动词不定式复习课件

一、动词不定式的优势：可以作除了谓语动词以外的所有成分;动词不定式的缺陷：只能 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示“将来和未发生”。二、动词不定式的时态和语态：时态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone第一页不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。第二页三、动词不定式的功能：1．名词、形容词、副词。2.可作成分：除谓语以外的所有成分。（1）作主语：1.Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnecessaryforacollegestudent.2.Itisgoodmannerstohelppeopleintrouble.（形式主语问题）（2）作表语1.Yourjobistowashdishes.2.AllIdidwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.★当作表语的不定式解释主语中do的意义时，to可以省略。第三页（3）作宾语一些动词要用不定式作宾语,常见的动词有want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,expect,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,try,pretend,learn,afford,need等。Shepromisedtogivehimachance.决心学会选 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 ，拒绝答应想假装。主动设法愿希望，同意请求帮一帮。准备威胁易声称，渴望 申请 关于撤销行政处分的申请关于工程延期监理费的申请报告关于减免管理费的申请关于减租申请书的范文关于解除警告处分的申请 败踌躇。decide/determine,learn,choose,plan;refuse,promise,want/attempt,pretend.offer,manage,expect/wish/hope;agree,ask/beg,help.prepare,threaten,tend,claim;desire/long,apply,fail,hesitate第四页★少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语1.Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.2.Theydidn’topentheirmouthsexcepttocomplain.当句子中含有实义动词do（做）的某种形式或有情态动词修饰时,动词不定式省去to,否则不省.Hedoesnothingbutplayallday.Atthenewsshedidn’tsayanythingbuttocry.Cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut之间的不定式一般不带to,常翻译为“不得不”Icannotbutadmirehercourage.Hecannotchoosebutdoit.Icannothelpbutloveit.第五页（4）作宾语补足语Theteachertoldhisstudentstopaymoreattentiontotheirpronunciation.A.不定式作补语，可根据需要在前加how,where,when,what等疑问词。Couldyoutellmehowtorepairthemachine?Noonetoldmewheretofindhim.Pleaseshowuswhattodowiththesesentencepatterns.B.不定式在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役动词let,make,have等后面作宾语补足语时,不加to,help后可加可不加.在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补。Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Havehimcomein,please.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogototheconcert.第六页（5）作主语补足语Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhislessons.主语补足语就是主动语态中的宾语补足语Shewasseentogooutaminuteago.Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking.Hewasheardpractisingsingingasongthistimeyesterday.第七页（6）作定语与所修饰词在逻辑上有以下几种关系Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主谓关系)Hehasanimportantmeetingtoattend.(动宾关系)Hekeepshispromisetowritetousregularly.(同位关系)不定式作宾语，动词如果不是及物动词，后面应加必要的介词Theiceistoothinforustowalkon.IhiredaroomtoliveinwhenintheUS.第八页（7）作目的状语to可用inorderto或soasto代替（soasto不能置于句首）。ShegotofftheraininBeijingtoseeafriend.SomescientistswenttoGermanytoattendamedicalconference.Theystartedveryearlyinordernottomissthetrain.第九页（8）作结果状语不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，而且不定式前常有only,never,强调惊讶或失望。V-ing作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系。Hehurriedtohishouse,onlytofinditwasbrokeninto.Istoodthere,nevertobefeelingsostupid.Herparentsdied,leavingheranorphan.Therewasatornadoyesterday,causing100deaths.HeseemstoknowFrench.Iexpecttohearfromyousoon.Theboypretendedtobelisteningwhentheteacherlookedathim.Heseemstohavereadthenovel.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisabouthowtostopthepollution.I’dliketohavebeentoldthenewsearlier.第十页四、不定式的复合结构1.疑问词+不定式的复合结构Whentostarthasnotbeendecidedyet.Theproblemishowtopersuadehimtochangehismind.Wemustlearnwhattodoinfaceofdifficulties.Iwonderifyoucouldtellmehowtogettothestation.第十一页2.带有逻辑主语的结构It’skindofyoutolendmesuchabeautifulnecklace.It’simportantforustomasteraforeignlanguage.Thefirstthingforustodoistocleantheroom.★Itisofsb.todo此结构中的形容词说明逻辑主语的特征，可作逻辑主语的表语★Itisforsb.todo此结构中的形容词说明句中行为动词的特征Itisfoolishofyoutosaysuchwords.Youarefoolishtosaysuchword.Itisnecessaryforustolearnourlessonswell.Wearenecessarytolearnourlessonswell.第十二页动词不定式中的几个难点第十三页一、难记住的动词。一些谓语动词后只能接带to的不定式作宾语，这样的谓语动词大约40个，我们可以编成口诀来辅助记忆。口诀：决心学习想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。解析：decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.第十四页二、难辨清的动词。有些谓语动词后既可以接不定式to又可以接动名词ing，但意义不相同。remember,forget,regret…接不定式表将来、未发生，译成“要……”；接动名词表已完成，译成“做过……”;IstillremembertotheShaolinTempleandwhatIsawthere.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken2009(答案D)2.trytodo表“设法、千方百计”，trydoing表“试着……”；3.stoptodo表“停止原来的事情去做另外的事情”，stopdoing表“停止做某事”；4.goontodo表“继续做另一事情”，goondoing表“继续做原来的事情”；“Somuchforthenewwordsandexpressions;let’sgoon_______thetext.”theteachersaidwithasmile.totalkaboutB,talkingaboutC,tobetalkingD,talkabout（答案A）5.meantodo表“想要……”,meandoing表“意思是、意味着”；第十五页6.