灌砂法使用说明书(英文)

INSTRUCTIONMANUALFORSAND-CONEMETHODDENSITYTEST(SAND-CONEMETHOD)1.PurposeandRangeofApplicationThetestisappliedtothefoundationcourse(orsubbasecourse)offieldmeasurement,densityandcompactnessofcompactedlayerofvariousmaterialsinfoundationearthlayerofthesand-gravelsurfaceroad.Itisalsoappliedtothedensityandcompactnessofasphalticsurfacetreatmentandasphalt-injectedsurfacing.Butit’snotallowedtoapplytothecompactnessofmacroscopicvoidormacrovoid.Itshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements:(1)Whenthemaximumparticlediameterofbasematerialislessthan15mmandthethicknessofmeasuredcourseisnotexceed150mm,it’sprefertouse100mmindiametersmall-sizedsand-conebarreltotest.(2)Whenthemaximumparticlediameterofbasematerialisequaltoorgreaterthan15mmbutlessthan40mmandthethicknessofmeasuredcourseisexceed150mmbutnotexceed200mm，itshalluse150mmindiametermacro-sizedsand-conebarreltotest.2.InstrumentsandMaterials Sand-conebarrel,metalcalibrationcan,baseplate,sand(0.30~0.60mmor0.25~0.50mmindiameterofcleananddryuniformsand)20~40g.3.MethodandProcedures(1)Demarcatethemassofsandsinconebottomedofthesand-conebarrel(2)Demarcatetheunitmassofquantitativesands(3)Putthesand-conebarrelfilledwithquantitativesands(M5)onthecircularholeofbaseplate,andturnonaswitchofsand-conebarrelsoastonotmakethesandsflowintothehollowspaceuntilthesandsstopflowing.Thentakesand-conebarreldownandweigh(M6)1gsandsaccurately.(4)Weighthequality(Mw)ofallmaterialsinexperimentalhole.(5)Takethetypicalsampleoutofallmaterialsdugup,andtestthemoisturecontent(ω%).Asthetestusedbysmallsand-conebarrel,finegrainedsoilsshallnotbelightthan100gandmediumgrainedsoilshallnotbelightthan500g.Asthetestusedbysmallsand-conebarrel,finegrainedsoilsshallnotbelightthan200gandmediumgrainedsoilshallnotbelightthan1000g,thenweighthequalityofcoarse-grainedsoilorinorganicbindingstablematerialwhichshallnotbelightthan2000g.(6)Putthebaseplateontheexperimentalholeandsand-conebarrelshallbeplacedinthemiddleofbaseplate.Turnontheswitchofsand-conebarrelsoastonotmakethesandsflowintothehollowspaceuntilthesandsstopflowing.Weighthequalityofsands(M4)inthebarrel.(7)Iftheroughpartofcleanedflatsurfaceisnotlarge,itcouldomitthestep3.Whentheexperimentalholeisfinished,weputitontheexperimentalholedirectlyanddon'tneedtoaddbaseplate.Turnontheswitchofsand-conebarrel.Ultimately,weighthequality(M4')oftherestsands.4.Calculation(1)thequalityofsandsusedtofilltheexperimentalhole:Whenputthebaseplateontheexperimentalholeasfillingthesands,Mb=M1－M4-(M5-M6)Whennotputthebaseplateontheexperimentalholeasfillingthesands,Mb=M1－M4'-M2Mb--thequality(g)ofsandsasfillingtheexperimentalholeM1--thequality(g)ofsandsinthebarrelbeforefillingthebarrel.M2--thequality(g)ofsandsintheconebottomedofthesand-conebarrel(2)Wetunitweightofthematerialsintheexperimentalhole:ρw=Mw*γs/MbMw--thequality(g)ofallmaterialstakenoutoftheexperimentalhole,ys--theunitquality(g/cm^)ofsands(3)Drydensity(ρd)ofthematerialsintheexperimentalhole:ρd=ρw/(10.01ω)ω--themoisturecontentofthematerialsintheexperimentalholeWhenthematerialintheexperimentalholeistheinorganicbindingstablematerial,5.Thedrydensityshallbecorrectedto0.1g/cm^3Relativedensity:procedures(1)Takeonesampleintocleanenamelledplate,addwaterintoit.Thewatersurfaceshallbehigherthansample2cm.Stirthesoilsamplecarefullysoastoexpelbubblefromsoilsample.