中学生百科英语2

中学生百科英语2:Thoughts&Notions01TheZipper02ThePostageStamp03PencilsandPens04TheUmbrella05TheMetricSystem06ThaiBoxing07SumoWrestling08TarahumaraFootRaces09OlympicSports10Greatathletes11ThePufferFish12FoodsfromAroundtheWorld13Chocolate14TheBlueRevolution15Twenty-OneDaysWithoutFood16TheMarieCeleste17TheRoanokeSettlement18TheEasterIslandStatues19TheTunguskaFireball20MysteryoftheMonarchs21TheHistoryofMoney22MassMarketing23Inflation24DoingBusinessAroundtheWorld25CreditCards1TheZipperThezipperisawonderfulinvention.Howdidpeopleeverlivewithoutzippers?Theyareverycommon,soweforgetthattheyarewonderful.Theyareverystrong,buttheyopenandcloseveryeasily.Theycomeinmanycolorsandsizes.Inthe1890s,peopleintheUnitedStatesworehighshoeswithalongrowofbuttons.Clothesoftenhadrowsofbuttons,too.Peoplewishedthatclotheswereeasiertoputonandtakeoff.WhitcombL.Judson,anengineerfromtheUnitedStates,inventedthezipperin1893.However,hiszippersdidn'tstayclosedverywell.Thiswasembarrassing,andpeopledidn'tbuymanyofthem.ThenDr.GideonSundbackfromSwedensolvedthisproblem.Hiszipperstayedclosed.Azipperhasthreeparts:1.Therearedozensofmetalorplastichooks(calledteeth)intworows.2.Thesehooksarefastenedtotwostripsofcloth.Theclothstripsareflexible.Theybendeasily.3.Afastenerslidesalongandjoinsthehookstogether.Whenitslidestheotherway,ittakesthehooksapart.Dr.Sundbackputthehooksonstripsofcloth.Theclothholdsallthehooksinplace.Theydon'tcomeapartveryeasily.Thissolvedtheproblemofthefirstzippers.(212words)2ThePostageStampBeforetheinventionofthepostagestamp,itwasdifficulttosendalettertoanothercountry.Thesenderpaidforthelettertotravelinhisorherowncountry.Thenthepersonintheothercountrypaidfortherestofthetrip.Ifalettercrossedseveralcountries,theproblemwasworse.RowlandHill,aBritishteacher,hadtheideaofapostagestampwithglueontheback.TheBritishpostofficemadethefirststampsin1840.TheywerethePennyBlackandtheTwopenceBlue.Apersonboughtastampandputitonaletter.Thepostofficedeliveredtheletter.Whenpeoplereceivedletters,theydidn'thavetopayanything.Thepostagewasprepaid.PostagestampsbecamepopularinGreatBritainimmediately.Othercountriesstartedmakingtheirownpostagestampsveryquickly.Therewerestillproblemswithinternationalmail.Somecountriesdidnotwanttoacceptletterswithstampsfromothercountries.Finally,in1874,aGermanorganizedtheUniversalPostalUnion(UPU).EachcountryintheUPUagreedtoacceptletterswithprepaidpostagefromtheothermembers.Today,theofficesoftheUPUareinSwitzerland.Almosteverycountryintheworldisamemberofthisorganization.Ittakescareofanyinternationalmailproblems.Today,postofficesineverycountrysellbeautifulstamps.Collectingstampsisoneofthemostpopularhobbiesintheworld,andeverystampcollectorknowsaboutthePennyBlackandtheTwopenceBlue.(250words)3PencilsandPensNooneknowswhoinventedpencilsorwhenithappened.ASwissdescribedapencilinabookin1565.Hesaiditwasapieceofwoodwithleadinsideit.(Leadisaveryheavy,soft,darkgraymetal.)Pencilsweren'tpopular,andpeoplecontinuedtowritewithpens.Theyusedbirdfeathersaspens.Then,in1795,someonestartedmakingpencilsfromgraphite,andtheybecameverypopular.Graphiteislikecoal.