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大脑前联合及后联合

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大脑前联合及后联合TheCommissuresWhatarethey?Thecommissuresarefibretractsconnectingthetwohemispheres。Thereisaposteriorcommissure,whichconnectsmidbrainanddiencephalonstructures,andliesjustinfrontofandabovethesuperiorcolliculi,belowthepinealgland.Theposteriorcommissureis...

大脑前联合及后联合
TheCommissuresWhatarethey?Thecommissuresarefibretractsconnectingthetwohemispheres。Thereisaposteriorcommissure,whichconnectsmidbrainanddiencephalonstructures,andliesjustinfrontofandabovethesuperiorcolliculi,belowthepinealgland.Theposteriorcommissureisnotalwayseasytoseeonahighdetailedstructuralscan,anditisveryunlikelyyouwillbeabletodiscernitonfunctionalimages.Theanteriorcommissure(AC)connectsthemiddleandinferiortemporalgyriofthetwohemispheres,andrunsacrossthemidlinejustinfrontofthefornix。Itisrelativelyeasytoseeonmoststructuralscans.Whythecommissures?Thecommissurehavebecomekeylandmarks,becauseTalairachandTournouxchosethemtodeterminethestandardalignmentofthebrainfortheirfamousatlas。ToalignascantoTalairachspace,abrainhastobesetsothattheanteriorandposteriorcommissuresareonahorizonatalline.Wherearethey?Belowisalittleschematic(fromChrisRordenview。Theanteriorcommissureisshowninred’sMriCrotutorial)ofasagittalbrainandtheposteriorcommissureinyellow.TheimagebelowshowstheanteriorcommissureonaniconicbrainfromtheMNIseries(seetheMNIspacepagefordetails)。TheACisatthevirtualintersectionoftheredlines.TheACisbestseenonslice91inX,131inYand67inZoftheiconicbrainimage.BelowisanimageshowingthePConthesamebrain,againatintersectionoftheredlines.ThePCcanbestbeseenatslicesX91,Y103andZ70.NotethatthisbrainisnotexactlyorientedaccordingtotheTalairachsystem,asthetwocommissuresarenotonthesameaxialplane。the(truncated)ItmaybeusefultoscrollthroughtheiconicbrainimageprovidedwithMRIcroorMRIcroGL,togetusedtothelandmarksaroundthecommissures。HereisthepositionoftheanteriorcommissureontheMNI152averagebrainonthetheT1average:;firstandnextontheT2average(whichismoresimilartoEPIimages).Specifyingthecommissuresonlowresolutionimages,suchasfunctionalimagesrequiresalittleguesswork,combinedwithaknowledgeofwherethecommissuresareinrelationtoanatomythatyoucansee,suchasthethalamus,brainstemcorpuscallosum。,,andMatthewBrett,ChrisRorden17/12/99ReferencesJ.TalairachandP。Tournoux,"Co—planarStereotaxicAtlasoftheHumanBrain:3—DimensionalProportionalSystem-anApproachtoCerebralImaging"MedicalPublishers,NewYork,NY,1988,ThiemeH.M。Duvernoy,”TheHumanDimensionalSectionalAnatomyBrain:Surface,Blood”econd,sedition,Springer,ViennaSupply,,and1999Three
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