名词性从句&状语从句详解及练习

精品感谢下载载高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。分别是：名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）2、状语从句（副词性从句，包括时间，地点，结果，目的，原因等）定语从句（形容词从句）名词性从句1.定义：从句在句子中充当名词。分类：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。（从句在句中充当成份）连接词：连词：that(无意义，不充当成份)，if/wether(无意义，是否)，asif,asthough(好像，似乎)连接代词：what(充当主，宾，表，什么)，who(主宾表，指人)，whom(宾，指人)，which(主宾表，定，哪一个)，whose(定语，谁的)连接副词：when(时间状语，什么时候)，where（地点状语，什么地方），why(原因状语，为什么)，how(方式状语，怎么样，如何)复合连词：whatever（不管什么），whoever(不管是谁)，whichever（不管哪个），whomever（不管是谁），whenever（不管什么时候），wherever（不管什么地方），however（不管怎样）一，主语从句定义：从句在句中充当主语，常位于句首或者动词be动词之前他获得一得奖一事使他很兴奋。That(不充当成份，无意思)hegotthefirstpriceexcitedhim.她能来我们很高兴。Thatshewasabletocomemadeushappy.我们是否能准时到达那儿还不确定.Whetherwecangetthereontimeisdoubtful.我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。Whatweshoulddowiththeproblemisundecided.我们所需要的是时间。Whatweneedistime.对她来说，最重要的是她的家庭。Whatisimportanttoherisherfamily.谁去都是一样的。、Whowillgomakesnodifference.哪一组赢得比赛还不知道。Whichteamwillwinthegameisstillunknown.她去哪了还是个迷Whereshehasgoneisamystery.这个怎么发生的还不清楚。Howthishappenedisnotclear.他们什么时候开始还不知道。Whentheywillstartisstillunkownyet.无论你说什么都会让她生气。Whateveryousaywillmadeherangry.无论是谁，第一个来就可以获得礼物。Whoevercomesfirstcangetapresent.形式主语：.that引导从句做主语时，为了避免头重脚轻，常用It做形式上的主语而将That从句放句末。That(不充当成份，无意思)hegotthefirstpriceexcitedhim.=Itexcitedhimthathegotthefirstprice..常见的形式主语结构It+系动词+形容词+That从句Itisclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.It+系动词+名词+That从句（apity,ashame,afact,anhonour,awonder,nowonder,goodnews）Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendtheirwedding.Itisnowonderthatyouhaveachievedsomuchsuccess.It+系动词+动词过去分词+that(expected,reported,thought,decided,announced)Itissaidthatnopassengerswereinjuredintheaccident.Itisannouncedthattheplanhasbeensuccessfullycarriedout.It+特殊动词+that从句（常用动词seem，appear显得，happen，matter，turnout，occurtosb某人突然想起）Itseemstomethatheobjectstotheplan.IthappenedthatImetanoldfriendonthestreetyesterday.二，表语从句定义：充当表语，位与系动词（常常是be动词）动词之后。Thefactisthatweshoulddependonourselves.Thequestioniswhetherwecanreducethecostoftheproject.其它引导词：Asif,as,asthough此类表语从句常跟在特殊词后面，如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel.Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingthedoor.Youlookjustasyoulooked10yearsago.reason主语时候表语从句，用that引导，不用Why.但是引导的定语从句用whyThereasonisthatthedrivewasdrunk.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tpasstheexamwasthathewastoocareless.4.当主语表示“plan,advice,suggestion,order,request”等计划，命令，建议，请求时，表语从句用shouldMysuggestionisthatweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustlayingitaside.Thedoctor’sadviceisthatyoushouldlieinbedforafewdays.三，同位语从句定义：从句在句中充当同位语，用来解释说明某一名词内容的从句，总是跟在一个名词后面，该名词是先行词。同位语是对句中某一成份作进一步解释，说明，与前面的词在语法上处于同等地位的成份。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.Theproblemwhytheearthisbicomingwarmerandwarmerisstillunderdiscussion.Wordcamethathehasbeenabroad.不是所有的名词的都跟同位语，只有有一定内涵内容的名词才可以跟同位语。如advice，belief，doubt，explanation，fact，fear，feeling，hope,fact,idear,feeling，word.等。四，宾语从句(that常常可以省略)定义：从句充当宾语，位于动词或介词之后。Hesaidthathecouldn’tfinishhisworkbeforedusk.Doyouknowwhoisinchargeofthecompany?Idon’tknowwhenwewillmeetagain.Sheisalwaysthinkingofhowshecandomoreforothers.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.(介词之后的宾语从句一般用whether，而不用if)形式宾语:feel,find,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，将That从句置后。IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheparty.Weallfinditimportantthatweshouldmakeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.2)有些动词后一般不直接跟宾语从句，而补充个It,这些动词有hate,like,dislike,love,take,seeto,dependon,,relyon,enjoy,appreciate,answarfor,feellike,befondof,counton等。