专题名词代词数词冠词主谓致华为

专题一名词、代词、数词、冠词、主谓一致名词一、名词所有格1名词所有格的构成（1）-'s（主要用于人、国家、动物，也有例外）在单数名词或不以s结尾的复数名词后Tom'ssisterWomensDay在s或es结尾的复数名词后theworkers'club在复合名词和作为整体的名词词组后thegobetween'ssbandtwohoursandahalf'swalk比较：Tom'sandNancy'smothersTomandNancy'smother（2）of+名词无生命的拥有者theroofofthechurch名词所有格的两种形式使用有时可以通用表示有生命的东西thehorse'stail=thetailofthehorse表示国家、城市、地区的名词thecountry'splan=theplanofthecountry表示机构的名称theschool'sfuture=thefutureoftheschool表示天体的名词thesun'sdiameter=thediameterofthesun3名词所有格所修饰的词有时可以省略thechemist's,thedentist's4双重所有格afriendofmyfather's二、名词复数的不规则变化可数名词的数（1）单复不同foot（feet）ox（oxen）（2）单复相同deer,Chinese,sheep（3）集合名词（集体名词）class/family/team/committee/crew/staff比较：Ourclassisapleasantone.Theclassareveryfriendlytoeachother.以-s结尾，仍为单数的名词physics,maths复合名词的复数形式daughters-in-law/grown-ups/girlstudents/womennurses注：①可数名词的复数形式可以由冠词、零冠词、除one以外的基数词以及一些限定词修饰。②有些词和词组必须用复数goods货物/forces军队/works工厂/manners礼貌makefriendswith/taketurns/giveregardsto2、不可数名词的数可以通过一些单位量词来计数：女口：apieceofnewsaflashofhopeagustofwind有些单位量词可以来计数可数名词：apairofscissorsasetofbooks例题解析Theyoungdancerlookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetookpicturesofthem.A.manyofB.massesofC.thenumberofD.alargeamountofAsaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargeofdesertcoveredtheland.A.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;have3、物质名词的数物质名词一般做不可数名词，但有时其复数形式代表了不同的词义。sand/sands沙滩water/waters水域4、专有名词的数专有名词一般无复数形式，除非其本身就是复数名词，如theUnitedStates但姓氏的复数可表示一家人或同名同姓的几个人。theSmithsMr.Smiths代词一、在比较级的句子中than,as后用主格、宾格都可以。(但有时有区别)MymotherlovesmysistermorethanI.Mymotherlovesmysistermorethanme.二、两个以上人称代词并列，其次序排列顺序原则。you,sheandI三、she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。Theshiphasbeenusedforalongtime,soshewillretireafterthisvoyage.四、this\that的用法：this(these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物，that(those反而亦之。this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用，that反而亦之。Iwanttotellyouthis:theEnglishpartywillbeheldtomorrow.Hehurthislegyesterday.Thatswhyhedidn'tcome.3为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已经提过的名词。TheweatherinBJiscolderthanthatinSH.五、such和same的用法：such指“这样的”人或事物，在句中做主语或定语。same指“同样的”人或事物，在句中做主语、表语、宾语和定语。六、any的用法与句中表示否定的副词连用。(hardly,scarcely,seldom)Thereishardlyanymilkinthisbottle.句中含有一些表示否定意义的结构。(too---to)Themountainistoohighforanyofustoclimbup在条件句中或在含有whether\if引导的宾语从句中。Ifthereisanyinformationforanyone,pleasetellme.七、one和ones的用法:可以做定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”，所有格是one's，反身代词是oneself.可以代替前面提到的名词，一避免重复，可用this\that\these\those修饰。八、it的用法：代替前面提到的短语、从句或动词可以充当形式主语，后跟that从句itseems,itappears,,ithappensItseemsthathehasarrivedherenow.it与one的区别it指代上文同类同一事物，one表示同类，但不同的另一事物ThatisabookonthedeskJtisred.Thatisagoodbook.Ineedone.it与that,which的区别①it充当形式主语，形式宾语，不能用thatthat在定语从句中，关系代词只能用that和which,在强调句型中只能用ItwasatourschoolgatethatImetanoldfriend.表示猜测看不清楚的人例题解析：Bothsideshaveaccusedofbreakingthecontract.A.anotherB.theotherC.neitherD.each数词一、年月的表示：the1900's=the1900sthe1980's=the1980s二、分数：twothirdsoneandahalf例题解析：Thisropeisaslongasthatone.A.second-thirdB.two-thirdC.two-threesD.twothirds三、小数：整数部分为零时，可省略不读。当小数后接名词时，值大于1，名词用复数；反而亦之四、百分数：构成：apercentageof/twentypercent常与by,to连用，在句中做状语：Thepricewasreducedbythirtypercent.五、dozen/score的用法：之前加上大于1的基数词，依然用单数形式。twodozenpens其复数形式+of表示“几十个或很多”scoresofbottles六、倍数的表达：基数词+timesas+形、副原级+as基数词+times+形、副比较级+than基数词+timesthe+表示大小、数量的名词+ofthreetimesthesizeofthatone冠词一、不定冠词：用于价格、速度、比率等的词组中。