幼师英语Unit 8 儿童的艺术发展

Unit8Children’sAestheticDevelopment儿童的艺术开展PracticeforChildren`sEnglishTeachingSkills1、Playthefollowinggameforchildren.2、Readtheexpressionsforclassroommanagement3、Readthefollowingstory4、Readthefollowingrhymes5、Readthefollowingchants6、Singthefollowingsong1、Playthefollowinggameforchildren.ComeWithMother〔跟着妈妈来〕Teacherpretendstobemotherhorseandinvitethe“colts〞tofollowheraroundtheroomasshegallopsandplays.Continuebytakingtherolesofothermotheranimalssuchasacat,ahen,orasheep,andaskchildrentoactasbabiesanddotheactions.2、Readtheexpressionforclassroommanagement我们来玩一个猜谜游戏。Let’splayaguessinggame.（3）（4）游戏的名字叫…。Thenameofthegameis…./Thegameiscalled….（5）谁想要玩游戏？Whowantstoplayagame?游戏的名字叫…。Thenameofthegameis…./Thegameiscalled….(8)石头、剪刀、布。Paper,scissors,stone.(9)闭上眼睛，不能偷看。Closeyoueyesandnopeeking!(10)准备好了吗？开始。Areyouready?Go!(11)你们丢了一分。Youloseapoint.(12)你只能做坐下去了。Youhavetositdown.(13)真遗憾！Whatapity！(14)胜利了。Winner,winner,yeah,yeah,yeah.(15)你赢了。Youarethewinner.(16)最快的队赢。Thefastestteamwins.(17)我把你们分成两队。I’lldivideyouintotwoteams.(22)要再玩一次游戏吗？Canweplaythegameoncemore?/Canwedoitagain?(23)游戏结束了。胜利者可以得到粘纸。Gamesareover.Winnerscanownstickers.(24)祝你下次好运。Betterlucknexttime.3、ReadthefollowingstoryTheStoryaboutPingOnceuponatimetherewasabeautifulyoungducknamedPing.Pinglivedwithhismotherandhisfatherandtwosistersandthreebrothersandelevenauntsandsevenunclesandforty-twocousins.TheirhomewasaboatwithtwowiseeyesontheYangtzeriver.Eachmorningasthesunrosefromtheeast,Pingandhismotherandhisfatherandsistersandbrothersandauntsandunclesandforty-twocousinsallmarched,onebyone,downalittlebridgetotheshoreoftheYangtzeriver.FirstAlldaytheywouldhuntforsnailsandlittlefishandotherpleasanttingstoeat.Butintheeveningasthesunsetinthewest,“La-la-la-lei!〞wouldcalltheMasteroftheboat.QuicklyPingandallhismanyfamilywouldcomescurrying,quicklytheywouldmarch,onebyone,upoverthelittlebridgeandontothewise-eyedboatwhichwastheirhomeontheYangtzeriver.Pingwasalwayscareful,veryverycarefulnottobelast,becausethelastducktocrossoverthebridgealwaysgotaspankontheback.Butoneafternoonastheshadowsgrewlong,PingdidnothearthecallbecauseatthatmomentPingwaswrongsideuptryingtocatchalittlefish.BythetimePingwasrightsideuphismotherandhisfatherandhisauntswerealreadymarching,onebyone,upoverthebridge.BythetimePingreachtheshorethelastofhisforty-twocousinshadcrossedthebridge!Pingknewhewouldbethelast,theverylastduckifhecrossedthebridge.Pingdidnotwanttobespanked.Sohedid.Pinghidbehindthegrasses,andasthedarkcameandthepalemoonshoneintheskyPingwatchedthewise-eyedboatslowlysailawaydowntheYangtzeriver.Therewasnofatherormother,nosisterorbrothers,noauntsoruncles,andnoforty-twocousinstogofishingwithPing,soPingstartouttofindthem,swimmingdowntheyellowwatersoftheYangtzeriver.Asthesunrosehigherinthesky,boatscame.Bigboatsandlittleboats,fishingboatsandbeggars’boats,houseboatsandraftboats,andalltheseboatshadeyestoseewith,butnowherecouldPingseethewise-eyedboatwhichwashishome.AllnightlongPingsleptnearthegrassesonthebankoftheriverwithhisheadtuckedunderhiswing,andwhenthesunroseupfromtheeastPingfoundhewasallaloneontheYangtzeriver.Therewasnofatherormother,nosistersorbrothers,nounclesoraunts,andnoforty-twocousionstogofishingwithPing,soPingstartedtofindthem,swimmingdowntheyellowwatersoftheYangtzeriver.Asthesunrosehigherinthesky,boatscame.Bigboatsandlittleboats,fishingboats,andlittleboats,fishingboats,andbeggars’boats,houseboatsandraftboats,andalltheseboatshadeyestoseewith,butnowherecouldPingseethewise-eyedboatwhichwashishome.Therecameaboatfullofstrangedarkfishingbirds.PingsawthemdivingforfishfortheirMaster.AseachbirdbroughtafishtohisMasterhewouldgivealittlepieceoffishforpay.CloserandcloserswoopedthefishingbirdsnearPing.NowPingcouldseeshinningringsaroundtheirnecks,ringsofmetalmadesotightthebirdscouldneverswallowthebigfishtheywerecatching.Swoop,splash,theringedbirdsweredashinghereandthereallaboutPingsodownheduckedandswamundertheyellowwateroftheYangtzeriver.WhenPingcameuptothetopofthewaterfarawayfromthefishingbird,hefoundlittlecrumbsfloating,tenderlittlericecakecrumbswhichmadeapathtoahouseboat.AsPingatethesecrumbs,hecamenearerandnearertothehouseboat,then-SPLASH!Thereinthewaterwasaboy!AlittleboywithabarrelonhisbackwhichwastiedtoaropefromtheboatjustasallboatboysontheYangtzeriverwastiedtotheirboats.IntheBoy’shandwasaricecake.“Oh-owwwooo!〞criedthelittleBoyandupdashedPingandsnatchedatthericecake.QuicklytheBoygrabbedPingandheldhimtight.“Quack-quack-quack-quack!〞criedPing.“OH!---Ohh----ooo!〞yelledthelittleboy,PingandthelittleboymadesuchasplashingandsuchanoisethattheBoy’sfathercamerunningandtheBoy’smothercamerunningandtheBoy’ssisterandbrothercamerunningandtheyalllookedovertheedgeoftheboatatPingandtheboysplashinginthewateroftheYangtzeriver.ThentheBoy’sfatherandmotherpulledattheropewhichwastiedtothebarrelonthelittleBoy’sback.AlldaylongPingcouldseeonlythethinlinesofsunwhichshonethroughthecracksinthebasket,andPingwasverysad.AfteralongwhilePingheardthesoundofoarsandfeltthejerk,jerk,jerkoftheboatasitwasroweddowntheYangtzeriver.Soonthelinesofsunshinewhichcamethroughthecracksofthebasketturnedrosecolor,andPingknewthesunwassettinginthewest.Pingheardfootstepscomingneartohim.Thebasketwasquicklylifted,andthelittleBoy’shandswereholdingPing.Quickly,quietly,theBoydroppedPingoverthesideoftheboatandPingslippedintothewater,thebeautifulyellowwateroftheYangtzeriver.Pinglookedandtherenearthebankoftheriverwasthewise-eyedboatwhichwasPing’shome,andPingsawhismotherandhisfatherandhisauntsallmarching,onebyone,upoverthelittlebridge.SwiftlyPingturnedandswam,paddlingtowardtheshore.NowPingcouldseehisunclesmarching,onebyone.Paddle,Paddle,Pinghurriedtowardtheshore.Pingsawhiscousionsmarching,onebyone.Paddle,Paddle,Pingnearedtheshore,but—AsPingreachedtheshorethelastofPing’sforty-twocousionsmarchedoverthebridgeandPingknewthathewasLATEagain!ButupmarchedPing,upoverthelittlebridgeandSPANKcamethespankonPing’sback!ThenatlastPingwasbackwithhismotherandhisfatherandtwosistersandthreebrothersandelevenauntsandsevenunclesandforty-twocousins.Homeagainonthewise-eyedboatontheYangtzeriver.4、ReadthefollowingrhymesIntheFarmyard〔在农场〕InthefarmyardAndtheendoftheday,ListentowhatTheanimalssay.Thecowsays,“Moo.〞Thepigeon,“Coo.〞Thesheepsays,“Baa.〞Thelambsays,“Maa.〞Thehen,“cluck,cluck.〞“Quack,〞saystheduck.Thedog,“Bow-wow.〞Thecat,“Meow.〞ThenthebarnIscloseduptight,AndthefarmerSays,“Goodnight.〞Animal’sNeck〔动物的脖子〕Agiraffehasaverylongneck,Withspitsallupanddown.Mydoggyhasafurryneck,Withacollarthatgoesallaround.Afishhasaverysmoothneck,Withscalesthataresoshiny.Youcan’tseeanant’sneck,becauseitissotiny.TwoBabySheep〔两只小绵羊〕Twobabysheepwerebornonthefarm.Eachworeawoolycoattokeepthemwarm.Thebrother’snamewasJacob,Thesister’snamewasJean.Theybothlikedtonibbleontheclovesogreen.Gobble,Gobble〔咯咯叫〕Aturkeyisafunnybird,Hisheadgoeswobble,wobble,Andheknowsjustoneword,Gobble,gobble,gobble.FiveLittleFishes〔五条小鱼〕Fivelittlefishiesswimminginapool,Firstonesaid,“Thepooliscool.〞Secondonesaid,“Thepoolisdeep.〞Thirdonesaid,“Iwanttosleep.〞Fourthonesaid,“Let’sdiveanddip.〞Fifthonesaid,“Ispyaship.〞Fisherman’sboatcomes,Linegoesker-splash,Awaythefivelittlefishiesdash.AnimalPoem〔动物歌〕I’malittlekitty,Ilovetotippytoe.Won’tyoudoitwithme?Readynow,let’sgo. I’malittlerabbit,Ilovetohop,hop,hop.Comeonanddoitwithme.It’sfun,we’llneverstop.I’magreatbigelephant,Itakebigstepssoslow.I’dlovetohaveyoujoinme,Readynow?Let’sgo.I’malittledog,Ilovetorunandrun.Ifyouwoulddoitwithme,Wecouldhavesuchfun.5、ReadthefollowingchantsTwoLittleBlackbirds〔两只小八哥〕Twolittleblackbirdssittingonahill.OnenamedJack,andonenamedJill.Flyaway,Jack.Flyaway,Jill.Comeback,Jack.Comeback,Jill.Caterpillar〔毛毛虫〕Caterpillar,Caterpillar.Crawl,crawl,crawl.Closeyoureyesandgotosleep.Wakeup,wakeup.Spreadyourarms.Butterfly,butterfly.Flyaway.TeddyBear〔泰迪熊〕TeddyBear,TeddyBear,turnaround,TeddyBear,TeddyBear,touchground,TeddyBear,TeddyBear,showyourshoe,TeddyBear,TeddyBear,thatwilldo!FiveLittleMonkeys〔五只小猴〕Fivelittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.Onefelloffandbumpedhishead.Mamacalledthedoctorandthedoctorsaid,“Nomorelittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.〞 Fourlittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.Onefelloffandbumpedhishead.Mamacalledthedoctorandthedoctorsaid,“Nomorelittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.