(2)Holdthebasketbyliftinghookofthebalanceandimmerseitintooverflowlaunder.Thendon'tinjectwaterintheoverflowlaunderuntilthewatersurfacereachtheheightoftheoverflowhole.Calibratebalancetozerograduation.(3)Adjustthewatertemperaturebetween15℃－25℃.Shiftthesampleintobasket.Keepthewatersurfaceofoverflowlaunderbyoverflowhole.Weighthewater-inqualityofsands(mw).(4)Liftthebasketandthendrainthewaterslightly.Pourthesampleintolow-cutenamelledplate,orpourthesoilsampleintowrung-outwettoweldirectly.(5)Askeptindrysurface,weighthequality(mf)ofdrysurfaceofsampleinnegativetemperatureimmediately.(6)Putthesampleonthelow-cutplateandthenplacethemintothebakingchamberset105℃±5℃todryinconstantweight.Takeoutthelow-cutplateandputitintocontainerwithcovertocoolatroomtemperature.Weighthedryqualityofsoilsample.(7)Testonsamestandardsoilsampletwiceinparallelway.Usetheaveragevalueastheresult.ⅰγb=ma/(mf-mw)γb－relativedensityofbulkvolumeofthesoilsamplemf－thesurfacedryqualityofthesamplemw－thewater-inqualityofthesamplema－theovendryqualityofthesampleρb=γb*ρTorρb=(γb－αT)*ρwρb－thedensity(g/cm^3)ofbulkvolumeofthesoilsampleρT－thewaterdensityattheexperimentaltemperatureTαT－thecoefficientfortemperaturecorrectionattheexperimentaltemperatureTⅱGraingroupingandengineeringclassificationofsoilKnow:granularity,materialcompositionanditspresentation;StokesLawthesizeofsoilgrainiscalledgranularitythematerialcompositionofsoilistherelativequalityofallkindsofdifferentgraingroup(presentbypercentageofthedrysoilquality).Itcanbeusedtodescribethedistributioncharacterofdifferentdiameterofgrain.Presentationinfollowingmethod:schedulemethod,summationcurvemethod,triangularcoordinatemethodSimilar:gradingindexofsoilgrain,CuCc;sizeofgrainandgraingroupingnonconformitycoefficientCu=d10/d60coefficientofcurvature(orcalledgradingcoefficient)Cc=d302/d10×d60Master:classificationandnamingofsoilengineering(currentTestSpecificationsofHighwayandConstruction);assayingofgrain(1)HighwayBridgeGroundworkandBasicDesignSpecifications(JTJ024-85)BasicdesignSpecificationsofconstructiongroundwork(GB-500007-2002)EngineeringclassificationfromSpecificationsofGeotechnicalEngineeringInvestigation(GB-50021-2001)(2)SoilsortsinroadbedfoundationfromDesignSpecificationsofHighwayandGroundwork(JTJ013-95)(3)EngineeringclassificationofsoilfromTestSpecificationsofConstruction(SL237-1999)oftheMinistryofWaterResourcesandPower(4)EngineeringclassificationofsoilfromTestSpecificationsofHighwayandConstruction(JTJ051-93)CurrentengineeringclassificationofsoilfromTestSpecificationsofHighwayandConstruction("classification"forshort)issuitabletoidentification,naminganddescriptionofsoilforhighwayconstructionsoastoproceedthequalitativeevaluationofsoil;soilClassificationshallbeinaccordancewithsoilgraincharacteristic,soilplasticityindexincludinglimitofliquidandplasticandsituationoforganicmatterinsoil;the"classification"shallbeconfirmeachgraincontentaccordingtosievingmethod(T0115-93);itconfirmsthelimitofliquidandplasticbyliquid-plasticlimitcombinedmethod(T0118-93);thesituationoforganicmattershallbedistinguishedinaccordancewiththeSpecification2.4.8.