高考英语 非谓语动词详讲与精炼教案 新人教版

此资料由网络收集而来，如有侵权请告知上传者立即删除。资料共分享，我们负责传递知识。PAGE非谓语动词I.概述基本形式的变化：不定式：时态主动态被动态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavebuilttohavebeenbuiltv-ing形式：时态主动态被动态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone动名词Iamsureofhiscomingintime.(一般式主动态)（=Iamsurethathewillcomeintime）Heisproudofbeingselectedasmonitor.(一般式被动态)（=Heisproudthatheisselectedasmonitor.）I’mconfidentofhishavingpassedtheexam.(完成式主动态)（=Iamconfidentthathehavepassedtheexam.）Hecomplainedofhavingbeencheatedbyothers.(完成式被动态)现在分词Hesatinachair,readinganovel.(一般式主动态)Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被动态)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主动态)Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被动态)1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分①作主语。Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.Tomakemoneyisnottheonlypurposeofourlife.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的在很多情况下，常用it来充当动词不定式的形式主语。ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。②作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)Hemanagedtopasstheexam.他成功地通过了考试。Hepromisedtobehereatnine.他答应9点钟到这儿。Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.我没有料到在这儿见到你。在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow.他认为最好现在就离开。Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。③作定语（常置于名词之后）。由only,last,next序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语;不定式还可用作名词代词的的宾语(ability,anything,attempt,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something)  Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他总是最后一个离开办公室。Idon’tthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。Ihavenodesiretotravel.You’llfindsomethingtointerestyouhere.注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.Ifoundnoonetoplaywith.④作状语Iwalkedslowlyontheiceinordernottofalldown.（不至于跌倒） (表目的)Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.(表结果)Hetriedonlytofail. （结果没有成功）Shewas happytohearthenews.(表原因)不定式常用于修饰下列形容词：able,afraid,angry,anxious,apt,careful,careless,certain,clever,considerate,delighted,difficult,eager,easy,fit,frightened,happy,interesting,likely,lucky,quick,ready,reluctant,right,sorry,surprised,sure,thoughtful,thoughtless,unable,unwilling,wrongetc.Frenchisdifficulttolearn.法语难学。I’msorrytointerruptyou,butIhaveto.⑤作独立副词成分。Tospeakfrankly,Idon’tlikeyourattitude.⑥与疑问词连用。疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.什么时候出发还没有定。Theproblemishowtogetthereontime.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。③不带to的动词不定式▲在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等。Theteacheroftenmakesmerewritethecomposition.老师常常让我把作文重写。将该句转换成被动语态：Iamoftenmadebytheteachertorewritethecomposition.Iheardhersaythatshewasfedup.▲在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：hadbetter,wouldrather,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,donothingbut等。I’dbettergonow,orI’llmissthetrain.Theycannotbutaccepthisadvice.我只好接受他的建议。▲在except,but之前有动词do作实义动词，则except,but后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to的动词不定式。Wehavenochoicebuttowait.我们除了等待别无选择（我们只好等待）。Thereisnochoicebuttogothere.Thereisnothingtodobutto(to可省略)readabook.▲在why,whynot结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带toWhyarguewithhim?Whynotsendthosebooksback?2.动名词在句中充当的成分①作主语Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.请求帮助有时是必要的。Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.吃得太多对你的健康不利。Teachingofferssomethingbesidesmoneyandpower.②作补语、表语Seeingisbelieving.Wecallsuchanactcheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。③作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语建议冒险去献身：advise,suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto忍受期待不停顿：bear/stand(忍受),lookforwardto,stop放弃延期悔失去：giveup,delay,putoff,regret,miss坚持欣赏（想）要（实）践（完）成：keep(on)/insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice,finish注意原谅避反对：payattentionto,excuse,escape,avoid,objectto考虑要求不自禁：consider,require,cannothelp允许习惯不介意：forbid;permit,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind值得开始想动名：beworth,setabout,imagineThemotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.冒险游过河Hiswifedoesn'tallowsmokinginsidetheroombutallowshimtosmokeoutsidetheroom.他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。Alloftheminsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Beingillforafewdays,shedoesn'tfeellikeeatinganything.不想吃任何东西另在want,need,require等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思（主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系）。Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)⑤作定语它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。Thefactorybuiltaswimmingpoollastyear.游泳池Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.教学方法⑥作同位语Hishobby,makingmodelairplanes,isveryinteresting.