2011年12月英语四级真题及答案

2011年12月英语四级真 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上． 　　For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Why Integrity Matters What is Integrity? 　　The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. 　　What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business 　　We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. 　　Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It" 　　Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone,” or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions. 　　To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. Evaluating Risks 　　To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; suspension or dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category. Getting Away With It--Or Not 　　Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works. Cheating Hurts Others, Too 　　Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree. Why Integrity Matters 　　If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education. 　　In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live. 1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______。 　A) sticks to them in their daily life　　B) makes them known to others 　C) understands their true values 　　D) sees that others also follow them 2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships? 　A) It helps to create team spirit 　B) It facilitates communication 　C) It is the basis of mutual trust 　D) It inspires mutual respect 3. Why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take? 　A. To ensure we make responsible choices 　B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress 　C. so that we don’t break any rules 　D. so that we don’t run into trouble 4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______ 　A. it has caused no harm 　 B. it is claimed to be unintentional 　C. it has gone unnoticed 　 D. it is committed with good intentions 5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself? 　A. Avoid making excuses 　 B. Listen to other people’s advice 　C. Make his intensions public 　 D. Have others watch over his shoulder 6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______。 　A. will often become more cautious 　B. are usually very aggressive 　C. value immediate benefits most 　D. may lose everything in the end 7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______ 　A. pay more dearly 　 B. become more confident 　C. be widely admired D. feel somewhat lucky 8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to _______ 9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s _________________________ 10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of _______  Part III Listening Comprehension Section A 11. A. Read the notice on the window B. Get a new bus schedule C. Go and ask the staff D. Board the bus to Cleveland 12. A. He was looking forward to seeing the giraffes. B. He enjoyed watching the animal performance. C. He got home too late to see the TV special D. He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program. 13. A. She wants to take the most direct way. B. She may be late for the football game. C. She is worried about missing her flight. D. She is currently caught in a traffic jam. 14. A. At a restaurant B. In a fish shop C. At a clinic D. On a fishing boat 15. A. He is an experienced sales manager. B. He is being interviewed for a job. C. He is a close friend of the woman. D. He is good at answering tricky questions. 16. A. The man should consider his privacy first. B. The man will choose a low-rent apartment. C. The man is not certain if he can find a quieter place D. The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory. 17. A. The woman is going to make her topic more focused. B. The man and woman are working on a joint project. C. One should choose a broad topic for a research paper. D. It tool a lot of time to get the man on the right track. 18. A. They went camping this time last year. B. They didn’t quite enjoy their last picnic. C. They learned to cooperate under harsh conditions. D. They weren’t experienced in organizing picnics. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A. H e likes Sweden better than England. B. He prefers hot weather to cold weather. C. He is an Englishman living in Sweden. D. He visits London nearly every winter. 20. A. The bad weather B. The gloomy winter C. The cold houses D. The long night 21. A. Delightful B. Painful C. Depressing D. Refreshing 22. A. They often stay up late reading B. They work hard and play hard C. They like to go camping in summer D. They try to earn more and spend more Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A. English Literature B. Management C. French D. Public Administration 24. A. English teaching B. Staff training C. Careers guidance D. Psychological counseling 25. A. Its generous scholarships B. Its worldwide fame C. Its well-designed courses D. Its pleasant environment Section B Passage One 26. A. Characteristics of Japanese artists B. Some features of Japanese culture C. The art of Japanese brush painting D. The uniqueness of Japanese art 27. A. To calm themselves down B. To enhance concentration C. To show their impatience D. To signal lack of interest 28. A. How listeners in different cultures show respect B. How speakers can win approval from the audience C. How speakers can misunderstand the audience D. How different Western and Eastern art forms are Passage Two 29. A. Directing personnel evaluation B. Buying and maintaining equipment