化合物英文命名规则

NomenclatureofInorganicCompounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头，前缀Suffix词尾，后缀Stem词根）〔.TrivialNames俗名H2Owater不说dihydrogenoxideNH3ammonia不说nitrogentrihydrideCaOquicklimeCaCO3limestone2.SystematicNomenclature系统命名1）  Oxide氧化物  先命名非氧元素ZnOzincoxideCaOcalciumoxideCOcarbonoxideNa2O2sodiumperoxideH2O2hydrogenperoxide注：peroxide过氧化物2）  Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba（OH）2bariumhydroxideKOHpotassiumhydroxide3）  Acid酸Hydroacid氢酸Generalformula通式：HnX命名：hydro-stemofX-icacidH2Shydrosulfuricacid（英）hydrosulphuric（美）氢硫酸S:sulfur（英）、sulphur（美）HBr氢溴酸hydrobromicacidBr:bromineHCl氢氯酸（盐酸）hydrochloricacidCl:chlorineHF氢氟酸hydrofluoricacidF:fluorineOxoacidorOxyacid含氧酸Generalformula通式：HnXOm命名：StemofX-icacid注：oxo-（oxy-）含氧，氧代H2SO4sulfuricacid（英）sulphuricacid（美）H2CO3carbonicacidH3PO4phosphoricacidP:phosphorusH3BO3boricacidB:boronHNO3nitricacidN:nitrogenIfXhastwooxidationstates:-ic:thehigheroxidationstate-ous：theloweroxidationstateH2SO4sulfuricacidH2SO3sulfurousacid1/5HNO3nitricacidHNO2nitrousacidIfX（suchashalogens）hasmorethantwooxidationstates:halogen卤素per-（过，高）-ic:thestillhigheroxidationstatehypo-（次，在,下）-ous:thestillloweroxidationstateHClO3chloricacidHClO2chlorousacidHClO4perchloricacidHClOhypochlorousacidHIOhypoiodousacid4)Salt盐Generalformula通式：MnXm命名：NameofMstemofX-ide(-ide,化物)Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKIpotassiumiodideAI2S3aluminumsulfideLiHlithiumhydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐NamethemetalionfirstandthentheanionNaminganions:-ateanionsderivedfromthe-icacid(thehigheroxidationstateofX)-iteanionsderivedfromthe-ousacid(theloweroxidationstateofX)HNO3nitricacidNaNO3sodiumnitrateHNO2nitrousacidNaNO2sodiumnitriteSO42-sulfateSO32-sulfiteAgClO4silverperchlorateNaIO3sodiumiodateKClO2potassiumchloriteKBrOpotassiumhypobromiteMnO42-manganateMnO4-permanganateAcidsalt酸式盐Using  “hydrogen”tospecify“H"NaHSO4sodiumhydrogensulfateNaH2PO4sodiumdihydrogenphosphateNa2HPO4disodiumhydrogenphosphateP:phosphorusphosphate磷酸盐(根)Usingprefixbi-nameofanionifonlyoneacidsaltexistsNaHSO4sodiumbisulfateNaHSO3sodiumbisulfiteKHCO3potassiumbicarbonate5)Metals(M)withmorethanoneoxidationstate2/5Twomethods:①后缀法：早期使用stemofM-icthehigheroxidationstateofMstemofM-oustheloweroxidationstateofMHgI2mercuriciodideHg2I2mercurousiodideHg:mercuryCr2chromousCr3chromicCr:chromium注:Inmostcases,LatinstemisusedifthemetalhassymbolderivedfromitsLatinname.(mercuryisanexception)Cu:cuprum(拉丁),copper(英)CucuprousCu2cupricCuIcuprousiodideCuScupricsulfideSn:stannum(拉丁),tin(英)SnCl2stannouschlorideSnO2stannicoxideFe:ferrum(拉丁),iron(英)Fe(OH)2ferroushydroxideFeBr3ferricbromide②UPACRule1957年开始使用Englishnameofmetal(Romannumeral)CuBrcopper(I)bromideCuF2copper(II)fluorideSnOtin(II)oxideSnS2tin(IV)sulfideFe(NO3)2iron(II)nitrateFe2(SO4)3iron(HI)sulfateUseGreekprefixes希腊文前缀Mon(o)—di二tri三tetr(a)四pent(a)五hex(a)六hepta七octa八nona九1.tospecifythenumberofeachatominthechemicalformula.NO2nitrogendioxidePCl5phosphoruspentachlorideCO2carbondioxide2.tospecifythenumberofidenticalcentralatomsincondensedacidsandtheircorrespondinganions.condensedacid缩酸H3PO4(mono［phosphoricacidH4P2O7diphosphoricacid3/5H2SO4sulfuricacidH2S3O10trisulfuricacidCrO42-铬酸盐(根)chromateCr2O72-重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3.toindicateextentofsubstitutionPO43-phosphatePS2O23-dithiophosphatethio-硫代”硫的，含硫的注：Theprefixesortho-andmeta-havebeenusedtodistinguishacidsdifferinginthe“contentofwater.”ortho-［希腊词头］正、原(无机酸用)邻(位)  (有机化合物命名)meta-［希腊词头］偏(无机酸用)间(位)(有机化合物命名)ortho-acid原酸；meta-acid偏酸H3BO3orthoboricacid(orboricacid)(原)硼酸(HBO3)nmetaboricacid偏硼酸H4SiO4orthosilicicacid(orsilicicacid)原硅酸H2SiO3metasilicicacid硅酸(习惯上不叫偏硅酸)H3PO4orthophosphoricacid(orphosphoricacid)(正)磷酸(HPO3)nmetaphosphoricacid偏磷酸