必修五UnitGreatscientistsExtensivereading[课件]

人教课标版高二必修5Unit1MatchthepeoplewiththeirachievementDaVinciDonQuixoteGalileoHamletCervantesFreeFallExperimentShakespeareMonaLisaCopernicus哥白尼(NicolausCopernicus,1473-1543),波兰天文学家、日心说创立者,近代天文学的奠基人。哥白尼经过长期的天文观测和研究,创立了更为科学的宇宙结构体系——日心说,从此否定了在西方统治达一千多年的地心说。日心说经历了艰苦的斗争后,才为人们所接受,这是天文学上一次伟大的革命,不仅引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新,而且从根本上动摇了欧洲中世纪宗教神学的理论支柱。“从此自然科学便开始从神学中解放出来”,“科学的发展从此便大踏步前进”（恩格斯《自然辩证法》）。哥白尼著有阐述日心说的《天体运行论》(1543年出版),由于受到时代的局限,在日心说中保留了所谓“完美的”圆形轨道等论点。其后开普勒建立行星运动三定律,牛顿发现万有引力定律，以及行星光行差、视差相继发现,日心说遂建立在更加稳固的科学基础上。WeallknowsomethingaboutCopernicus.Hewasoneofthefirstscientiststousemathematicalobservationstocollectinformation.Hebelievedthesunisthecenteroftheuniverseandtheearthandotherplanetsgoesaroundit.ThechartonP.7showshistheory.Pre-readingCopernicus’RevolutionaryTheoryBirth:February19,1473Death:May24,1543PlaceofBirth:Toruń,PolandCareer:1491-1494StudiedmathematicsatKrakówAcademy1496WenttoItalytostudyastronomyandlawattheUniversityofBolognaNicolasCopernicus1497BeganobservationsoftheSun,Moon,andplanets1514WroteCommentariolus,anoutlineofhisastronomicalideas,butdidnotcirculateitwidely1543PublishedDeRevolutionibusOrbiumCoelestium(OntheRevolutionsoftheCelestial)AtCopernicus’time,ChristianChurchwasinchargeofmanywesterncountries.TReadthroughthepassage,andtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.3.Copernicusdidn’tshowhisnewtheorytohisfriendsuntilhecompletedit.4.Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas.TF2.Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth,someplanetsappearsinfrontoforbehindtheearth.F5.SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChurch,Copernicuspublishedhisbookassoonashefinishedworkingonit.6.Newton,Einstein,andHawkingareallscientistswhomadecontributiontothestudyoftheuniverse.FTReadcarefullyagainandtrytodrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniverse.ShowingCopernicus’theoryBeforeCopernicus’theoryAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeEarthatitscentreAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeSunatitscentreAnalyzethefollowingpicturecarefullyandtrytoexplainhowaloopisformed.DearNicolausCopernicus,IamastudentstudyingastronomyandIwouldverymuchliketoreadyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Ihopeyouwillpublishitforseveralreasons.Samplewriting(P7)Iunderstandtheproblemswiththepresenttheory.Thewaytheplanetsmoveisnotwhatyouwouldexpectiftheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverse.Itisalsooddthatthebrightnessofsomestarsseemstochange.SoIagreewithyouthatweneedanewtheory.Iknowyourobservationshavebeenverycarefullycarriedoutovermanyyears.Nowyoumusthavethecouragetopublishthem.Sciencecanneveradvanceunlesspeoplehavethecourageoftheirbeliefs.Iknowyouworryaboutwhatwillhappenifyoupublishyournewtheory.Nomatterhowpeopleopposeit,timewillshowwhetheryourideasarerightorwrong.SoIhopeyouwillfeelyoucanpublishyournewtheory.Yourssincerely,(yourname)1).MaoZedongisthegreatleaderoftheChineseR_________.evolutionLanguagepoints1.Fillintheblanketswithproperwords.2).TheInventionofthecomputercausedar________inourwayofliving.evolution3).SunZhongsanisagreatr___________leader.4).YuanLongpingcreatedar___________newwayofgrowingrice.evolutionaryevolutionary2.leadto:toresultin导致Yourcarelessnesswillleadtothetroubleinthefuture.cigarettedeathaccidentlossmistakeresignscandalfireleadto1).tohaveaclearmeaningNomatterhowItriedtoreadit,thesentencedidn'tmakesense.Itmakessensetotakecareofyourhealth.2).tobewisecourseofaction3.makesense4.complete;competea.Theyfoundthemselves__________withforeigncompaniesforashareofthemarket.b.Thebuildingtooktwoandahalfyearsto________.competingcomplete5.spinspunspinatopaspinningcoinaspinningwheelspunspinningWespanthecointoseewhowouldhavefirstturn.Ispunaroundtoseewhohadspoken.6.enthusiastic:beinterestedinShe’svery______________________singing.Weexplainourplan,andheisvery___________.enthusiasticabout/overenthusiasticenthusiasticenthusiasmenthusiasticallySheshowsboundless__________forthework.Shegreetedhim_____________withakiss.Sheisvery__________aboutEasternmusic.enthusiasmenthusiasticallyenthusiastic7.cautious:carefultoavoidriskbecautiousabout/ofsb./sth.cautiouslyTheguardwarnedmetobecautiousaboutstrangers.Thebankisverycautiousaboutlendingmoney.Myfatherisaverycautiousdriver.银行在贷款方面十分慎重。警卫告戒我要当心陌生人。我的爸爸是一位非常谨慎的司机。cautious;curiousa.I’vealwaysbeenvery_______aboutgivingmyaddresstostrangers.b.Heisvery_______abouttheoriginofmankind.cautiouscurious8.Ifyoudon’tlikeTom,youmayr_____hisgift.Ifyoudon’tthinkthesuggestionissuitableforyou,youmayr____it.ejectejectrejectanofferapossibilityatheoryrefusetoacceptrejectedcandidateapplicant请选用方框内所给词的适当形式填空。Tomdreamedofjoiningthearmywhenhewasveryyoung.Hewasvery_______andmadeaplantostudyhard.Hewas__________abouttheplan.Butwhenhewasabout16,hegotabadillness.Becauseofthis,hewas________inhisstudiesandalsohewas_______bythearmy.backward;complete;enthusiastic;cautious;rejectcautiousenthusiasticbackwardrejectedHewassosadthathealmostfaintedatthenews.Hisparentssuggestedtohimthathehaveotherchoices.Thenhefollowedhisparents’adviceanddecidedtogotothewesttohelpthosepoorstudentsafterhe__________hisstudiesinthecollege.backward;complete;enthusiastic;cautious;rejectcompleted用适当的介词填空。1.Thequarrelled__thefightingbetweenthetwovillagers.2.Heisalwayspositive_____tryingnewideas.3.Hisfatherisverystrict____himandstrict__hisstudiestoo.toaboutwithin4.Weshouldbaseourtheory__fact.5.Thephotocallsupthememoryofhischildhood__times.6.Accordingtomypoint__view,weshouldsticktoourplan.onatofReadingtaskonP44What’sEuler’spuzzle?Koningsbergisanislandandthereisariverbreakingitintotwoparts.“SevenBridgesofKonigsberg”andthefamous“Eulerpath”.Peoplewonderediftheycouldwalkaroundthecitybycrossingthesevenbridgeswithoutgoingoveranyofthemtwiceorgoingbackonhimself,butEulerfoundhecouldn’tcrossallthesevenones.ThisisEuler’spuzzle.Thefirststageinhisresearchistofindtheproblemthathecouldcrosssixofthebridgeswithoutgoingoveranyofthemtwiceorgoingbackonhimself,buthecouldn’tcrossallseven.HowdidEulerprepareforhisresearch?Thesecondstageistothinkofamethod:Hedrewamapanduseddotsandlinestosimplifyhisanalysis.Tryingandobservingoverandoveragain,hefoundageneralrule.Itistopology.Euler’stheoryiscalled“TheEulerpath”,whichisexpressedlikethis:Ifafigurehasmorethantwooddpoints,youcannotgooveritwithoutliftingyourpencilfromthepageorgoingoveralinetwice.Whatarethetheories?SothegeneralrulethatEulerfoundistheevenpointsandtheoddpoints.Lookatthefollowingpictures:ConclusionEuler’stheory(一笔画)可以一笔画只有两种情况：1.没有奇数顶点。2.只有两个奇数顶点。