C. Drawing up plans for in-service training D. Interviewing and recruiting employees 30. A. Some of his equipment was damaged in a fire B. The training program he ran was a failure C. Two of his workers were injured at work D. Two of his employees committed theft 31. A. A better relationship with his boss B. Advancement to a higher position C. A better-paying job in another company D. Improvement in the company’s management 32. A. She has more self-confidence than Chris B. She works with Chris in the same division C. She has more management experience than Chris D. She is competing with Chris for the new job Passage Three 33. A. They help us see the important values of a culture B. They guide us in handling human relationships C. They help us express ourselves more effectively D. They are an infinite source of human knowledge 34. A. Their wording may become different B. The values they reflect may change C. Their origins can no longer be traced D. They may be misinterpreted occasionally 35. A. Certain values are shared by a large number of cultures B. Some proverbs are assuming more and more importance C. Old proverbs are constantly replaced by new ones D. Certain values have always been central to a culture Section C Dictation Our lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own 36________. I no longer imagine I can get through a 37________ day, much less all my life, 38________ on my own. Even if I am on 39________ in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house some else has built, wearing clothes someone else has 40________ from cloth woven by others, using 41________ someone else is distributing to my house. 42________ of interdependence is everywhere. We are on this 43________ together. As I was growing up, 44______________________________________________________. “Make your own way”, “stand on your own two feet”, or my mother’s favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: “Now that you’ve made your bed, lie on it!” Total independence is a dominant theme in our culture, I imagine that 45________________________ ________________________________. But the teaching was shaped by our cultural images, and instead I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally “independent” and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help. 46________________________________________________________________________. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A With the world’s population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure an jobs. Underlying all this 47________ will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years. Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48________, sustainable way is the cornerstone of our nation’s energy security, and will be one of the major 49________ of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy --- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few --- are 50________ being funded and developed, and will play a growing 51________ in the world’s energy supply. But experts say that, even when 52________, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world’s energy needs by 2050. For example, even with 53________ investments, such as the $93 million for wind energy development 54________ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 55________ only about 1% of the market today. Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of 56________ --- both traditional and alternative. A stable B solutions C significant D role E progress F marvelous G included H growth I exactly J consist K comprise L competitions M combined N challenges O certainly Passage One 　　Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today. 　　Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, the US study says. Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man". The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls. Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls. 　　The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills. 　　But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia. Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote. 　　Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the study reported. 57. The author believes that a single-sex school would _____________________. A force boys to hide their emotions to be “real man” B help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys C encourage boys to express their emotions more freely D naturally reinforce in boys that traditional image of a man 58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed schools boys ____________________. A perform relatively better B grow up more healthily C behave more responsibly D receive a better education 59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system? A It fails more boys than girls academically B It focuses more on mixed school education C It fails to give boys the attention they need D It places more pressure on boys than on girls 60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______________. A teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys B boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted C boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in D teaching can be designed to promote boys’ team spirit 61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James’ report? A They enjoy being in charge B They conform to stereotypes C They have sharper vision D They are violent and sexist Passage Two It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say that you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year – we just won't go. Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What's less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession – financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterized by intense verbal aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made men, more than women, extremely angry. Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different conceptions of what it is for," he explains. "They will say it's to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them" He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something. "The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what is going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo about talking about money than talking about death. But you both need to know what you are doing, who is paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it." 62. What does the author say about vacationing? A People enjoy it all the more during a recession B Few people can afford it without working hard C It makes all the hard work worthwhile D It is the chief cause of family disputes 63. What does the author mean by saying “money is known… to bring a relationship to its knees” (Line1 Para. 2)？ A Money is considered to be the root of all evils B Some people sacrifice their dignity for money C Few people can resist the temptation of money D Disputes over money may ruin a relationship 64. The YouGov poll of 2000 people indicates that in a recession _________________. A conflicts between couples tend to rise B it is more expensive for couples to split up C couples show more concern for each other D divorce and separation rates increase 65. What does Kim Stephenson believe? A Money is often a symbol of a person’s status B Money means a great deal to both men and women C Men and women spend money on different things D Men and women view money in different ways 66. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should ________________ A put their money together instead of keeping it separately B make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets C discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship D avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic Part V Cloze Employers fear they will be unable recruit students with the skills they need as the economic recovery kicks in, a new survey 67_______. Nearly half of organizations told researchers they were already struggling to find 68_______ with skills in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM), 69_______ even more companies expect to experience 70_______ of employees with STEM skills in the next three years. The Confederation of British Industry 71_______ 694 businesses and organizations across the public and 72_______ sectors, which together employ 2.4 million people. Half are 73_______ they will not be able to fill graduate posts in the coming years, while a third said they would not be able to 74_______ enough employees with the right A-level skills. "75_______ we move further into recovery and businesses plan 76_______ growth, the demand for people with high-quality skills and qualifications will 77_______," said Richard Lambert, director general, CBI. “Firms say it is already hard to find people with the right 78_______ or engineering skills. The new government must make it a top 79_______ to encourage more young people to study science-related 80_______." The survey found that young people would improve their job prospects 81_______ they studied business studies, maths, English and physics or chemistry at A-level. The A-levels that employers 82_______ least are psychology and sociology. And while many employers don't insist on a 83_______ degree subject, a third prefer to hire those with a STEM-related subject. The research 84_______ worries about the lack of progress in improving basic skills in the UK 85_______. Half of employers expressed worries about employees' basic literacy and numeracy(计算) skills, while the biggest problem is with IT skills, 86_______ two-thirds reported concerns. 67. A submits B reveals C launches D generates 68. A audience B officials C partners D staff 69. A while B because C for D although 70. A exits B shortages C absences D departures 71. A surveyed B searched C exposed D exploited 72. A collective B private C personal D civil 73. A confronted B conformed C concerned D confused 74. A bind B attain C transfer D recruit 75. A Lest B Unless C Before D As 76. A with B for C on D by 77. A dominate B stretch C enforce D intensify 78. A creative B technical C narrative D physical 79. A priority B option C challenge D judgment 80. A procedures B academies C thoughts D subjects 81. A until B since C whereas D if 82. A rate B discuss C order D observe 83. A typical B positive C particular D general 84. A highlighted B prescribed C focused D touched 85. A masses B workforce C faculty D communities 86. A what B whom C where D why Part VI Translation 87. Charity groups organized various activities to _________________(为地震幸存者筹款). 88. Linda _____________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件); otherwise, she would have replied. 89. It’s my mother ______________________(一直在鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my studies. 90. The publishing house has to _______________________(考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度). 91. It is absolutely wrong to ____________________________(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福). 