ap物理c练习题2012

精品文档ap物理c练习 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 2012198FreeResponseQuestionsThesematerialswereproducedbyEducationalTestingService?,whichdevelopsandadministerstheexaminationsoftheAdvancedPlacementProgramfortheCollegeBoard.TheCollegeBoardandEducationalTestingServicearededicatedtotheprincipleofequalopportunity,andtheirprograms,services,andemploymentpoliciesareguidedbythatprinciple.TheCollegeBoardisanationalnonprofitmembershipassociationdedicatedtopreparing,inspiring,andconnectingstudentstocollegeandopportunity.Foundedin1900,theassociationiscomposedofmorethan,200schools,colleges,universities,andothereducationalorganizations.Eachyear,theCollegeBoardservesoverthreemillionstudentsandtheirparents,2,000highschools,and,500colleges,throughmajorprogramsandservicesincollegeadmission,guidance,assessment,financialaid,eollment,andteachingandlearning.Amongitsbest-knownprogramsaretheSAT?,thePSAT/NMSQT?,andtheAdvancedPlacementProgram?.TheCollegeBoard1/19精品文档iscommittedtotheprinciplesofequityandexcellence,andthatcommitmentisembodiedinallofitsprograms,services,activities,andconcerns.APIELisatrademarkownedbytheCollegeEntranceExaminationBoard.PSAT/NMSQTisaregisteredtrademarkjointlyownedbytheCollegeEntranceExaminationBoardandtheNationalMeritScholarshipCorporation.EducationalTestingServiceandETSareregisteredtrademarksofEducationalTestingService.1985M1.Aprojectileislaunchedfromthetopofacliffabovelevelground.Atlaunchtheprojectileismetersabovethebaseofthecliffandhasavelocityof0meterspersecondatanangle7?withthehorizontal.Airresistanceisnegligible.Considerthefollowingtwocasesanduseg=10m/s2,sin7?=0.60,andcos7?=0.80.CaseI:Theprojectilefollowsthepathshownbythecurvedlineinthefollowingdiagram.a.b.c.2/19精品文档CalculatethetotaltimefromlaunchuntiltheprojectilehitsthegroundatpointC.CalculatethehorizontaldistanceRthattheprojectiletravelsbeforeithitstheground.CalculatethespeedoftheprojectileatpointsA,BandC.CaseII:AsmallinternalchargeexplodesatpointBintheabovediagram,causingtheprojectiletoseparateintotwopartsofmasseskilogramsand10kilograms.Theexplosiveforceoneachpartishorizontalandintheplaneofthetrajectory.The-kilogrammassstrikesthegroundatpointD,located0metersbeyondpointC,wheretheprojectilewouldhavelandedhaditnotexplodedThe10-kilogrammassstrikesthegroundatpointE.d.CalculatethedistancexfromCtoE.1985M2.Anapparatustodeterminecoefficientsoffrictionisshownabove.Theboxisslowlyrotatedcounterclockwise.Whentheboxmakesanangle?withthehorizontal,theblockofmassmjuststartstoslide,andatthisinstanttheboxisstoppedfromrotating.Thusatangle?,theblockslidesadistanced,hits3/19精品文档thespringofforceconstantk,andcompressesthespringadistancexbeforecomingtorest.Intermsofthegivenquantities,deriveanexpressionforeachofthefollowing.a.?sthecoefficientofstaticfriction.b.?E,thelossintotalmechanicalenergyoftheblock-springsystemfromthestartoftheblockdowntheinclinetothemomentatwhichitcomestorestonthecompressedspring.c.?k,thecoefficientofkineticfriction.1985M3.Apulleyofmassmandradiusrismountedonfrictionlessbearingsandsupportedbyastandofmassmatrestonatableasshownabove.Themomentofinertiaofthispulleyaboutitsaxisis1.5mr2.Passingoverthepulleyisamasslesscordsupportingablockofmassmontheleftandablockofmassmontheright.Thecorddoesnotsliponthepulley,soaftertheblock-pulleysystemisreleasedfromrest,thepulleybeginstorotate.a.Onthediagramsbelow,drawandlabelalltheforces4/19精品文档actingoneachblock.b.Usethesymbolsidentifiedinparttowriteeachofthefollowing.i.Theequationsoftranslationalmotionforeachofthetwoblocksii.Theanalogousequationfortherotationalmotionofthepulleyc.Solvetheequationsinpartfortheaccelerationofthetwoblocks.d.Determinethetensioninthesegmentofthecordattachedtotheblockofmassm.e.Determinethenormalforceexertedontheapparatusbythetablewhiletheblocksareinmotion.1985E1.Acapacitorconsistingofconductingcoaxialcylindersofradiiaandb,respectively,andlengthLisconnectedtoasourceofemf,asshownabove.Whenthecapacitorischarged,theinnercylinderhasachargeQonit.Neglectendeffectsandassumethattheregionbetweenthecylindersisfilledwithair.Expressyouranswersintermsofthegivenquantities.a.UseGauss'slawtodetermineanexpressionfor5/19精品文档theelectricfieldatadistancerfromtheaxisofthecylinderwhereab.Determinethepotentialdifferencebetweenthecylinders.c.DeterminethecapacitanceCoofthecapacitor.Onethirdofthelengthofthecapacitoristhenfilledwithadielectricofdielectricconstantk=,asshowninthefollowingdiagram.d.DeterminethenewcapacitanceCintermsofCo.AP?PhysicsC197FreeResponseQuestionsThesematerialswereproducedbyEducationalTestingService?,whichdevelopsandadministerstheexaminationsoftheAdvancedPlacementProgramfortheCollegeBoard.TheCollegeBoardandEducationalTestingServicearededicatedtotheprincipleofequalopportunity,andtheirprograms,services,andemploymentpoliciesareguidedbythatprinciple.TheCollegeBoardisanationalnonprofitmembershipassociationdedicatedtopreparing,inspiring,andconnectingstudentstocollegeandopportunity.Foundedin1900,theassociationis6/19精品文档composedofmorethan,200schools,colleges,universities,andothereducationalorganizations.Eachyear,theCollegeBoardservesoverthreemillionstudentsandtheirparents,2,000highschools,and,500colleges,throughmajorprogramsandservicesincollegeadmission,guidance,assessment,financialaid,eollment,andteachingandlearning.Amongitsbest-knownprogramsaretheSAT?,thePSAT/NMSQT?,andtheAdvancedPlacementProgram?.TheCollegeBoardiscommittedtotheprinciplesofequityandexcellence,andthatcommitmentisembodiedinallofitsprograms,services,activities,andconcerns.APIELisatrademarkownedbytheCollegeEntranceExaminationBoard.PSAT/NMSQTisaregisteredtrademarkjointlyownedbytheCollegeEntranceExaminationBoardandtheNationalMeritScholarshipCorporation.EducationalTestingServiceandETSareregisteredtrademarksofEducationalTestingService.1979M1.Aballofmassmisreleasedfromrestatadistancehaboveafrictionlessplaneinclinedatanangleof5?tothehorizontalasshownabove.TheballbounceselasticallyofftheplaneatpointP1and7/19精品文档strikestheplaneagainatpointP2.Intermsofgandhdetermineeachofthefollowingquantities:a.ThevelocityoftheballjustafteritfirstbouncesofftheplaneatP1.b.ThetimetheballisinflightbetweenpointsP1andP2.c.ThedistanceLalongtheplanefromP1toP2.d.ThespeedoftheballjustbeforeitstrikestheplaneatP2.1979M2.AferryboatofmassM1=.0x10kilogramsmovestowardadockingbumperofmassMthatcutsoffitsenginestothetimeitfirstcomestorestaftercollidingwiththebumper.Attheinstantithitsthebumper,t=0andv=meterspersecond.a.Aftercollidinginelasticallywiththebumper,theferryboatandbumpermovetogetherwithaninitialspeedofmeterspersecond.CalculatethemassofthebumperM2.b.Aftercolliding,theferryboatandbumpermovewithaspeedgivenbytheexpressionv=e-4t.Althoughtheboatnevercomespreciselytorest,ittravelsonly8/19精品文档afinitedistance.Calculatethatdistance.c.Whiletheferryboatwasbeingslowedbywaterresistancebeforehittingthebumper,itsspeedwasgivenby1/v=1/?t,where?isaconstant.Findanexpressionfortheretardingforceofthewaterontheboatasafunctionofspeed.1979M3.Amassmconstrainedtomoveonafrictionlesshorizontalsurfaceisattachedtoafrictionlesspegbyamasslessspringhavingforceconstantk.Theunstretchedlengthofthespringisl1,asshowninFigure1.Whenthemassmovesinacircleaboutthepegwithconstantangularvelocity?o.thelengthofthespringislasshowninFigure.Expressyouranswerstopartsa,b,andcintermsofm,k,?oandl1.a.Determinethelengthl2b.AssumethetotalenergyofthesysteminFigure1iszero.DeterminethetotalenergyoftherotatingsysteminFigure.c.Determinethemagnitudeoftheangularmomentumofthesystem.d.Whilethemassisrotatingaboutthepegwith9/19精品文档angularvelocity?o,itisstruckbyahammerthatprovidesasmallimpulsedirectedinward.Ontheaxesbelow,sketchgraphstoindicatequalitativelythemannerinwhichthelengthofthespringlandtheangularvelocity?willvarywithtimeinthesubsequentmotion.1979E1.Asolidconductingsphereofradiusaissurroundedbyahollowconductingshellofinnerradiusbandouterradiuscasshownabove.ThesphereandtheshelleachhaveachargeQ.Expressyouranswerstoparts,andintermsofQ,a,b,c,andtheCoulomb'slawconstant.a.UsingGauss'slaw,deriveanexpressionfortheelectricfieldmagnitudeatadistancefromthecenterofthesolidsphere.b.Writeexpressionsfortheelectricfieldmagnitudeatr>c,bgivenforstatementsofthecorrectexpressions.Itisnotnecessarytoshowyourworkonthispart.c.thesolidsphere.Ed.potentialViszeroatr=?.)V10/19精品文档e.DeterminethePotentialatr=b.1979E2.Aslabofinfinitelengthandinfinitewidthhasathicknessd.PointP1isapointinsidetheslabatx=aandpointPisapointinsidetheslabatx=-a.Forpartsandconsidertheslabtobenonconductingwithuniformchargeperunitvolume?asshown.a.SketchvectorsrepresentingtheelectricfieldEatpointsP1andPonthefollowingdiagram.b.UseGauss'slawandsymmetryargumentstodeterminethemagnitudeofEatpointPl.jdirectedoutofthepageasshownbelow.c.SketchvectorsrepresentingthemagneticfieldBatpointsP1andPonthefollowingdiagram.d.UseAmpere’slawandsymmetryargumentstodeterminethemagnitudeofBatpointP1.NewtonianMechanics牛顿力学、占整个PhysicsC力学考试的100%其中:A.Kinematics:运动学占18%包括:矢量的概念:既有大小，又有方向;矢量代数:11/19精品文档矢量和的三角形法则是必须熟练掌握的，最简单的记忆 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 就是花萌萌面对两段直的折线路径，她会选择直接连接出发点和终点的直线捷径，这样构成了一个矢量和三角形。矢量的点乘A?B=ABcosΘ和叉乘:,A×B,=,ABsinΘ,，Θ为矢量A和B的夹角。矢量的加减，点乘和叉乘，是矢量分析的基础，是我们学习AP物理C的基本数学框架一定要熟练掌握。矢量在直角坐标系中的分量,特别强调的是物理上只会用“右手系”，也就是从X轴到Y轴的右手螺旋拇指指向Z轴，这个和叉乘的定义是一样的，好记～有了ta，大家在学电磁学的时候就不用左右手的拧麻花了。AP物理C还需要掌握柱坐标和球坐标，这在需要柱对称和球对称的积分问题时，就很有用了。运动学中要用到的三大矢量:位移、速度和加速度，速率和前面的概念搞混了，后两个概念是标量，只有在一些特殊情况下才和对应矢量的模相等。一维运动:一维运动的矢量性就记住有正负的方向就行，对于一维匀加速直线运动，务必掌握其最重要的三个方程:第一求速度的公式，角标i和f总是代 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 初和末，这个公式只要从匀加速度等于平均加速度的定义就可以得到:12/19精品文档第二个求位移的公式:，这个公式可以理解为保持初速度的匀速运动位移和初速为零的匀加速运动位移之和第三个公式是把前面两个公式消去变量?t，得:更方便的记忆方法是公式左边用牛顿第二定律F=ma，变成外力做功的形式:F?x,左边多出来的2/m转到右边，右边就正好得到物体动能的变化。二维运动第一类问题是抛射体运动，抛射体运动由于可以在直角坐标系中进行矢量分解，所以也就是水平方向的匀速运动和垂直方向的匀加速运动第二类问题是相对运动，关键的公式是:物体相对于地的速度等于相对于地参考系的速度加上物体相对于参考系的速度，特别注意以上的公式是矢量和。第三类问题是匀速圆周运动，特别注意这里的匀速是指匀速率，速度的方向总是在变的，这种运动加速度永远指向圆心，所以也叫向心加速度，大小为V2/R,其角速度的定义为:ω=2π/TB.Newton’slawsofmotion1.Staticequilibrium第一定律:如果物体受的外力之和为零，TA将保持静止或者匀速直线运动状态。第一定律是静力学的基础，画好受力分析图是王道，这应该是中国学生的强项13/19精品文档2.Dynamicsofasingleparticle第二定律F=ma用来列出物体的动力学方程，画对受力分析图仍然是重中之重，在这里，斜坡上物体受力问题，是出题者的最爱。特别强调在非惯性系中，需要考虑等效引力这一项，AP考试也很容易碰到。3.Systemsoftwoormoreobjects第三定律，物体施力和物体受到的反作用力大小相等方向相反，这是下面推导多物体系统动量和角动量守恒的基础。