〞Threelittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.Onefelloffandbumpedhishead.Mamacalledthedoctorandthedoctorsaid,“Nomorelittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.〞 Twolittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.Onefelloffandbumpedhishead.Mamacalledthedoctorandthedoctorsaid,“Nomorelittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.〞Onelittlemonkeyjumpingonthebed.Hefelloffandbumpedhishead.Mamacalledthedoctorandthedoctorsaid,“Nomorelittlemonkeyjumpingonthebed.〞BearHunt〔捉熊〕I’mgoingonabearhunt.Iseeaswamp.Can’tgounderit,Can’tgooverit,Havetogothroughit.Slush,slush,slush,slush,slush.I’mgoingonabearhunt.Iseeabridge.Can’tgounderit.Can’tgothroughit.Havetogooverit.Thump,thump,thump,thump,thump.I’mgoingonabearhunt.Iseeastream.Can’tgounderit.Havetogooverit.Havetogothroughit.Splash,splash,splash,splash,splash.I’mgoingonabearhunt.Iseeatree.Can’tgounderit.Can’tgooverit,Havetoclimbit.I’mgoingonabearhunt.Iseeacave.Let’sclimbdown.Down,down,down,down,down.Let’sgointhecave.Ifeelsomething.Ifeelsomethingfurry.Itfeelslikeabear.Itlookslikeabear.Itisabear! Up!Down!Splash,splash,splash.Thump,thump,thump.Slush,slush,slush.Woo!6、SingthefollowingsongTheEensyWeensySpider〔小蜘蛛〕Questionsfortextdiscussionelementn.要素,元素sensitivityn.敏感度,灵敏度responsivenessn.响应能力响,作出响应awarenessn.意识，认识emergevi.显现,浮现actuallyadv.实际上,事实上preferencen.偏爱,explorativeadj.探究的,探险的unfoldv.展开,翻开;显露,展现sensorialadj.知觉的,感觉的discriminatev.区别,featuren.特征,特色;面貌的一局部(如眼,鼻,口等)measurementn.测量,度量mathematicaladj.数学的expressiveadj.表达的,有表现力的,brushvt.刷,画bulletinn.公告boardn.木板refrigeratorn.电冰箱artworkn.艺术品,美术品processn.过程productn.产品,作品containvt.包含,容纳pasten.浆糊,面团squeezev.压榨,挤榨patv.轻拍poundvt.重击,捣烂clayn.粘土,泥土,havetodowith与…有关ratherthan而不是；宁可…也不愿placeemphasison重视；强调Children’sAestheticDevelopmentThebasicelementsofaestheticdevelopmentaresensitivityandresponsivenesstobeautyinoursurroundings,especiallyofnatureandart.Thedevelopmentofaestheticawarenessemergeswhenchildrenfeelpleasureintheirexpressions,findnewwaystoenjoytasks,usetheirimaginations,andexplorenewanddifferentobjects.Thewordaestheticactuallyhastodowithrespondingtoourenvironmentthroughoursenses.Usingsomeorallofthesensestoparticipateinartactivitiesallowschildrentodeveloppreferencesforcolor,form,shapeandsound,andalsoallowschildren’sexplorativeandcreativeabilitiestounfold.Anactivityaboutthecolorsfoundintheoutdoorsincreasesawarenessofcolorsinnature.Aschildrenwonder,explore,anddiscover,theyenhancetheirsensorialskillstodiscriminatethefeaturesintheirsurroundings.Appropriateartactivitiesencouragerelaxation,exploration,andpleasure.Childrenbenefitfromartexperienceswhenactivitiesaresuitable.Childrenwhoengageinartexperiencesdevelopconceptsinothercurriculumareas.Wallpaintinginvolvesmeasurementtasksthatgivechildrenastarttohavemathematicalconcepts.Childrenwhoareallowedtobeexpressivethroughartaremorelikelytohavepositivefeelingsaboutthemselvesandothersastheytogetherbrushpaintonthesamepaper.Bulletinboardsandhomerefrigeratorsarethebestplacestoputontheartworks.Teachersshouldencourageappreciationfortheprocessratherthanthefinalproduct.Theprocesscontainsthewaythatchildrenexpressthemselves,explorethepaste,andmovethepaintbrushacrossthepaper.Squeezing,pulling,patting,pounding,androllingclayorhanging,collecting,andpaintingaremoreimportanttothechildren’sdevelopmentthanthefinalproduct.Asateacherofyoungchildren,youneedtoplaceemphasisonoperation,exploration,andexpression.1、Thebasicelementsofaestheticdevelopmentaresensitivityandresponsivenesstobeautyinoursurroundings,especiallyofnatureandart.艺术开展的根本元素是对环境中美的敏感度和反响，特别是在自然和艺术环境中。especiallyofnatureandart在of前省略了inthesurroundings。2.Thewordaestheticactuallyhastodowithrespondingtoourenvironmentthroughoursenses.艺术这个词其实是与我们通过感官对环境作出的反应有关。havetodowith与…有关e.g.Thebookhastodowithcomputers.那本书与计算机有关。3.Usingsomeorallofthesensestoparticipateinartactivitiesallowschildrentodeveloppreferencesforcolor,form,shapeandsound,…用一些或所有感官来参与艺术活动让儿童对颜色，形式，形状和声音产生喜爱，…preferencefor对…偏爱e.g.Apolarbearhasapreferenceforcoldweather.北极熊喜欢寒冷的天气。Headmittedastrongpreferenceforthisproduct.他成认对这个产品有强烈的偏爱。4.…allowschildren’sexplorativeandcreativeabilitiestounfold.…让儿童的探究和创造能力得以展现。unfoldv.展开,翻开;显露,展现e.g.Heunfoldedamap.他摊开地图。Thestoryunfoldsasthefilmgoeson.情节随着影片的进展逐步展开。Asthemistcleared,amostbeautifulviewunfoldedbeforetheireyes.薄雾散去,美丽的景色逐渐呈现在他们的眼前。5.Anactivityaboutthecolorsfoundintheoutdoors…在户外找颜色的活动…foundintheoutdoors是过去分词作定语，修饰thecolors。6.…discriminatethefeaturesintheirsurroundings.…区别周围事物的特征。featuren.特征,特色;.面貌的一局部(如眼、鼻、口等)e.g.Theisland’schieffeaturewasitsbeauty.这个岛的主要特色是风景秀丽。Hereyesareherbestfeature.她的眼睛是她容貌最美的一局部vt.以…为特色,是…特征e.g.Round-the-clockservicefeaturesthisstore.日夜效劳是这家商店的特色。Themagazineisfeaturinghisarticles.这杂志正在特载他的文章。7.Childrenbenefitfromartexperienceswhenactivitiesaresuitable.当活动适宜时，儿童受益于艺术的体验。〔1〕benefitvt.有益于，对…有好处e.g.Thatwasahealthprogrammetobenefiteveryone.那是一项对人人都有好处的健康方案。Thenewhospitalwillbenefittheentirecommunity.新医院将有益于整个社区。〔2〕vi.受益，得到好处(常与by，from连用):e.g.Manyofthepoorbenefitfromsocialprogrammes.许多穷人都从社会工程中获益。Neitherofthembenefitedbywhathadhappened.他俩谁也没从发生的事情中得益。〔3〕n.利益，好处e.g.Thebooksisofgreatbenefittostudents.那本书对学生们很有好处。8.Childrenwhoengageinartexperiencesdevelopconceptsinothercurriculumareas.参加艺术体验的儿童开展了其他课程领域的概念。engagein从事；参加：e.g.Idon‘tengagemyselfinsuchaffairs.我不参与这种事情。Onlythoseanimalsthatactivelyengageinlearningcangettokeepthenewcells.只有那些积极从事学习的动物才能保存住这些新细胞。beengagedin忙于，从事于：e.g.Hehasbeenengagedintextilebusinessformanyyears.他从事纺织品生意已有多年了。10.Teachersshouldencourageappreciationfortheprocessratherthanthefinalproduct.教师应鼓励对过程的欣赏而非最终的作品。ratherthan而不是，与其…倒不如…e.g.Weaimatqualityratherthanquantity.