2018年中考英语知识点总复习 八大时态课件

时态的分组 一般 现在时：谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数 过去时：谓语用动词的过去式 将来时：谓语用will/be going to+动词原形 现在 进行时：谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词 完成时：谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词 过去 进行时：谓语用were/was+动词的过去分词 完成时：谓语用had+动词的过去分词 将来时：谓语用would或was/were going to+动词原形 Warm-up He always _____ to school by bus. A. go B. went C. goes D. is going 解析：这句话的意思是他经常坐巴士去上学。句子中出现了一般现在时的标志词always，主语是he，所以要用第三人称单数。选C。 * 一般现在时： 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作，存在的状态, 或说明主语的特征。 ①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 与一般现在时连用的时间状语: ※表频率：never， always，often，usually，sometimes， once a year, twice a month等。 ※表时间： on Sundays，on Monday afternoon，every day，in the morning，every year等。 e.g. 他每天早上七点起床。 e.g. Leif经常在他的厕所唱歌。 He ______ up at 7 o’clock every day. Leif always ______ in her bathroom. gets sings 时态详解 ② 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态，一般不加状语。 e.g. 地球绕着太阳转。 The earth ________ around the sun. e.g. 他开车开得很慢。 He ________ very slowly. e.g. 我妈妈不是很高兴。 My mother ______ very pleased turns drives isn’t 时态详解 ③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的（将要发生的）事情, 用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。 e.g. 开往厦门的火车将会在早上八点出发。 The train for Xiamen ________ at 8 o’clock in the morning. e.g. 海豚秀将会在20分钟后开始。 The dolphin show _______ in twenty minutes. leaves begins 时态详解 ④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导), 用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子中可以有将来时间。 e.g. 请你一到澳大利亚就给我打电话。 Please ring me as soon as you ______ in Australia. 如果明天不下雨我们就必须去欢乐谷。 We must go to Happy Valley if it _______ rain tomorrow. arrive doesn’t Warm-up We _____ the farmers with the apple picking last week. A. will help B. help C. helped D. are helping 解析：这句话的意思是我们上星期帮助农民摘苹果。句子中出现了一般过去时的时间标志词last week，显然用过去式。选C。 * 时态详解 一般过去时： 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态, 可以是一次性的也可以是经常性的。 ①表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时。 时间标志词: ※ at eight ，ten minutes ago, yesterday, last week, 2 years ago, in 1995, in the past, the other day, at that time, just now等。 ※when 引导的时间状语从句 e.g. 他刚刚才到家。 He _______ at home just now. e.g. 我今早六点就醒来了。 I __________ at six this morning. e.g. 昨晚当Evan睡着了他爸爸才回来。 When Evan fall asleep his father _______ back. arrived woke up came 时态详解 ② 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事。 e.g. 刘阿姨的儿子在年轻的时候从来不打篮球。 Aunt Liu’s child never _______ basketball when he was young. 时间状语: ※ last…, in…, from…to…, for+时间段,often, usually, sometimes, always, never等。 ※when 引导的时间状语从句 e.g.我昨天很难过因为我没吃早餐。 I _____sad yesterday because I didn’t have my breakfast. played was 时态详解 got gotten went gone ate eaten did done said said took taken gave given came come bought bought 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 get go eat do say take give come buy Warm-up There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be 解析：这句话的意思是明天晚上动物园将会有一场海豚秀。句子中出现了将来时的时间标志词tomorrow，海豚秀是在计划之内的事情，所以要用句型be going to，选D。 * 时态详解 一般将来时：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 ① 时间标志词 ： tomorrow, this (afternoon),next (year),one day, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, in+一段时间 ② 结构：主语+ will/ be going to / shall + 动词原形 ③ 注意啦：be going to 与will 的区别 There _____ two meetings tomorrow afternoon. are going to be B. is going to have C. is going to be D. will have Warm-up —Alan, it’s late. Why not go to bed? — Jenny hasn’t come back yet. I _______ for her. A. waited B. have waited C. am waiting D. was waiting 解析：句意“艾伦，很晚了，为什么还不睡？”“詹妮还没有回来。 我_____她”。语境分析，艾伦现在是正在等詹妮回来。应用现在进行时态。故选C。 --What were you doing this time yesterday? --We ____on the grass and drawing a picture. A.sit B. sat C. was sitting D. were sitting 解析：此题我们应该看到时间标志词，this time yesterday, 因此应该是过去进行时态，故选D。 * 时态详解 现在进行时：现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 过去进行时：表示过去正在发生的动作。 ① 时间标志词（现在进行时） ： now, look, listen （过去进行时）：when, while, at 8:00 yesterday ② 结构：主语+ be 动词（am, is, are/ was, were）+ doing ③ 注意啦：有几个词可以用现在进行时表将来。 -- Lucy! Would you like to give me a hand? -- OK. I _______. will come B. come C. am coming D. would come Warm-up -- Lucy, ____ you ____ your ticket? -- Not yet. A. did; find B. have; found C. has; found D. do; find 解析：这句话的意思是你找到你的票了吗？从回答中的yet可以得知要用现在完成时态。故选C。 * 时态详解 现在完成时：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 ① 时间标志词 ： already, just, yet, ever, never, so far(till now/up to now), recently, in the past 3 years, before, since+时间点,for+时间段 ② 结构：主语+ have/ has + done 用法：1) 有影响： I have finished my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了。 2) 表持续： I have stayed here for an hour. 我已经在这待了半小时了。 瞬间动词 & 延续性动词 若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下： 1.The film began 5 minutes ago. 2.They left an hour ago. 3.The man died a week ago. 4.He joined the club 3 days ago. 5.They got married 10 years ago. 6.He came here an hour ago. 7.Jack got home 2 hours ago. 8.Mum opened the door just now. 9.I borrowed the book a week ago. 10.I bought the car a year ago. The film___ ___ ___ for 5 minutes. They____ ____ ____for an hour. The man___ ____ ____ for a week. He___ ____ ___the club for 3 days. They____ ____ _______for 10 years. He___ ____ here since an hour ago. Jack____ _____ home for 2 hours. The door____ ______open for a while. I____ _____the book for a week. I____ ____the car since a year ago. has been on have been away has been dead has been in have been married has been has been has been have kept have had Warm-up By the time I got to the cinema, the movie _______ for ten minutes. A. had begun B. had been on C. has started D. has been on 解析：这句话的意思是，当我抵达电影院的时候，电影已经开始十分钟了。从前半句的by the time中可以得知，这是过去完成时态，发生在过去的过去，而后接的是时间段，所以要用延续性动词。故选B。 * 时态详解 过去完成时：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。 ① 时间标志词: by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…), by the time… ② 结构：主语+ had+ done 注意啦：过去完成时常用于宾语从句、after引导的从句,或者从句是before引导的主句中。 e.g. After I ____ _____ (put) on my shoes and hat, I walked into the darkness. 穿上鞋子和帽子之后，我走向了黑暗。 had put Warm-up He asked if I _______ stay here. A. would B. will C. am going to D. was going to 解析：这句话的意思是，他问我是否会留下来。宾语从句中主句为过去式则从句必须为相对应的过去时，根据句意要用过去将来时，故选A。 * 时态详解 过去将来时：表示从过去某一时间看将来发生或预计将要的动作或存在的状态。 ① 时间标志词: later, soon, the next (day) ② 结构：主语+ would + 动词原形 注意啦：过去将来时常由于宾语从句中 Tom told me (that) he ___________ (go) swimming the next day. would go 时态小结 概念 结构 时间状语 一般现在时 表示经常、反复发生的动作或者行为及目前的某种状况，还可以用来表示某个事情的特点和性质。 is/ am/ are often usually always Sometimes every week never once a week on Sundays 动词原形/ 动词三单 have/ has 一般过去时 表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或者状态，过去习惯性经常性的动作或者状态。 was/ were ago yesterday in 1989 one day at the age of twelve long long ago the day before yesterday just now last week/year/month/ night 动词过去时 had 一般将来时 表示将来某个时间里发生的动作或者状态，或者将来某一段时间经常发生的动作或者状态。 will/shall＋v. tomorrow in the future next week/month/year is/am/ are going to ＋v. 过去将来时 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 would/should＋V. the next day/ week/ month/ year等 was/were going to＋v. 现在进行时 表示说话时正在发生的动作，或现阶段进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。 is/ am/ are＋现在分词 now at this time at present these days 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间里正在发生的动作或者行为。 was/were＋现在分词 then at that time at ten last night 现在完成时 表示过去某个时间里发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。 have/has ＋过去分词 already just ever Never yet since so far before for 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或者行为。 had＋过去分词 by the time before we got there after by the end of * 谢谢观赏！ * * * * * * * *