Itakeitthatyoudon’tagreewithme.Iwillappreciateitifyoucanhelpme.3.宾语从句的否定转移：主句动词是think，believe，imagine，suppose，consider，expect，fancy,guess等。主语是第一人称，一般现在时，从句的否定转移到主句上来。Idon’tthinkthey’llstickouttothelastminute.Idon’tsupposethat’shisfault. 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 名词性从句连接词的选择先判断从句类型，动词，be动词前面主语从句，动词介词后面宾语从句，Be后表语从句。名词后表语从句。判断从句缺什么成分：从句有及物动词，缺宾语；从句空格直接跟动词缺主语。1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact2.“IsMaryfromNewYorkCity”“Idon'tknow_______.”A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecomeC.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.WhateverThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgotItworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.whileB.thatC.ifD.ForHenrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy________.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdonesoItisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever8.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat9.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee10.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.A.If…doB.That…doC.If…doesD.That…does状语从句是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句，补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。九种状语从句及常见的引导词【时间状语从句】when,while,as,before,after,since（自从…以来）,till(until),assoonas(刚一…马上就…),once(一旦),whenever等。特殊引导词：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant=instantly,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when(1)当表示“一„„就„„”的连接词时，可以用到nosooner…than,hardly…when但是当hardly,nosooner放于句首时，主句必须部分倒装；若从句用一般过去式，主句要使用过去完成时。Nosoonerhadhesatdownthanthebellrang.HardlyhadIarrivedtherewhenitbegantorain.(2)before是高考常考的连接词，表示“在做成某事前，需要多久”，常用过去时和将来时中。如：Itwillbe2yearsbeforeweseeeachotheragain(3)till与until用法until/till的意思为直到，主句的动词使用持续性动词，如果主句为将来时或祈使句，引导的从句用一般现在时，又称为“主将从现”。句型“not…until…”意为“直到……才……”。 I’llwaithereuntil/tilltherainstops.(wait为持续性动词)MyfriendTomdidn’tcomebackuntilhefinishedhiswork.(4)not…until，强调句中，要用到Itis(was)notuntil…that…；notuntil置于句首时，需要部分倒装。Notuntilafterthewardidhereturnhome.直到战争结束，他才回家。NotuntilIcamebackhomediditbegintorain.直到我回到家天才开始下雨。=ItwasnotuntilIcamebackhomethatitbegantorain.=Itdidn’tbegintorainuntilIcamebackhome.A.谓语动词完全放到主语前，称为完全倒装；例如：Outrushedtheboy.那男孩冲了出去。B.如果只是将谓语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词移到主语前，称为部分倒装。(5)while引导的时间从句的谓语必须是延续性动词，常用进行时态。如果while表示“然而”的时候，就不是时间状语从句。(6)when除了表示“当„„时”（两个短暂性动作同时发生），还可以表示“就在那时”，在前一个动作刚结束时就发生的新动作。Ijustlockedmydoorwhenthepostmanarrived.(7)as和when一样，表示两个短暂性动作同时发生，还可表示“一边„„一边„„”“随着„”【while、when、as区别】when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用。而while作为连接副词，引导时间状语从句，侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态，只能跟延续性动词连用，从句使用进行时态。主句的动作是伴随着as从句中的动作发生的，表示引起主句的背景和条件。WhileJimwasmendinghisbike,LinTaocametoseehim.Whenweweredancing,astrangercamein.Asthetimewenton，theweathergotworse.Asmymothersangthoseoldsongs,tearsrandownhercheeks.(8)since常用的句型是：Itis(hasbeen)+时间since+过去时从句。表示从过去的某时开始持续到现在的影响。如果主句用过去时，从句则一般使用过去完成时。(9)在时间状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，那么从句需要用一般现在时（主将从现）。I'msurehewilljumpupwhenheknowsthegoodnews.(10)whenever引导时间状语从句，如Giveusacallwheneveryouneedourservice.和nomatterwhen意义一致，但nomatterwhen只能引导让步状语从句，意为“不管什么时候”。(11)时间状语从句也可用分词来表示。如Thinkingofhim,shecouldn’thelpweeping.此时thinkingofhim=whenshethoughtofhim.（2011·四川卷）Asitreported,itis100years____TsinghuaUniversitywasfounded．A．whenB．beforeC．afterD．since【地点状语从句】where和whereverwhere引导的状语从句常放谓语动词之后，没有先行词！(有了先行词就是定语从句了，所以状语从句中的where不能和inwhich等互换)wherever表示“无论什么地方”，既可引导地点状语从句，也可做让步状语从句=nomatterwhere…，引导地点状语时，它总是放主句的谓语动词后，做让步状语从句时，它总是放主句前。Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.whatIlikemostisthatyoucanuseEnglishwhereveryougointheworld.【原因状语从句】：because,as,for,since,nowthat.(1)回答why的疑问句，只能用because回答；并且强调句中，对原因状语强调时，只能用because引导，如ItwasbecauseIgotuplatethatIwaslateforclass.(2)as语气比because弱(3)since=nowthat，表“既然”，表明显的原因或事实，总是位于主句前。Nowthat具有时间概念，所引导的谓语动词多为现在时态。(4)for引导的从句只能放在主句之后，且常常用逗号隔开。还可表示把结果为原因，倒果为因的用法。Itismorningnow,forthebirdsaresinging．Itmusthaverainedlastnightforthegroundiswetthismorning.（两句中for都表结果，倒果为因）特殊引导词：seeingthat,consideringthat,giventhat(1)consideringthat=seeingthat意为“既然；”“考虑到”，consideringthatIcan'taffordanothertestfee,Imustpassitthistime.(2)所有引导原因状语的单词，都不能和so连用。（2010辽宁）TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchair_____hewantedtositnexttohiswife.A．althoughB．unlessC．becauseD．if【目的状语从句】sothat（以便）,inorderthat（以便），lest,incase,forfearthat…,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat等。lest,incase,forfearthat…意为“以防万一”，引导的目的状语从句经常要使用虚拟语气；sothat从句常放主句后，inorderthat…放在主句前或后都可以。sothat既可做目的状语从句，也可作结果状语从句。关键看是否有情态动词。1.当从句谓语动词有情态动词时，为目的状语从句Justtellmewhatsubjectyou’dlikemetotalkonsothatIcouldgetsomenotesready.2.若从句谓语不用情态动词，而多用过去时，则该句是结果状语从句。ItookanearlybussothatIgotthereintime.Wecleanedoffthefallenleaves,sothatthegardenlookedtidier.（2011·山东卷）28．Hehadhiscameraready____hesawsomethingthatwouldmakeagoodpicture．evenifB．ifonlyC．incaseD．sothat【结果状语从句】sothat,so…that,such…thatsothat做目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别，上面已经讲到了。so+形容词(副词)+that….;such+(形容词)+名词+that;so…that或such…that置于句首时，则要部分倒装。Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.SuchacolddaywasthatSundaythatwehadtostayathome.Somuchdidtheyeatthattheycouldnotmoveforthenexthour.【条件状语从句】if,unless,ifonly,as(so)longas,supposingthat,providingthat,onconditionthat,giventhatunless意为“除非，如果不”=ifnotifonly必须用虚拟语气。as(so)longas意为“只要”，没区别，但除非表示“与„„一样长”的时候，这时solongas则常用于否定句。supposingthat=supposedthat表假设providingthat=providedthat,意为“如果，只要”。onconditionthat…表示“以„为条件”。giventhat…意为“倘若考虑到„”。if条件句有时可以用祈使句或分词来替换，Thinkhard,you’llcomeupwithagoodidea.Notgivingup,youwillbeabletosucceed.条件状语从句的主句是将来时的时候，从句一般使用一般现在时。（主将从现）（2010上海）ourmanageobjectstoTom'sjoiningtheclub,weshallaccepthimasamember.A.UntilB.UnlessC.IfD.After【方式状语从句】as,asif/though,theway…。asif=asthough,“好像，仿佛”，用法相同，从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气(非真实假设)。as意为“像„„，犹如„„，正如„„”。theway意为“„„的样子”，相当于“theway(that/inwhich)…”引导的定语从句。WheninRome,doastheRomando.Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.SometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtusJackwasn’tsayinganythingbuttheteachersmiledathim____hehaddonesomethingveryclever．A.asifB.incaseC.whileD.Though【比较状语从句】这个状语从句和形容词、副词的比较级关系很大，常见的关系词有：as…as,notso/as…as,than等引导。在这种状语从句中如果谓语动词与主句一致时，或省略，或用替代词do,does,did特殊引导词：themore…themore…，nomorethanSheisasbad-temperedashermother.Sheisnotas/sobad-temperedashermother.Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours.Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradeyouwillget.Herunsfasterthantheotherstudentsdoinhisclass.Forthirtyyears,hehaddonenomorethanheneededto.表示倍数的表示法：Aistwice/threetimes…bigger/longer….thanB;Aistwice/threetimesasbig/long…asBAistwice/threetimesthesize/length/height/ageofB.请同学们写：我的年龄可是你的两倍哦。(1)(2)(3)（2010全国Ⅰ）Ihaveseldomseenmymother_______pleasedwithmyprogressassheisnow.A.soB.veryC.tooD.rather【让步状语从句】though,although,evenif,eventhough,despitethefactthat,whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however,nomatterwho/what/which/when/where/how,whether...ornot(1)as用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装，常倒装表语，副词，名词，形容词和动词。