我们的目的在于质量而不在于数量。Theseshoesarecomfortableratherthanpretty.这些鞋与其说漂亮还不如说舒服。11.…youneedtoplaceemphasisonoperation,exploration,andexpression.…你需要重视操作，探究和表达。place/put/layemphasison重视；强调e.g.Weshouldplaceemphasisonthisproblem.我们应当强调这个问题。Weputemphasisonthefriendlyrelationbetweenthepeopleofallcountries.我们强调各国人民之间的友好关系。Torealizethestablegrowthofeconomy,wemustlayemphasisonbotheconomicbenefitsandsocialbenefits.要实现经济稳步增长，我们必须强调经济利益和社会利益的同时并举。DyslexiaDyslexiaisaproblemthatinterfereswiththeabilitytorecognizewordsandconnectsoundswithletterswhenpeopleread.Peoplewiththislearningdisordermayalsohaveproblemswhentheywrite.Dyslexiaisnotrelatedtoeyesightorintelligence.Theprobleminvolvesareasofthebrainthatprocesslanguage.Brainscientistsarestudyingwhethertheycanpredictwhichyoungchildrenmaystrugglewithreading,inordertoprovideearlyhelp.JohnGabrieliattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyisleadingastudyoffive-year-oldsinabouttwentyschoolsintheBostonarea.Theypartnerwithschoolsthathavekindergartens.Andinthisstudywhattheydois,forallthechildrenwhoseparentspermitthemtoparticipate,theygivethemabriefsetofpaper-and-pencilteststolookatwhichchildrenappeartobeatsomeriskforstrugglingtoread.　Sofar,fiftyofthekindergartenershavebeenexaminedinamachinethatshowsbrainactivity.ThegoalistostudyfivehundredchildrenusingfMRI,orfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging.Thescannerusesahigh-energymagneticfieldandradiowavesto"look"insidethebody.Writtentestsarenotalwaysabletoidentifydyslexiaorotherproblems.ProfessorGabrielisayschildrencandifferalotintheirabilitiesfromdaytoday.Hesaysbrainscansmayofferamorescientificwaytoidentifyproblems.Andwithreadingproblems,earlyidentificationisimportant.Readingproblemsarenotusuallyidentifieduntilachildisinthethirdorfourthgrade.Thelongerthewaitbeforechildrenarerecognizedaspoorreaders,hesays,thelesstheseinterventionscanhelp.And,asProfessorGabrielipointsout,poorreadingcanmakeeducationastruggle.Duringthebrainimaging,thechildrenaregiventasksrelatedtoreading.Theyworkwithlettersandsoundsoflanguage.Thebrainscansmeasuretheextenttowhichcertainpartsofthebrainbecomeactivewhilethechildrendothework.Theneuroscientistssaytheyarepleasedwithearlyresultsfromthestudy,buthavealotmoreworktodo.阅读障碍阅读障碍是在人阅读时，干扰识字能力，干扰文字与语音结合的一种病。患上这种学习障碍的人也会有书写障碍，阅读障碍与视力或智力无关，与大脑内处理语言的区域有关。脑科科学家在研究是否能预测儿童有阅读问题，从而提供及早的帮助。在波士顿区的20多所学校里，麻省理工学院的JohnGabrieli领导一项针对5岁儿童的研究。他们跟有开设幼儿园的学校合作，经父母许可，对孩子们进行简短的书面测试，看哪些孩子有阅读障碍的可能。目前，已经有50所幼儿园使用显示大脑活动的仪器进行了检查，目的是用磁共振成像对500名儿童进行研究。这台脑扫描仪器使用高能磁场和无线电波做身体内部检查。笔试不总是能诊断出诵读障碍等问题，Gabrieli教授说，儿童的能力每天都会有很大差异，大脑扫描提供一个诊断问题的更科学途径，对诵读障碍来说，尽早发现非常重要。通常，阅读障碍要在孩子上3或4年级时才能识别出，孩子被鉴别出阅读困难之前的时间越长，干预的效果就越差。Gabrieli博士还说，对阅读困难的孩子来说，接受教育会很艰难。在大脑成像过程中，会给孩子们布置诵读相关的任务，他们做字母游戏并读出字母的发音。脑扫描会测量孩子此时大脑特定区域的活泼程度。神经科学家表示，他们对这项研究的早期成果很满意，但还有很多工作要做。