(Coalisblack,andweburnitforheatandenergy.)Today,peoplemakepencilsinthesameway.Theygrindthegraphite,makeitintotheshapeofastick,andbakeit.Thentheyputitinsideapieceofwood.Onepencilcanwrite50,000Englishwordsormakealine55kilometerslong.Peoplewrotewithfeatherpensandthenusedpenswithmetalpoints.Theyhadtodipthepointintoinkaftereveryfewletters.Next,someoneinventedafountainpenthatcouldholdinkinsideit.Afountainpencanwriteseveralpagesbeforeyouhavetofillitagain.TwoHungarianbrothers,LadislaoandGeorgBiro,inventedtheballpointpen.TheyleftHungaryandstartedmakingballpointpensinEnglandin1943,duringWorldWarII.Englishpilotslikedthepens.Theycouldn'twritewithfountainpensinairplanesbecausetheinkleakedout.Later,aFrenchcompanycalledBicboughttheBiros'company.Somepeoplecallballpointpens"Bics."Australianscallthem"biros."Whateverwecallthem,weusethemeveryday.(256words)4TheUmbrellaTheumbrellaisaveryordinaryobject.Itkeepstherainandthesunoffpeople.Mostumbrellasfoldup,soitiseasytocarrythem.However,theumbrellahasnotalwaysbeenanordinaryobject.Inthepast,itwasasignofroyaltyorimportance.SomeAfricantribesstilluseumbrellasinthisway.Someonecarriesanumbrellaandwalksbehindthekingorimportantperson.Umbrellasareveryold.TheChinesehadthemmorethan3,000yearsago.Fromthere,umbrellastraveledtoIndia,Persia,andEgypt.InGreeceandRome,menwouldn'tusethem.Theybelievedumbrellaswereonlyforwomen.WhentheSpanishexplorerswenttoMexico,theysawtheAzteckingsusingumbrellas.EnglishexplorerssawNativeAmericanprincescarryingumbrellasontheeastcoastofNorthAmerica.Itseemsthatpeopleindifferentpartsoftheworldinventedumbrellasatdifferenttimes.EnglandwasprobablythefirstcountryinEuropewhereordinarypeopleusedumbrellasagainsttherain.Englandhasarainyclimate,andumbrellasareveryusefulthere.Everybodyusesumbrellastoday.Thenexttimeyoucarryone,rememberthatforcenturiesonlygreatmenandwomenusedthem.Perhapsyouarereallyakingorqueen,aprincessorprince.(210words)5TheMetricSystemPeopleallovertheworldusegrams,kilograms(kilos),meters,andliters.Theseareallwaystomeasurethings.Theyareallpartofthemetricsystem.DuringtheFrenchRevolution(1789-1799)againsttheking,therevolutionarygovernmentstartedthemetricsystem.Beforethat,everypartofFrancehadadifferentsystemformeasuringthings.Also,clothmakersmeasuredclothwithonesystem.Jewelersusedanothersystem.Carpentersusedanother.Othercountriesuseddifferentsystems.Therevolutionarygovernmentwantedonescientificsystemofmeasurement.Theyaskedagroupofscientistsandmathematicianstoinventasystem.Themathematiciansandscientistsdecidedtousethenumbersten,hundred,andthousandfortheirsystem.Next,theyhadtodecideona"natural"length.Theychoseoneten-millionth(1/10,000,000)ofthedistancefromtheequatortotheNorthPole.Theycalledthisdistancethemeter.Thentheychosethegramforweighingthings.Acubiccentimeterofwaterweighs1gram.Mathematiciansandscientistsworkedfor20yearsuntiltheyfinallyhadacompletemeasuringsystem.Thebiggestproblemwasmeasuringthemeter.Themetricsystemwasawonderfulgifttotheworld.Thereareonlyafewcountriesthatdon'tuseit.TheUnitedStatesisone.Themetricsystemistrulyaninternationalsystem.(214words)6ThaiBoxingBoxingispopularinmanycountries.Twofighterswearboxingglovesontheirhands.Theboxershiteachotheruntiloneisknockedoutoruntilthefinalbellrings.Eachpartofthefightisthreeminuteslong.Itiscalledaround.Thaiboxingisdifferent.Theboxingmatchbeginswithmusic.ThenthetwofighterskneelandpraytoGod.Next,theydoaslowdancethatcopiesthemovementsofThaiboxing.Duringthisdance,eachfightertriestoshowtheotherthatheisbest.Thenthefightbegins.InThaiboxing,thefighterscankickwiththeirfeetandhiteachotherwiththeirelbowsandknees.Ofcourse,theyhitwiththeirhands,too.Eachroundisthreeminuteslong.Thentheboxershaveatwo-minuterest.Mostboxerscanfightonlyfiveroundsbecausethiskindoffightingisverydifficult.Thaiboxingbeganover500yearsago.Ifasoldierlosthisweaponsinabattle,heneededtofightwithjusthisbody.Thesoldierslearnedhowtouseallthepartsoftheirbodies.In1560,theBurmesearmycapturedNaresuen,theKingofThailand,inawar.KingNaresuenwasaverygoodboxer.HewonhisfreedomfromBurmabydefeatingallthebestBurmesefighters.WhenhereturnedtoThailand,hispeoplewereveryproudofhim.Thaiboxingbecameapopularsport.(237words)7SumoWrestlingSumowrestlingisanationalsportinJapan.Everyyeartherearesixtournaments,andmillionsofJapanesewatchthemontelevision.Atournamentisaseriesofmatches.SumoisalmostasoldasthenationofJapanitself.Storiessaythattherewassumowrestlingover2,000yearsago.Therearewrittenrecordsofnationalsumotournamentsinthe8thcentury.Inmanysports,athletesarethinandcanmoveveryquickly.However,sumowrestlersweighfrom100to160kilos(kilograms).Onefamouswrestlerweighed195kilos.Sumowrestlersdonotmovequickly,andsumowrestlingisaveryslowsport.Sumowrestlersstarttrainingwhentheyareboys.Theyexercisetomaketheirbodiesstrong.Theyalsoeatalot.Theywrestleinaroundringwithasandfloor.Awrestlerlosesthematchifheleavesthering.Heisalsotheloserifanypartofhisbodyexcepthisfeettouchesthefloor.Eachwrestlertriestopushtheotherdownonthefloororoutofthering.Sometimesonewrestlerjuststepsasidewhentheotherwrestlerrushestowardhim.Then,thewrestlerwhoisrushingfallsdownormovesoutofthering.Sumoisnotverypopularinothercountries,buttheJapanesethinkthatitisaveryexcitingsport.(223words)8TarahumaraFootRacesTheTarahumaraliveinthemountainsinthestateofChihuahuainnorthernMexico.Thisisanareaofhighmountainsanddeeptropicalvalleys.Itsometimessnowsinthemountainsinwinter.Therearenotmanyroads.TheTarahumarawalkwherevertheyneedtogo.Theycarryheavybasketsontheirbacks.PerhapsthisiswhytheTarahumaracanrunmanykilometerswithoutgettingtired.Theyareexcellentrunners,andtheyliketoorganizeraces.Whenthemenrace,theykickawoodenballaheadofthemwhiletheyrun.Beforetheystartracing,theyplanwhereandhowlongtheywillrun.Theymightrunjustafewminutes,ortheymightrunforseveralhours.Sometimestheyruninteams,andsometimeseachpersonrunsasanindividual.Thewomen'sracesaresimilarexceptthatthewomendonotkickaball.Theythrowawoodenhoopinfrontofthemwithastick.Ahoopisaring,oracircle.TheTarahumaraplayothergamesandsports.However,theyarefamousbecausetheycanrunsofastandsofar.(185words)9OlympicSportsThefirstmodernOlympicGamestookplaceinAthens,Greece,intheyear1896.Athletesfromonly13countriesparticipatedintheGamesthatyear.Theycompetedin43differenteventsinjust9sports(trackandfield,swimming,cycling,fencing,gymnastics,shooting,tennis,weightlifting,andwrestling).In2004,thesummerOlympicGamestookplaceonceagaininAthens,Greece.Thistimeathletesfrom202countriescompetedin300eventsin28sports.OnlyfivesportshavebeenineveryOlympicGames.Theyaretrackandfield,swimming,fencing,cycling,andgymnastics.OthersportscomeandgointheOlympicGames.Forexample,tenniswasanOlympicsportfrom1896until1924.ThenitdisappearedfromtheOlympicsuntil1988.Baseball,badminton,andtaekwondoaremorerecentadditionstotheOlympicGames.ItisthejoboftheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)toaddandremovesportsfromtheOlympicGames.Asporthastobepopularinatleast50countriesonthreecontinentsbeforeitcanbeadded.However,theIOCdoesn'twanttoaddmoresportstotheOlympicGameswithouteliminatingothers.TheIOCisafraidthattherewillbetoomanysportsintheOlympics.ArtisticeventswerealsoapartoftheOlympicGamesfrom1912to1948.Therewerecontestsinarchitecture,music,literature,andpainting.TodaysomepeoplethinkthatartisticeventsandgamessuchaschessshouldbepartoftheOlympics.However,manypeopleopposethisidea.TheOlympicGamestodayareverydifferentfromthefirstmodernOlympicGamesin1896.Thesedifferencesreflectthechangingdefinitionandpopularityofsports.(273words)10GreatAthletesYoumightthinkthatOlympicathletesarethehealthiestpeopleintheworld.It'struethatmanyare.However,it'salsotruethatquiteafewOlympicathleteshadtoovercomeillnessesearlyintheirlives.OneexcellentexampleisWilmaRudolph.Shecompetedintrack-and-fieldeventsinthe1960Olympics.Shedidn'twinjustonegoldmedal.Shewonthree.Atthetime,peoplecalledher"thefastestwomanintheworld."Asayoungchild,WilmaRudolphcouldnotparticipateinsports.Shehadaseriesofseriousillnesses,andthen,attheageof4,shegotpolio.Shelosttheuseofherleftleg,andthedoctorssaidshewouldneverwalkagain.ThepeopleinRudolph'sfamilydideverythingtheycouldtohelpherwalkagain.Wilmaandhermotherfrequentlytraveled100milestogettreatmentsforherleg.Herbrothersandsisterstookturnsgivingherlegadailymassage.Fourtimesaday,theyhelpedherdospecialexercisesforherleg.Amazingly,bythetimeRudolphwas9yearsold,shewasabletowalkagain.Beforelong,shestartedplayingbasketballandrunning.Inhighschool,shewasatrackstar,andthenshewenttotheOlympics.WilmaRudolphretiredfromhercareerasarunnerwhenshewas22yearsold.Shethenbecameateacherandtrackcoach.Herstoryencouragedmanypeopletoworkhardandtoovercomedifficulties.(244words)11ThePufferFishMostpeopleavoideatingdangerousfoods.Theydon'twanttogetsick.However,thereisonefoodthatcanbedeadly,yetsomepeopleeatitonpurpose.It'scalledthepufferfish.Thiskindoffish,calledfuguinJapanese,livesinthePacificOcean.Somepeopledieeveryyearfromeatingfugu.Infact,theEmperorofJapanisnotallowedtotouchit.Why?Well,theinsidesofthepufferfishareverypoisonous.Theycontainapoison275timesmorepowerfulthanthedeadlypoisoncyanide.Usuallynothingbadhappenswhenfuguisonarestaurant'smenu.Customersfeelgreatafterthemeal.That'sbecausechefsaretrainedtoremovetheinsidesofthepufferfishbeforetheygiveittocustomers.Iftheymissevenasmallamount,thefishisnotsafetoeat.Pufferfishisveryexpensive.Aplateoffugucostsmorethan$200insomerestaurantsinTokyo.Besidesbeingdangeroustoeat,thefishisveryugly,withspinesalloveritsbody.Also,itcanpuff,orblow,itselfuptodoubleitsnormalsize.WhydotheJapaneserisksomuchforsuchanuglyanddangerousfish?Well,somepeopleliketakingrisks.Andfugutasteswonderful.(211words)12FoodsfromAroundtheWorldFoodsthatarewellknowntoyoumaynotbefamiliartopeoplefromothercountries.Touristsandothertravelersalmostalwaysgettotrysomeunfamiliarfood.Thatispartofthefunoftraveling.Herearefourpeople'sexperienceswithforeignfood.ShaoWongisastudentinFrance.HecomesfromChina."IneverhadcheeseorevenmilkbeforeIcametoFrance.CattlearerareinmypartofChina,sotherearenodairyproducts.IdranksomemilkwhenIfirstarrivedinFrance.Ihatedit!Itriedcheese,too,butIdidn'tlikeit.Iloveicecream,though,andthat'smadefrommilk."BirgitisfromSweden.ShetraveledtoAustraliaonvacation."Iwasinarestaurantthatspecializedinfish,andIheardsomeothercustomersorderflake.SoIorderedsome,too,anditwasdelicious.Later,IfoundoutthatflakeisanAustraliantermforshark.Now,wheneverIseeanewfood,Itryitonpurpose.Youknowwhy?IrememberhowmuchIenjoyedflake."ChandraisadentistinTexas.SheisfromIndia."I'mafraidtotrynewfoodsbecausetheymightcontainbeef.I'maHindu,andmyreligionforbidsmetoeatmeatfromthecow.That'swhyIcan'teathamburgersorspaghettiwithmeatballs."NathanisfromtheUnitedStates.HetaughtforayearinChina."Myfriendsgavemesome100-year-oldeggstoeat.Ididn'tliketheirappearanceatall.Theeggsweregreeninside,butmyfriendssaidthecolorwasnormal.TheChineseputchemicalsonfresheggs.Thentheyburythemintheearthforthreemonths.Sotheeggsweren'treallyveryold.Evenso,Ididn'twanttotouchthem."Lifeinanewcountrycanbescary,butitalsocanbefun.Wouldyoueata100-year-oldegg?Wouldyouordersharkinarestaurant?(328words)13ChocolateWethinkofchocolateassomethingsweet.However,alongtimeago,peoplethoughtofchocolateassomethingverybitter.Forus,chocolateisacandy,butonceitwasamedicine.Today,chocolatecanbeahotdrink,afrozendessert,orjustasnack.Sometimesit'saningredientinthemaincourseofameal.Mexicansmakeahotchocolatesaucecalledmoleandpouritoverchicken.TheMexicansalsoeatchocolatewithspiceslikechilipeppers.Chocolateisaproductofthetropicalcacaotree.Cacaobeanstastesobitterthatevenmonkeyssay"ugh!"andrunaway.ThewordchocolatecomesfromaMayanword.TheMayaswereanancientpeoplewhooncelivedinMexico.Theyvaluedthecacaotree.SomeoftheMayasusedcacaobeansformoney,whileothersgroundthemtomakeabitterdrink.WhentheSpaniardscametoMexicointhe16thcentury,theystarteddrinkingcacao,too.Becausethedrinkwasstrongandbitter,theythoughtitwasamedicine.WhentheSpaniardstookthedrinkbacktoEurope,peoplediscoveredthatsugarremovedthebittertasteofcacao.WealthySpaniardsheatedthesweetdrinkandthoughtthatitwasgoodfortheirhealth.Inthe19thcentury,anEnglishcompanymadethefirstsolidblockofsweetenedchocolate.Nowpeoplecouldbothdrinkandeatchocolate.Later,aSwisscompanymixedmilkandchocolatetogether.Peoplelikedthetasteofmilkchocolateevenbetter.Besidesthechocolatecandybar,oneofthemostpopularAmericansnacksisthechocolate-chipcookie.Favoritedessertsarechocolatecreampieand,ofcourse,anicecreamsundaewithhotfudgesauce.(280words)14TheBlueRevolutionThepopulationoftheworldisincreasingrapidly.By2020,therecouldbe7.5billionpeopleonearth.Willtherebeenoughfoodforallthesepeople,orwillwehaveafoodshortage?Somescientiststhinkfishfarmingcouldsolvethisproblem.However,otherscientistsworrythatfishfarmingcouldcauseseriousenvironmentalproblems.Fishfarmingisnotanewthing.TherewerefishfarmsinChina3,000yearsago.Today,aboutone-thirdofthefishweeatcomesfromfishfarms.Mostfishfarmsraiseplant-eatingfish.Popularkindsofplant-eatingfisharecarp,tilapia,andcatfish.Unfortunately,manyfishfarmsarestartingtoraisemeat-eatingfish.Apopulartypeofmeat-eatingfishissalmon.Thesemeat-eatingfishliveonprocessedfoodmadefromwildfish.However,ittakesupto5tonsofwildfishtoproducejust1tonoffarm-raisedsalmon.Thesupplyofwildfishisalreadydecreasing.Eventually,manytypesofwildfishcouldbecomeextinct.Whatwillwedothen?Criticsoffishfarmingalsosaythatfarm-raisedfishisunhealthyforhumans.Theysaythefishcontainsdangerouschemicals.Theyalsocriticizefishfarmingbecauseitpollutesthewater.Anothercriticismisthatfarm-raisedfishcanspreaddiseasestowildfish.Somepeoplesaythatthefarmingmethodsbeingusednowwon'tproduceenoughfishanyway.Insteadofputtingfishfarmsinlakesornearthecoast,theysaythatthefishfarmsshouldbemovedfaroutintotheocean.Severalcountriesarealreadyexperimentingwithdeep-oceanfarms.Inthefuture,fishfarmsmightbelargecagesthatmoveacrosstheocean.Likemostthings,thereisbothagoodandabadsidetofishfarming.Fishfarmingmayhelptofeedmillionsofpeople.Atthesametime,however,fishfarmingmaydamagetheenvironment.