如果表语是名词，倒装时不能加任何冠词，如Teacherasheis,hecan’tinstructhisownchildwell.MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.Braveashewas,hecouldn'tfinishthisdifficulttask.MuchasIlikeyou,Idon'tloveyou.while=although，从句只能用在句首，而且不能倒装。evenif=eventhough，意为“即使”。Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.although引导的让步状语从句常放句首，不能倒装。though引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可以不倒装，句前句后都可以。despitethefactthat…=inspiteofthefactthat…意为“不管„„”。(7)whether…ornot意为“无论（是否）”Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.(8)however+形容词/副词=nomatterhow+形容词/副词….意为“无论多么„„”，Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.wh—ever等一系列连词，都可以等于nomatterwh--，但是wh—ever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。而nomatterwh—只能引导让步状语从句，绝不能引导名词性从句。Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.再如：（错）Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.（对）Whateveryousayisofnousenow.(Whateveryousay是主语从句)；再看：（错）Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey'regiven,（对）Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey'regiven.让步状语从句都不能和but连用，但有时可与yet连用。regularexerciseisveryimportant．It’sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime．A．ItB．AsC．AlthoughD．Unless【状语从句·高考真题练习】Pleasecallmysecretarytoarrangeameetingthisafternoon,or_____itisconvenienttoyou．A．wheneverB．howeverC．whicheverD．wherever2.（2011·全国新课标卷）Tryshemight,Suecouldn’tgetthedooropen．ifB．whenC．sinceD．as3.（2011·山东卷）Hehadhiscameraready______hesawsomethingthatwouldmakeagoodpicture．A．evenifB．ifonlyC．incaseD．sothat（2011·福建卷）ItwasApril29,2011PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony．thatB．whenC．sinceD．beforeThegirlhadhardlyrungthebellthedoorwasopenedsuddenly,andherfriendrushedouttogreether.beforeB.untilC.asD.sinceToshowourrespect,weusuallyhavetotakeourglovesoffwearetoshakehandswith．A．whicheverB．wheneverC．whoeverD．WhereverTheengineersaresobusythattheyhavezerotimeforoutdoorsportsactivities,__theyhavetheinterest.A.whereverB.wheneverC.evenifD.asif8.Justusethisroomforthetimebeing,andwe’llofferyoualargerone_______itbecomesavailableA.assoonasB.unlessC.asfarasD.until9.—Ourholidaycostalotofmoney.—Didit?Well,thatdoesn’tmatter___youenjoyedyourselves.aslongasB.unlessC.assoonasD.though（10全国Ⅰ）Marymadecoffee________herguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.sothatB.althoughC.whileD.asifThelittleboywon’tgotosleep______hismothertellshimastory.orB.unlessC.butD.whether（10辽宁）TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchair____hewantedtositnexttohiswife.althoughB．unlessC．becauseD．if—It’snousehavingideasonly.—Don’tworry.Petercanshowyou____toturnanideaintoanact.howB.whoC.whatD.where（10北京）theydecidewhichcollegetogoto,studentsshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures.A.AsB.WhileC.UntilD.Onceregularexerciseisveryimportant．It’sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime．ItB．AsC．AlthoughD．UnlessPleasecallmysecretarytoarrangeameetingthisafternoon,or____itisconvenienttoyou．A．wheneverB．howeverC．whicheverD．wherever17.（2011·四川卷）FrankinsistedthathewasnotasleepIhadgreatdifficultyinwakinghimup．A．whetherB．althoughC．forD．so（2011·北京卷）volleyballishermainfocus,she’salsogreatatbasketball．A．SinceB．OnceC．UnlessD．While19.（2011·四川卷）Asitreported,itis100years_______TsinghuaUniversitywasfounded．A．whenB．beforeC．afterD．since20.（2011·全国II）Itwasanicemeal,______alittleexpensive．A．thoughB．whetherC．asD．since21.（2011·陕西卷）________allofthemarestrongcandidates,onlyonewillbechosenforthepost.A．SinceB．WhileC．IfD．As22.（2011·辽宁卷）Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechthestudentsstartedcheering．A.sinceB.asC.whenD.than感谢下载!欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考