C.Work,energy,power1.Workandwork–energytheorem:做功的概念F??S，外力对物体做功等于物体的机械能的改变。2.Forcesandpotentialenergy:保守力和势能的概念，正是因为保守力场做的功和具体的路径无关，只和等势面有关，才有了势能的概念，所以重力场有势能的概念。3.Conservationofenergy:机械能守恒定律，把前面的功能定理回想一遍，如果外力只有保守力:重力，那么ta做的功，就可以认为是物体势能的变化，因此，总的机械能，就是势能加动能，将守恒，这是非常爱考的内容，不管是高考还是AP。4.PowerD.Systemsofparticles,linearmomentum1.Centerofmass，特别是要会用微积分求质心:14/19精品文档Xc=?Xdm/?dm。2.Impulseandmomentum:冲量定理，物体所受外力冲量F?t等于其动量改变?P，注意，这是一个矢量方程，当然，这个方程直接可以从牛顿第二定律得到F=?P/?t，但是动量的概念要比力的概念在物理学中应用范围要大得多，特别是在量子力学中。3.Conservationoflinearmomentum,collisions:对于一个多体问题，内力的冲量和都抵消了，如果哪个方向上再没有外力，系统的总动量自然守恒。所以，动量守恒定律在无摩擦的碰撞问题上特别有用，别看ta只占总分的12%，但几乎是每次必考。E.Circularmotionandrotation1.Uniformcircularmotion:前面运动学讲了匀速圆周运动，有向心加速度V2/R，在这里，你只要关心神马力给出的这个向心加速度，动力学方程就出来了F=mV2/R，不用再提醒用牛顿第二定律了吧,2.Torqueandrotationalstatics:力矩的概念τ=r×F，物体保持不转动静止状态也需要外力矩之和为零，需要画物体的力矩分析图。3、Rotationalkinematicsanddynamics:开始建立转动惯量的概念，I=?r2dm，理解和质量类似，转动惯量I是衡量物体转动惯性的物理量，有了转动惯量的概念，我15/19精品文档们就可以理解，对于转动来说，力矩和角速度的时间变化率成正比τ=Idω/dt.4、Angularmomentumanditsconservation:转动中很重要的概念就是角动量L=r×p=Iω，这可以和动量的概念mv类比，同样角动量的概念不仅在经典力学，在量子力学中的地位也特别重要。如果对于某个定轴来说:力矩之和为零自然能得到角动量守恒的结论。F.Oscillationsandgravitation1.Simpleharmonicmotion:简谐振动，从动力学方程出发，能够得到类似这样的微分方程，解为，都归为简谐振动。2.Massonaspring:弹簧上的物体，当然，这个弹簧力满足胡克定律F=-k?x，其动力学方程会导致前面说的简谐振动。3.Pendulumandotheroscillations:单摆和其他简谐振动，很有趣的是，他们的运动方程就是一个匀速圆周运动在x轴上的投影x=Acos,所以其中的圆频率和匀速圆周运动的角速度定义完全一样ω=2π/T。4.Newton’slawofgravity:牛顿万有引力定律:引力与物体的质量成正比，和其距离的平方成反比F=GM1M2/R2。5.Orbitsofplanetsandsatellites:从牛顿的万16/19精品文档有引力定律结合牛顿第二定律，得到天体运动的动力学方程，可以解出卫星和行星的轨道方程。a.Circular:圆形轨道，相当于匀速圆周运动，引力即为向心力。b(General:一般的情形，求解天地运动的动力学方程，可以得到天体运动的椭圆轨道、双曲轨道或抛物线轨道。相互吸引的两个星体系统是机械能守恒的，相对于M，我们可以得到m的速率。AP物理C电磁ElectricityandMagnetism电磁学，要占100%其中:A.Electrostatics1.ChargeandCoulomb’slaw富兰克林是如何冒着生命的危险连接闪电的电荷，得到了正负的概念。库伦定律F=kq1q2/r2，貌似牛顿的万有引力，到目前为止，自然界发现的远距相互作用，都是和距离的平方成反比的，费曼曾经想讨论这里面有什么必然联系,但没有结果)2.Electricfieldandelectricpotential;电压的概念，就是单位正电荷在两点之间的电势差，注意单位正电荷从1到2的电势差一般写17/19精品文档为V=V1-V2，没有在V之前写Δ是因为Δ一般在物理上表示末态减初态，而电势差不是)3、高斯定律:4、几种电荷分布的电场和电势:AP物理C爱考的是几种对称分布，比如:球形、柱形、平板型，在求积分的时候不仅会用到直角坐标系，也会用到球坐标系和柱坐标系更方便。B.Conductors,capacitors,dielectrics1.Electrostaticswithconductors2.Capacitorsa.Capacitanceb.Parallelplate距离是d，两板之间电势差为V，其电容为C=Q/V=ε0A/d,ε0为真空介电常数)c.Sphericalandcylindrical3、dielectricsC.Electriccircuits1.Current,resistance,powera.Steadystateb.TransientsinRCcircuitsD.MagneticFields1.Forcesonmovingchargesinmagneticfields2.Forcesoncurrent-carryingwiresinmagneticfields18/19精品文档3.Fieldsoflongcurrent-carryingwires4、Biot–SavartlawandAmpere’slawE.Electromagnetism1.Electromagneticinduction(法拉第19/19