2011年12月四级 真题 北京中考数学真题pdf四级真题及答案下载历年四级真题下载证券交易真题下载资料分析真题下载 参考答案完整版 快速阅读： 　　1. A) sticks to them in their daily life 　　2. C) It is the basis of mutual trust。 　　3. A) To ensure we make responsible choices。 　　4. B) it is claimed to be unintentional 　　5. A) Avoid making excuses。 　　6. C) value immediate benefits most 　　7. A) pay more dearly 　　8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education; all they care about is how to steal a grade。 　　9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith。 　　10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of the Watergate scandal。 　　听力Section A： 　　11. B) Go and ask the staff。 　　12. A) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program。 　　13. B) She is worried about missing her flight。 　　14. A) At a restaurant。 　　15. A) He is being interviewed for a job。 　　16. B) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory。 　　17. D) The woman is going to make。 　　18. B) They didn’t quite enjoy their last picnic。 　　听力Section B： 　　19. C) He is an Englishman living in Sweden。 　　20. C) The cold houses。 　　21. C) Depressing。 　　22. B) They work hard and play hard。 　　23. C) French。 　　24. C) Careers guidance。 　　25. D) Its pleasant environment。 　　26. C) The art of Japanese brush painting。 　　27. B) To enhance concentration。 　　28. A) How listeners in different cultures show respect。 　　29. B) Buying and maintaining equipment。 　　30. D) Two of his employees committed theft。 　　31. B) Advancement to a higher position。 　　32. D) She is competing with Chris for the new job。 　　33. A) They help us see the important values of a culture。 　　34. B) The values they reflect may change。 　　35. 缺 　　听力Section C： 　　复合式听写原文：http://club.topsage.com/thread-2695151-1-1.html (听力原文) 　　深入阅读：Section A 　　47. N) challenges 　　48. A) stable 　　49. E) progress 　　50. O) certainly 　　51. D) role 　　52. M) combined 　　53. C) significant 　　54. G) included 　　55. K) comprise 　　56. B) solutions 　　深入阅读：Section B 　　57. C) encourage boys to express their emotions more freely 　　58. A) perform relatively better 　　59. C) It fails to give boys the attention they need。 　　60. A) teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys 　　61. C) They have sharper vision。 　　62. C) It makes all the hard work worthwhile。 　　63. D) Disputes over money may ruin a relationship。 　　64. A) conflicts between couples tend to rise 　　65. D) Men and women view money in different ways。 　　66. C) discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship 　　完型填空： 　　67. B) reveals 　　68. D) staff 　　69. A) while 　　70. B) shortages 　　71. A) surveyed 　　72. B) private 　　73. C) concerned 　　74. D) recruit 　　75. D) As 　　76. B) for 　　77. D) intensify 　　78. B) technical 　　79. A) priority 　　80. D) subjects 　　81. D) if 　　82. A) rate 　　83. B) particular 　　84. A) highlighted 　　85. B) workforce 　　86. C) where 　　 翻译 阿房宫赋翻译下载德汉翻译pdf阿房宫赋翻译下载阿房宫赋翻译下载翻译理论.doc ： 　　87. raise money for the survivors in the earthquake 　　88. couldn’t have received my e-mail 　　89. who keeps on encouraging me to keep my chin up 　　who keeps encouraging me not to lose heart 　　who keeps on cheering me up 　　90. take the popularity of the novel into consideration/account 　　91. define happiness solely by money 　　作文 范文 销售月计划范文二年级看图写话和范文歌颂党的朗诵稿语文万能作文党代会闭幕式讲话 ： 　　Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will 　　Sometimes, in our daily life, the easiest thing might be the most difficult thing, as in the case of some people trying to quit smoking for hundreds of times and still making endless efforts without any hope of success. The reason for their failure is their lack of a strong will。 　　In our modern world, nothing is simple and straightforward. Something might appear deceptively easy at first, but as we proceed on, we will find that it is actually extremely difficult. Therefore, we must take whatever we do seriously and be mentally prepared to make our utmost exertions. When we encounter obstacles and setbacks, we must apply our strong willpower and persevere until we finally succeed。 　　For us university students, in our academic studies or in our daily life on campus, we might not be faced with insurmountable challenges. But we need to get prepared, right now, to take things seriously, try to cultivate our strong will, and be ready to pursue our goals through persistence and indefatigable will. I believe it’s the only way we can achieve our success。 　　Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will 　　Success depends on many factors, both physical and spiritual. In my opinion, mental factors like a strong will are far more decisive in enabling us to achieve success. For example, despite our repeated efforts to quit smoking, our lack of a strong will would still cause us to end up in failure。 　　In any of our undertakings, we should first set a goal. Some goals are highly challenging. Without a strong will, people would give up in the middle and they fail to achieve their goals. For those people who do succeed, they succeed simply because they have that mental stamina which enables them to challenge even the most insurmountable difficulties。 　　We often say that ‘Impossible is Nothing’. To make the impossible possible, we must exercise our perseverance and strong willpower. Or, as an English proverb goes, ‘If there is a will, there is a way.’ Our world is becoming increasingly competitive and only by making strong-willed efforts can we maximize our full potential and gain competitive edges, and prevail over all obstacles that lie in our way to success。 PAGE