注意：①动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格+动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格+动名词构成，在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：Doyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmeclosingthedoor?Myclosingthedoormadehimangry.Ican’tstandLaoChang’stalkinglikethataboutothercomrades.②动名词的某些固定结构▲Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名词+doingsth.Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain．设法解释是浪费时间。▲Itis+useless+doingsth．Itisuselessspeaking.光说没用。▲Thereisno+v-ing“…是不可能的”。Thereisnoknowinghowoldsheis.(=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.)Thereisnotellingwhereshe’sgone.(=Itisimpossible/difficulttoknowwhereshe’sgone.)▲makeapointof+doing“认为…是必要的”OurfamilymakeapointofgoingtochurcheverySunday.(=OurfamilymakeitaruletogotochurcheverySunday.)▲beonthepointof+doing“濒临，将要…”Hewasonthepointofleaving.▲on(upon)+doing“一…就…”Onhearingthenews,Ichangedmyplans.▲go+doing(大部分指运动和游戏)Hewentshopping/hiking/swimming/fishingetc.▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中havedifficulty(in)+doingsthhavetrouble(in)+doingsthhavefun(in)+doingsth/haveagoodtime(in)+doingsth/haveahardtime(in)+doingsth▲feellike+名词“想要”=wouldliketo+原形动词Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看电影吗?Idon'tfeellikereadingtonight．今晚我不想读书。3.分词在句中充当的成分。①作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。Theboringsnowmadetheboredboysgohome.(=Thesnowwasboring,sotheboysweeboredandwenthome.)Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountry.发展中的社会主义国家Themanwritingtheobituary(讣告)ismyfriend.(=Themanwhoiswritingtheobituaryismyfriend.)Thebrokenglassscatteredontheground.破杯注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。②作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see,hear,keep,find,notice,watch,think,want,smell,observe等。Thestoryisboring.Ifoundhimreadinganovel.在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)Ifoundhimsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.一群孩子包围着(过去分词作宾语补足语)③作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因,条件,结果,伴随情况。Havingreadalltherequiredpapers,heansweredthequestionsfluently.（时间）Beingshortofmoney,Idecidedtoapplyforthework.（原因）Seriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothehospital.（原因）Ifgoingtherebyplane,we’llhavetopaytwiceasmuch.（条件）Unlessaskedtoanswerquestions,thepupilswerenotsupposedtotalkinMrsSmith’sclass.（条件）Thefarmerused anewinsecticide,thusraisingtheaverageyieldby15%.（结果）Hesatinarockingchair,watchingTV.（伴随）4.注意：分词的特殊结构①独立主格有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。Thatbeingthecase,we’dbettermakesomechangesintheplan.Weatherpermitting,wewillgoout.==ifweatherpermitsTheteacherhavingfinishedthelesson,thestudentslefttheclassroom.②“with或without+名词或代词+分词”的复合结构常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.③某些固定结构generally/franklyspeaking…,judgingfrom/by…中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.从他的衣着判断Franklyspeaking,Idon'tlikehimatall.坦率地说④catch+宾语+doingIcaughtthemstealingmyapples．我抓住他们偷我的苹果。Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary，she'llbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning,considering,regarding,respecting等。Consideringhisage,heistall.考虑了他的年龄Ihavenothingtosayconcerninghisspeech.关于他的演讲.动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。Doctorsadvisegivingupsmokingtobenefitone'shealth.（放弃）Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmokingsoastoimprovehishealth.（放弃）Shedoesn'tallow(permit)smokinginherroom.（允许）5．.关于therebe的非谓语形式therebe非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语1）作动词宾语时，通常用theretobe结构，而不用therebeing。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：Wedon'twanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。Wehavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere．我们并不反对在这里开会。2）作状语多用therebeing结构，但若置于介词for之后要用theretobeTherebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself．由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语) It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyup．太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime，thegroundwasverydry．因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语)3）作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用theretobe.Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung．老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。Therebeingakindergartenoncampusisagreatconveniencetofemaleteachers．校园内有幼儿园对女教师十分方便。高考预测：1.—Whydon’tyoulikeTom?—Ithinkheisaman_________.A.tobeworkedwithB.workingwithC.toworkwithD.beingworkedwith2.Hesaidthathe_________whathecould________us,buthewastoobusythen.A.woulddo,helpB.couldhavedone,tohelpC.wouldhavedone,helpingD.coulddo,helped3.Wouldyoupleasetellmethewaythoughtof_________thegarden.A.takecareofB.totakecareofC.takingcareofD.howtotakecareof4.—Youlookrathertiredtoday.—______nottomissthe4:20flight,Ididn’tdaretoclosemyeyes.A.RemindingB.RemindedC.BeingremindedD.Havingreminded5.___________,themonumentcouldberestoredtoitsformerglory.A.IfrepairedwellB.IfrepairingwellC.TorepairwellD.Repairingwell6.