosers.PerhapshalfofU.S.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.AsfewersuchworkersentertheU.S.,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforcearechanging.Today’sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremorelikelytobesettled,ratherthanmigrating,andmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle.Theyarealsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswereovertheageof35.Now,morethanhalfare.Andcroppickingishardonolderbodies.Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasithasbeenallalong:NativeU.S.workerswon’tbereturningtothefarm.Inastudypublishedinxx,economistMichaelClemensanalyzed15yearsofdataonNorthCarolina’sfarm-labormarketandconcluded,“Thereisvirtuallynosupplyofnativemanualfarmlaborers”inthestate.Thiswastrueeveninthedepthsofasevererecession.Mechanizationisnottheanswereither—notyetatleast.Productionofcorn,cotton,rice,soybeansandwheathavebeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,whererobotscurrentlydoonlyasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforetheyareautomated.Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusingtheH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheagriculturalworkforce.Startingaroundxx,requestsforthevisasrosesharply;fromxxtoxxthenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork,whichislimitedto66,000annually.Evenso,employersfrequentlyplainthattheyaren’tallottedalltheworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensiveandunreliable.OnesurveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledH-2Aworkerstoarriveonthejobanaverageof22dayslate.Andtheshortageispoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,whichremovesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.Petitioningeachyearforlaborers—andhopingthegovernmentprovidesenough,andthattheyarriveontime—isnowaytorunabusiness.InaxxsurveybytheCaliforniaFarmBureau,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percentofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.SomewesterngrowershaverespondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.Withoutreliableaesstoareliableworkforce,moregrowerswillbetemptedtomovesouth.AordingtoareportbythePartnershipforaNewAmericanEconomy,Americansareconsumingmorefreshproduce,whichisgood.Butarisingshareofitisgrownelsewhere.In1998-2000,14.5percentofthefruitAmericansconsumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruithadincreasedto25.8percent.RuralU.S.munitiesthatmighthavebenefiteddidn’t.Ineffect,theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.TheU.S.needsasimpler,streamlined,multi-yearvisaforagriculturalworkers,aompaniedbymeasurestoguardagainstexploitationandaviablepathtoU.S.residencyforworkerswhomeettherequirements.Otherwisegrowerswillcontinuetostrugglewithshortagesanduncertainty,andthecountryasawholewillloseout.31.Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A.discriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.B.biasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.C.flawsinUSimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.D.declineofjobopportunitiesinUSagriculture.OnetroublewithUS.Agricultureworkforceis___A.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants.B.thehighmobilityofcropworkers.C.thelackofexperiencedlabors.D.theagingofimmigrantfarmworkers.33.Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinUSfarming?AgricultureemployersplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits____?A.slowgrantingprocedures.B.limitondurationofstay.C.tightenedrequirements.D.controlofannualadmissions.35.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.USAgricultureinDecline.B.ImportFoodorLabor?C.AmericaSavedbyMexico?D.Manpowervs.Automation?Text4ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:It’seasytobeatplastic.They’repartofabunchofcelebritiesstaringinanewvideoforWorldEnvironmentDay-encouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-usePlasticstaplestobattheplasticcrisis.IfonlyI’drealizedthatwecanbuyourwayoutoftheproblemexceptwecan’t.ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydoincludeacallforgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-usplastics.Buttheoverarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals:Leadwithyourwallets.Theproblemofperpetuatingthisindividualisticnarrativeisthatit'snotgoingtogetusveryfarandtheplasticscrisiswefaceisimmense.Ouroceansareblightedbythestuff.It'sinourdrinkingwater(includingbottledwater),andwecouldevenbebreathingitin.I'mnotdismissingindividualactionslikeorderingstraw-freedrinksatbars,oroptingforareusablewaterbottleoveracupthat'sgoinginthetrashassoonasyou'veusedit.Ican'timaginenotatleasttryingtominimizemyownplasticsfootprint,whetherit'slugginghomemynewly-refilledgallonbottleofwashing-upliquideveryfewmonths,orbuyingpackaging-freefood,clothingandtoiletrieswherepossible.Ontheirown,however,noneofthesethingsisenough.Partofmyworryaboutleavingituptotheindividualisthatwe'realljustguessingatwhat'sgoingonoutthere-andthat'sifwehaven'tbeenscaredofffromdoinganythingtostartwithinthefaceofsuchahugechallenge.Asconsumers,wehavelittleideaabouthowmuchplastichasbeenusedanddiscardedalongthesupplychain,forexample.It'salsohardtopare,say,goingtoabulkstorethatsellsplastic-freeproductsbutrequiresyoutodrivesomedistanceversusamoreIalshopwhereyoumayenduptakinghomesomepackageditems.There’salsoatimeandcostissue.Realistically,I'mnotgoingtostartmakingmyownlaundrydetergentssoIcanavoidtheplasticbottlestheyein,andtherecanbeextracostsassociatedwithenvironmentallyfriendlyproducts.Mybiggestconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseofwhatneedstobeachievedOntheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreorquittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaomplishlittleandrequireverylittleofus.Theycouldevenbedetrimental,satisfyinganeedtohave"doneourbit"withouteverprogressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactions---akindof"morallicensing"thatallaysourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowarditremainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we'reignoringthebalanceofpowerthatimpliesthatas"consumers"wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas"citizens"holdourgovernmentsandindustriestoaounttopushforrealsystemicchange.NowhereinWorldEnvironmentDay2018'skeymessagesisthereanythingaboutvotingforenvironmentallyprogressivepoliticians,forexample.Whynot?It’simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn’teveryone’spriority-orevenmostpeople’s.Weshouldn’texpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyCouldPeopleDoBadEnvironmentalThings,WellesleyCollegeprofessorElizabethR.DeSombrearguethatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersofpeopleisforthechangetobestructural.Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacosttoenvironmentallyproblematicaction,orbanningsingle-useplasticsaltogether.Indiahasjustannounceditwill”eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022.”Therearealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,suchasensuringrecyclingisatleastaseasyastrashdisposal.DeSombreisn’tsayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It’sjustthatindividualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobeonly,orevenprimary,approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.Noneofthisisaboutwritingofftheindividual.It’sjustaboutputtingthingsintoperspective.Wedon’thavetimetowait.Weneedprogressivepoliciesthatshapecollectiveaction(andreininpollutingbusiness),alongsideengagedcitizenspushingforchange.That’snotsomethingwecanbuy.SomecelebritiesstarinanewvideotoA.demandnewlawsontheuseofplasticsB.urgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplasticsC.invitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisisD.disclosethecausesoftheplasticscrisis37.Theauthorisconcernedthat“morallicensing”mayA.misleadusintodoingworthlessthingsB.preventusfrommakingfurthereffortsC.weakenoursenseofaomplishmentD.suppressourdesireforsuess38.Bypointingoutouridentityas“citizens,”theauthorindicatesthatA.ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtomunitywelfareB.ourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimprovingC.wehavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrightsD.WeshouldpressourgovernmentstoleadthebatDeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbeA.awin-winarrangementB.aself-drivenmechanismC.acost-effectiveapproachD.atopdownprocessTheauthorconcludesthatindividualeffortsA.canbetooaggressiveB.arefarfromsufficientC.canbetooinconsistentD.arefarfromrational内容仅供参考