嘉应学院英语第11周自主学习资料(1)

PassageOneJustlikechildren,deeroftencrossBritishroadstogettotheotherside.Butthecostisthedeer’slife.Atnight,__1___carshitandkilltheanimals.Nowforestersareusingnaturalanimal 2 topreventdangerouscrossings.InEngland,theBritishForestryCommissionhas 3thousandsofglowingred“wolfeyes”alongwoodlandroads.Theeyesareactuallyreflectors, 4 barsliketheredreflectorsonyourbike.Theten-centimeterlongbarsarefixedontopofposts,withonlythesesignsdirectedtowardsthewoodsratherthantheroads.Whencarsspeedby,lightraysfromcarheadlightsreflectoffthereflectors’shiningsurfaceand5 intothewoods.Deerareinstantly 6bythewolfeyes---eventhoughwolveshaven’t 7 deerinBritainorevenlivedthereforahundredyears!Scientiststhinktheglowinglight 8 the“eyeshine”ofnightlybeasts.(You’veprobablyseeneyeshineoncats.Mirror-likecellsintheeyes 9 somelightthathitsthem.)Thedeermustnothave“forgotten”thatawolfcanrunupto72kmperhourin  10 pursuit, orcansniffdeeroutfrom2.4kmaway.A)scared B)installed C)plastic  D)instincts  E)speedingF)display  G)fancy   H)attracts I)flash    J)huntedK)imitates L)harmony  M)hot   N)reflect   O)instrumentsPassageTwoAbouttenmenineveryhundredsufferfromcolorblindnessinsomeway;womenareluckier,onlyaboutoneintwohundredisaffectedinthismanner.Therearedifferentformsofcolorblindness.Amanmaynotbeabletoseedeepred.Hemaythinkthatredorangeandyellowareallshadesofgreen.Sometimesapersoncannottellthedifferencebetweenblueandgreen.Inrarecasesanunluckymanmayseeeverythinginshadesofgreen----astrangeworldindeed.Incertainoccupationscolorblindnesscanbedangerousandcandidatesaretestedmostcarefully.Forexample,whenfightingatnight,soldiersuselightsofflarestosignaltoeachother.Agreenlightmaymean“Advance”andaredlightmaymean“Danger!Keepback!”Youcanseewhatwillhappenifsomebodythinksthatredisgreen!Colorblindnessinhumanbeingsisastrangethingtoexplain.Inasingleeyetherearemillionsofverysmallthingscalled“cones”.Thesehelptoseeinabrightlightandtotellthedifferencebetweencolors.Therearealsomillionsof“rods”buttheseareusedforseeingwhenitisnearlydark.Theyshowusshapebutnotcolor.Waituntilitisdarktonight,andthengooutside.Lookroundyouandtrytoseewhatcolorsyoucanrecognize.Birdsandanimalswhichhuntatnighthaveeyeswhichcontainfewornoconesatall,sotheycannotseecolors.Asfarasweknow,batsandadultowlscannotseecolorsatall,onlylightanddarkshapes.Similarlycatsanddogscannotseecolorsaswellaswecan.Insectscanseeultravioletrayswhichareinvisibletous,andsomeofthemcanevenseeXrays.Thewingsofamothmayseemgreyanddulltous,buttoinsectstheymayappearbeautiful,showingcolorswhichwecannotsee.Scientistsknowthatthereareothercolorsarounduswhichinsectscansee butwhichwecannotsee.Someinsectshavefavoritecolors.Mosquitoeslikeblue,butdonotlikeyellow.Aredlightwillnotattractinsectsbutabluelampwill.11.Amongpeoplewhosufferfromcolorblindness,_______.[A]somemayseeeverythinginshadesofgreen[B]fewcantellthedifferencebetweenblueandgreen[C]fewmaythinkthatred,orangeandyellowareallshadesofgreen[D]veryfewmaythinkthateverythingintheworldisingreen12.Whenmillionsofrodsinoureyesareatworkindarknesswecansee______.[A]colorsonly   [B]shapesandcolors[C]shapesonly[D]darknessonly13.Accordingtothepassage,batsandadultowlscannotseecolorsbecause______.