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_______tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing7.OnAugust12,2020TyphoonMorakotsweptacrossTaiwanisland,_________alotofvillages___________.A.left;damagedB.leaving;damagingC.leaving;damagedD.left;damaging8.Thefood,____________good,wassoonsoldoutwhenitwastakentothemarket.A.tastedB.beingtastedC.tastingD.havingtasted9.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork_______,werefusedhisoffer.A.notfinishingB.hadnotbeenfinishedC.nothavingfinishedD.notfinished10.Withtoomanyconstructionprojects_________allthestrengthoutoftheeconomy,peopleofthesmallcountrycomplainedalot.A.suckingB.tosuckC.beingsuckedD.beingsucking11.TimBemers-Leeisgenerallyconsidered_________theWorldWideWeb,onwhichalltheinformationissharedbyall.A.tohavefoundedB.havingfoundedC.foundingD.tofound12.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim______onabeach,withhiseyes_______onakiteinthesky.A.seated;fixingB.sitting;fixingC.seated;beingfixedD.sitting;fixed13.Tigers_____meat-eatinganimals_____meats.A.belongedto;feedonB.belongingto;feedonC.werebelongedto;arefedonD.belongingto;arefedon14.______fortheseriousaccident,thepresentofShanxiProvincehadtoresign.A.ToblameB.BlamingC.BeingtoblameD.Tobeblamed15.Withsomebooksheneeded_________,hewentintothebookstorequickly.A.tobuyB.boughtC.tobeboughtD.buying16.AftertheShenzhouVIcapsule（太空舱）toucheddown,twoastronautssucceededintravelingaroundtheearth,thusagain__________Chinaisaglobalspacepower.A.provingB.toproveC.tohaveprovedD.beingproved17.Therewasanicelittlegiftforeveryone,withasuitablepoem_______toit.A.attachedB.tobeattachingC.toattachD.attaching18.____byhisparentsforlong,Johnfeelssadintheheartthoughheappears_______botheredaboutit.A.Beingignored;nottobeB.Tobeignored;tohavenotbeenC.Ignored;nottobeD.Ignoring;notbeing19.Weare_____totalkloudlyinthedormitorywhenothersaretakinganoon-break.A.supposedB.supposingC.notsupposedD.notsupposing20.Thelatestsurvey,_________bywww.qq.com,foundmorethan12percentofteenagerswanttoworkaspilots.A.tobecarriedoutB.beingcarriedoutC.carriedoutD.havingbeencarriedout21.TheconstructionofaneconomiczonetothewestcoastoftheTaiwanStraits,_____atpresent,willsurelystimulate(刺激)thedecliningeconomyonbothsidesoftheStraits.A.tobediscussedB.beingdiscussedC.discussedD.discussing22.Theyoungmansatbackinhissofa,______withwhathehadworkedouttodowiththeremainingwork.A.havingsatisfiedB.beingsatisfiedC.TobesatisfiedD.satisfied23.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely_____totheoutsideworld.A.havingbeenlostB.tobelostC.losingD.lost24.—Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.—Yes,butherefusedtoadmit________hiswifeonarainynightsevenyearsago.A.tokillB.tohavekilledC.havingkilledD.havebeenkilling25.________totrainhisdaughterinEnglish,heputanadlikethisinthepaper,“_________,anEnglishteacherforaten-year-oldgirl.”A.Determined;wantedB.Determined;wantingC.Determine;wantedD.Determining;wanting26.—Lucydoesn’tseemtobewhatshewas.—No._________somuchinthewarhasmadehermorethoughtful.A.SeenB.HerseeingC.HavingseenD.Tohaveseen27.twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.A.ExaminingB.ExaminedC.BeingexaminedD.Havingbeenexamined28.Wehopethebuildingproject_________willbecompletedassoonaspossiblebecausealotofcitizensarecomplainingaboutthenoises.A.tobecarriedoutB.carriedoutC.beingcarriedoutD.carryingout29.Anewteachnique_________theyieldsasawholeincreasedbyabout30percent.A.hadappliedB.havingappliedC.tohaveappliedD.havingbeenapplied30.Thelonglastingwar,___withbloodanddeaths,endedinpeople’ssadness,__noresult.A.filling；reachedB.filled；toreachC.filling；wouldreachD.filled；reaching31.Thetwooldsisters，_____solong，heldeachotherandburstintotears．A.beingseparatedB.havingbeenseparatedC．havingseparatedD．hadbeenseparated32.Somepeopleagainsttollbooths(收费站)arguethatroads,once__,shouldbefree.A.buildingB.builtC.havingbuiltD.beingbuilt33.Somethingextraordinaryhappenedinthathospital.Aman,________clinicallydead,suddenlycametolife.A.declaringB.beingdeclaredC.declaredD.havingdeclared34._________yourreceipttothecustomerservicedepartmentandtheywillpaythemoneybacktoyou．A.HavingbroughtB.BringC.BringingD.Tobring35.____itwithmeshouldbeagoodchoice.Trustme.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave36.Ireallycan'tunderstand_________herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating37._____whathecando.Hemightgetajobtomorrow.Hemightstayoutofworkforweeks.A.Wedidn’tknowB.Hedoesn’tknowC.ThereisnoknowingD.Itwasknownthat38.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostof_________withtheireyes_________onandtheirheadsbentovertheirbooks.A.whom;fixingB.them;fixedC.whom;fixedD.them;fixing39.TheboyIconsidered______cheatedinthelastexam.A.tobehonestB.thatishonestC.washonestD.beinghonest40.Thoughatyphoonisontheway,peoplearestilllookingforward_________theoutdoorconcertbythepopsinger.A.tocancelingB.nottocancelingC.nottocancelD.tonotcanceling