(307words)15Twenty-OneDaysWithoutFoodWhywouldsomeonedecidetostopeating?Weknowthatthebodyneedsfoodinordertofunctionwell.However,manypeoplefastatsometimeduringtheirlives.Whyisthis?Somepeoplefastforpoliticalreasons.Intheearly20thcentury,womeninEnglandandtheUnitedStatesweren'tallowedtovote.Inprotest,manywomenwentonfasts.Theyhopedthatfastingwouldbringattentiontothisinjustice.MohandasGandhi,thefamousIndianleader,fasted17timesduringhislife.ForGandhi,fastingwasapowerfulpoliticaltool.In1943,hefastedtobringattentiontohiscountry'sneedforindependence.For21days,hewentwithoutfood.AnotherfamousfasterwasCesarChavez.Inthe1960s,hefastedforthreeweeks.Why?HisgoalwastobringattentiontotheterribleworkingconditionsoffarmworkersintheUnitedStates.Fastingisalsoaspiritualpracticeinmanyreligions.EveryyearduringthemonthofRamadan,whichisareligiousholiday,Muslimsfastfromsunrisetosunset.ManyHindusfastonspecialoccasions,asdosomeChristiansandBuddhists.Ofcourse,noteveryonefastsforpoliticalorreligiousreasons.Somepeopleoccasionallyfastjustbecauseitmakesthemfeelbetter.TheAmericanwriterMarkTwainthoughtfastingwasthebestmedicineforcommonillnesses.Wheneverhehadacoldorafever,hestoppedeatingcompletely.Hesaidthatthisalwaysmadehiscoldorfevergoaway.AnotherAmericanwriter,UptonSinclair,discoveredfastingafteryearsofovereating,indigestion,andheadaches.Hisfirstfastlastedfor12days.Duringthistime,hisheadachesandstomachacheswentaway.Sinclairsaidthatfastingalsomadehimmorealertandenergetic.Choosingtogowithoutfoodcanbeverydangerous.However,thatdoesn'tstoppeoplefromfastingforpolitical,religious,orhealthreasons.(305words)16TheMarieCelesteTherearemanystoriesabouttheocean.Oneofthestrangestisatruestoryaboutasailingship.Itisamysteryeventoday.In1872,theMarieCelestestartedonatripacrosstheAtlanticOceanwithacrewoftenpeople.Sometimelater,thecaptainofanothership,theDeiGratia,sawtheMarieCeleste.Therewassomethingstrangeaboutitsappearance.Thecaptaincalledout,buttherewasnoanswer.TheMarieCelesteseemeddeserted.Whenthecaptainwenttoinspecttheship,noonecametomeethim.Heknewsomethingwaswrong,buttherewerenosignsofviolence.Nothingwasmissing,andtherewasnodamagetotheship'sinstruments.Andstrangelyenough,therewasfoodonthetable.Wherewaseveryone?DidthecrewjumpfromtheMarieCeleste?Ordidsomethingcomeupfromtheoceanandtakethecaptainandcrewaway?ThecaptainoftheDeiGratialookedaroundforclues.ThelastentryintheMarieCeleste'sdiarywastendaysearlier.However,thefoodonthetablewasonlyafewdaysold.Someonewasontheshipafewdaysbefore,buttheydidn'twriteanythingintheship'sdiary.Why?ThereweremanydifferentexplanationsforthemysteryoftheMarieCeleste.Somepeoplethoughtthatahugeoctopusatethecrew.Otherssaidbadweathercarriedthemaway.AfewpeoplebelievedthattheMarieCelestewasunderacurse,becauseitsankonalatervoyage.NowthattheMarieCelesteliessomewhereatthebottomoftheocean,noonecaneversolvethemystery.(274words)17TheRoanokeSettlementOnlyafewEuropeanslivedinNorthAm