sixtymilesanhourfourtimesaday二、定冠词的特殊用法：“the+单数名词”可表示一类人或事物，后动词用单数。Thecomputercalculatesfasterthanthebrain.在海洋、河流、群岛、山脉、沙漠、地区等专有名词前以及本身为复数形式的国名前。theAtlantic/theNetherlands/theThames三、零冠词泛指可数名词复数，抽象名词和物质名词。Manisgreat.语言或学科名词前。FrenchismyfavoriteIanguage.四、冠词之差，意义有别。attable/atthetable例题解析Asarule,domesticservantsdoingoddjobsarepaid.A.bythehourB.byhourC.byanhourD.byhoursAnaccidenthappenedatcrossroadsafewmetersawayfrombank.A.a;aB./;aC./;theD.the;/Thecakesaredelicious.He'dliketohavethirdonebecausesecondoneisrathertoosmall.A.a;aB,the;theC.a;theD.the;arecentreportstatedthatthenumberofSpanishspeakersintheU.S.wouldbehigherthanthenumberofEnglishspeakersbyyear2090.A.A;theB.A;/C.The;/D.The;a主谓一致一、含有and的表达：and/both…and,指单数意义，动词用单数Hamandeggs（火腿肠）isagoodbreakfast.含and的省略结构，意义为复数，动词用复数Whattosayandthinkarenoneofyourbusiness.表示整体概念的并列结构，后动词用单数lawandorder,awatchandchain,theworkerandpoeteach…andeach…/every…andeveiry…an/no…/manya…andmanya…的结构，动词用单数Everyboyandeverygirlhastofinishthework.二、population的使用a/thepopulationof，动词用单数分数+population，动词用复数三、集体名词做主语作复数的：police,people,cattle,doze动词用复数作不可数名词的：machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise动词用单数作为整体，谓语动词用单数；指成员，谓语动词用复数：audienee,committee,class,club,crew,family,government,group,team,staff.四、以表示非确定数量的名词词组做主语如果名词词组的中心词是all,most,half,rest等词，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之用单数。Allofthestudentsareveryhappy.Allsoundsverystrangetome.alargequantityof修饰可数名词和不可数名词，其短语做主语，谓语动词用单数。如果主语是代词some谓语动词用复数；若主语是such（此时可视为倒装），谓语单复数由其后的表语单复数决定。Sucharethefacts.Suchjsthereason.五、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题以-s结尾的名词如：arms,clothes,contents,fireworks,goods,stairs,thanks,wa|^s通常作复数。以-ings结尾的名词如：belongings,surroundings,earningM常作复数。以-s结尾的单、复数同形的名词，谓语动词的单复数取决于这些名词的单复情况，如：means,series,species,works.Everymeanshasbeentried.Allmeanshavebeentried.工厂、住宅、等，作主名词所有格后的名词被省，这种情况一般是指商店、语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Thebaker'isnotfarfrommyhome.表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但作主语时，谓语动词常常用复数。如:Richardsonhavealotofgoodstosell.六、不定代词作主语either,neither,each,one,theother,another,any-some-,no-,every-,noone,little,alittle作主语时，被看为单数，谓语动词用单数。some,most,all,any,alotof,plenty等用来代替复数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词与其后的名词形式保持一致。Someoftheapplesaregood.Someofthesandishard.七、主语若是 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 名、剧名、报刊杂志名称时，即使名词是复数形式，谓语动词还是用作单数。TheSevenDwarfssaveryinterestingstory.八、定语从句先行词的单复数决定从句中谓语动词的单复数情况。Thosewhowanttogoshouldsignyournameshere.Heisoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatmaths.九、以“theonlyone/eveoneof+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句的先行词是theonlyone/everyone，从句中的谓语动词为单数。Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtodothejob.例题解析：Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschoolabroadtostudymedicine.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensentProfessorWang,alongwithhisassistants,ontheprojectdayandnight.A.workB.workingC.isworkingD.areworkingEquippedwithmodernfacilities,today'slibrariesdiffer.greatlyfromA.thoseofthepastB.thepastC.whichofthepastD.thesepastNooneinthedepartmentbutTomandIthatthedirectorisgoingtoresign.A.knowsB.knowC.haveknownD.amtoknowTruthandhonestythebestpolicy.A.areB.isC.wasD.havebeen