2017--2018学年译林版必修四Unit 3 tomorrow’s world Grammar and Usage学案

Unit3tomorrow'sworldGrammarandUsag学案一、名词性从句定义：名词性从句是由if,whether,that,how和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。二、类型：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句(请说出以下句子中的画线部分在句子中充当的成分)Whenwe'llholdthesportsmeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomanypeople..]来源:]Hewonder讦hecouldusemybike.Iamthinkingaboutwhowillbegiventhejob.Thathehaswonthefirstprizeistrue.Myparents'wishisthatIcangotoakeyuniversity.Theyarediscussingtheproblemwhethertheyshouldban噤止)fishinginthelake.TheproblemishowIcangetintouchwiththem.Itisnotclearwhethershewillattendhiswedding.Ihavenoideawhenhewouldreturn.三、用法：1、主语从句：在复合句中做主句的主语。引导词有连词that(that不可省)‘whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等。如:Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)2、宾语从句：在复合句中做主句的宾语.引导词有连词that(that常可省略),whether,j£代词有who,whose,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等。如:Webelieve(that)heishonest.B.Itoldhim(that)Iwouldcomebacksoon.Hesaid(that)hewouldgotherethenextdayandthathisfamilywouldn'tgothere.3、表语从句：在复合句中做主句的表语.引导词有连词that(that不可省)‘whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等。如：Theproblemisthatwedidn'tgetintouchwithhim.ThisishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.(如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order等名词时，后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.)4、同位语从句：在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion等之后，用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导词有连that；少数情况下也可用连接副词等。如：Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.（如果名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略・）四、注意：1、注意that的用法（that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。）[来源:]主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedon'thaveenoughmoney.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：Hejudgedthatbecausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwhathehadsaid.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.that从句做主语和宾语时，可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。（A）Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat...（B）Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...（C）Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat.（DItseems/happensthat。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup2、注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别：从句前都有一个名词定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分而在同位语从句中连接词不做成分。定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰，同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.3、whether和if的用法whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whethero如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.后面直接跟ornot时用whether如：Ididn'tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan..主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。If表示“如果”时，不能用whether。如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.IfIhaveenoughtime,Iwillplayfootball.4、疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别：疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished.Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致、主谓一致、语序。①宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,Ididn'tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.②主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.We'veheardthenewsthatwellmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.6、几个固定句式：强调句Itis/was+强调部分+that（如果强调部分是疑问词）eg.Whoisitthatspokefirst?Whenwasitthattheycamehere?关于doubtsb.doubtif/whether...sb.don't/doesn'tdoubtthat...Thereisnodoubtthat...eg.Thereisnodoubtthathewillwinthegame.疑问词+doyouthink+（用陈述句语序）eg.Whodoyouthinkweinvitedtogiveusthetalk?二、名词性从句连接词的选用（1）that和what的选用hewantsisabook.hewantstogothereisobvious.Theresultiswewonthegame.Thisiswewanttoknow.5.Ishetoldustrue?Weshouldpayattentiontotheteacherissaying.Ihavenodoubthewillcome.Ihavenoideahedidthatafternoon.（2）if和whether的选用Iaskedhershehadabike.wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.We'reworriedaboutheissafe.Idon'tknowheiswellornot.Idon'tknowornotheiswell.Thequestionisheshoulddoit.其它连接代词和副词的连用who、which、when、where、why、how等连接词我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。我不知道他长的什么样子。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。引导词that的省略我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。___weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.Idon'tknowbroketheglassyesterday.Ihavenoideahelookslike.ThisisIleftmyglasses.1.Idon'tthinksheiscoming.2.Itisapityhehasmadesuchamistake.Thereasonisheiscareless.Thenewsourteamwonthematchinspiredus.5.Idon'tthinkitnecessaryyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.6.Hetoldmehisfatherhaddiedandhehadtomakealivingalone.三、同位语从句的引导和辨别that/whether/where/how1.Ihavenoideahecomesfrom.2.Hecan'tanswerthequestionhegotthemoney.3.Hegaveusmanysuggestionsweshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.4.Ihavenodoubt___hewillwin.5.Ihavesomedoubthewillwin.同位语从句和定语从句的区别Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.Theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue.LearningSummary（课堂小结）