[A]theyhuntatnight[B]theycannotseelight[C]theyhavenoconesandrods[D]theyhavenocones14.Accordingtothepassage,dogsandcats_______.[A]aswellashumanbeingscannotseesomecolors[B]havefewerconesthanhumanbeings[C]havelessrodsthanhumanbeings[D]canseecolorsaswellashumanbeings15.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutinsects?[A]Insectscanseemorecolorsthanhumanbeings.[B]Insectscanseeultravioletrayswhichareinvisibletomen.[C]Allinsectshavetheirfavoritecolors.[D]Theworldismorecolorfultoinsectsthantohumanbeings.PassageThreeElectriccarsaredirty.Infact,notonlyaretheydirty,theymightevenbemoredirtythantheirgasoline-poweredcousins.PeopleinCalifornialovetotalkabout“zero-emissionsvehicles”,butpeopleinCaliforniaseemtobecluelessaboutwhereelectricitycomesfrom.Powerplantsmostallusefiretomakeit.Asidefromthefewfolkswhohavetheirroofscoveredwithsolarcells,wegetourelectricityfromgenerators.Generatorsarefueledbysomething----usuallycoal,oil,butalsobyheatgeneratedinnuclearpowerplants.Thereareafewwindfarmsandgeothermalplantsaswell,butbyfarwegetelectricitymainlybyburningsomething.Inotherwords,those“zero-emissions”carsarelikelycoal-burningcars.It’sjustthecoalisburnedsomewhereelsesoitlooksclean.Itisnot.It’sasiftheCaliforniaGreensarecoveringtheireyes----”IfIcan’tseeit,it’snothappening.”Gasolineisanincrediblyefficientwaytopoweravehicle;agallonofgashasalotofenergyinit.Butwhenyoutakethatgas(oranotherfuel)andfirstuseittomakeelectricity,youwasteanicepartofthatenergy,mostlyintheformofwastedheat----atthegenerator,throughthetransmissionlines,etc.Agallonofgasmaypropelyourcar25miles.Buttheelectricityyougetfromthatgallonofgaswon’tgetyounearlyasfar----soelectriccarsburnmorefuelthangas-poweredones.Ifourelectricitycamemostlyfromnukes,orgeothermal,orhydro,orsolar,orwind,thenanelectriccartrulywouldbeclean.Butforpolitical,technical,andeconomicreasons,wedon’tusemuchofthoseenergysources.Inaddition,electriccars’batterieswhicharepoisonousforalongtimewilleventuallyendupinalandfill.Andfinally,whencarsarethepolluters,thepollutionisspreadacrossalltheroads.Whenit’sapowerplant,though,allthejunkisinoneplace.Natureisverygoodatcleaningupwhenthingsarenottooconcentrated,butittakesalotlongerwhenallthegarbageisinonespot.16.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplace“becluelessabout”inPara.2?[A]Befamiliarwith.[B]Becuriousabout.[C]Showtheirinterestin.[D]Failtounderstand.17.WhatcanwelearnabouttheCaliforniaGreensfromtheiridea“IfIcan’tit,it’snothappening”?[A]Theydonotknowthosecleancarsarelikelycoal-burningcars.[B]Theydobelievethecoalisburnedsomewhereelsesoitlooksclean.[C]Theytendtoholdthatelectricityisanicepartofenergy.[D]Theytendtomaintainthatgasolineisagoodwaytorunavehicle.18.Theelectricitywegetfromagallonofgasmaymakeourcarrun_______.[A]notlessthan25miles[B]morethan25miles[C]nolessthan25miles[D]lessthan25miles19.Comparedwithcarsusinggas,electriccarsaremore______.[A]environmentally-friendly[B]expensive[C]efficient[D]harmful20.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.[A]beinggreenisgoodandshouldbeencouragedincommunications[B]electriccarsarenotcleaninthatwegetelectricitymainlybyburningsomething[C]zero-emissionsvehiclesshouldbechosentoprotectourenvironment[D]electriccarsarenowthedominantvehiclecomparedwithgasoline-poweredcousins