当want,require,need，demand,deserve，bear表示“需要、要求”等时，常用动名词的主动形式表被动意思，也可以用动词不定式的被动形式；Thisroomneeds_______.It’stooshabby.paintB.paintingC.topainD.painted（答案B）7.onlytodo表“结果却……”,onlydoing表“结果是……”；8.can’thelptodo表“不能帮助做某事”，can’thelpdoing表“忍不住做某事”；9.情感动词like,dislike,love,hate,prefer等接todo表“一次性动作”，接doing表“习惯性动作”。如：Ilikeshopping,butIdon’tliketogoshoppingtoday.10.need,dare在陈述句中作行为动词，后接todo,在疑问句和否定句中可作情态动词，后接动词原形。第十六页三、作宾补时，在主动态中省掉to,在被动态中补起来的谓语动词。此类动词我们可以概括为：五看：lookat,see,watch,notice,observe;三使：let,make,have;二听：listento,hear;一感觉：feel.如：Thebossmadethemworkfrommorningtillnight.→Theyweremadetoworkfrommorningtillnight.第十七页四、介词but,except,besides，otherthan及动词hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than…后的动词。如果介词前有行为动词do的某种形式，或被情态动词can,could修饰则介词后用动词原形（及不带to的不定式），否则用todo。如：Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.Ican’tchoosebuttolaugh.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.第十八页五、不定式结构的逻辑主语用forsb.还是ofsb.主要由作表语的形容词来决定。通常表示“态度、评价”的形容词后用of，如：kind,bad,polite,right,wrong,careless…反之用for.Itwasdifficultformetodothework.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.Itwascarelessofhertomakesuchamistake.第十九页六、多个动词连用现象。在某些句型中，当主语部分有行为动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号“to”，如：Allwehavetodoispushthebutton.（三动词连用）TheonlythingIcandoisgoonbymyself.（四动词连用）AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.（四动词连用）第二十页七、不定式后是否带介词。当处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面应加上必要的介词，如：Shehasalotofthingstoattendto.Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafter.Let’sfirstfindaroomtoputthethingsin.※判断是否带介词的最简单办法是：将动词和前面的名词联起来读，如果需要才通顺就带介词。如：Hehasmanyactivitiestogoinfor.(只有goinfor才有参加的意思，缺少in或者for，意思就改变了。)第二十一页八、下列结构用主动还是被动？1.如果不定式与最近的名词有主谓关系，但与句中的另一名词有主谓关系，用主动形式表被动。Hehasnoonetotakecareof.(与noone是动宾关系，但与he是主谓关系)Theyfoundthelecturehardtounderstand.Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?(是“你”洗)，如果是问“我问你是否有衣服要我洗”则用Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?2.在以Therebe引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的不定式用主动被动都可以。Thereisnotimetolose/tobelost.3.不定式在以下形容词后:easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,cheap,expensive,good,nice,safe,dangerous,important,interesting,pleasant,(im)possible,fun等用主动形式表被动意思。Thisquestionisdifficult_____(answer).Doyouthinkhimeasy_____(work)with?4.Thehouseistolet\Themanageristoblame.\Thereasonisnotfartoseek.第二十二页九、简略回答中省略到什么程度？一般说来，省略结构中带到to为止，但to后若是主动词have或be时，必须保留；如果谓语动词是like则后面的to被省掉。1.---Sorry,Ididn’tfinisheddoingmyhomework..---Yououghttohave.2.Ourschoolisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.3.Youmaygoifyoulike.第二十三页训练题第二十四页I.Rewritethesentences,usingthewordsgiventoyou.1.“Whydon’tyouplaytheroleofqueenintheplay?”Iencouragedher_____________________intheplay.2.“Don’tforgettowearyourgloves.It’sfreezing.”Iremindedher______________________asitwasfreezing.3.“Youcan’ttaketheboxoftreasureaway.”Ididnotallowher________________oftreasureaway4.“Whycan’ttheysingsomewell-knownsongs?”I’dpreferthem___________somewell-knownsongs5.“Doyouwanttounderstandthepoem?I’llhelpyou.”.Ihelpedhim__________________________toplaytheroleofqueentowearherglovestotaketheboxtosing(to)understandthepoem.第二十五页II.Combinethesesentences1.Shethoughtofthisideafirst.(Shewasthefirstperson…)Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea2.Weneedtoweightheflesh.(Let‘sfindsomething…)Let’sfindsomethingtoweightheflesh.3.Isthereanythingyouwishtosay?(Whatdoyouhave…)Whatdoyouhavetosay?4.Thatwillbetheonlythingwehavetodonow.(Thatwillbetheonlything…)Thatwillbetheonlythingtodo.第二十六页III.Completethefollowingsentences:1.Weweresurprised(听到那个消息)___________________.2.Wehaveto（为了赶第一班火车而起早床）______________________________3.Heisconsidered（是一位伟大的科学家）_____________________4.Toseeis（才相信）______________.5.Ihave（许多话要说）______________________.6.It’simpossible（对于他来说一个人去）______________________.7.Shepromised（根本没犯错误）____________________________.8.Ifind（要想理解他很困难）__________________________.9.（为了赶早班车）_________________,we’dbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi.tohearthenewsgetupearlytocatchthefirsttrain.tobeagreatscientist.tobelievealotofwordstosayforhimtogoalonetomakenomistakesatallitdifficulttounderstandhimTocatchthetrain第二十七页IV.MultipleChoices:1.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdon’tknow___.A.todoitB.howtoC.whattodoitD.howtodo2.Hisvoicemademe_____terrible.A.TofeelB.feelC.feelsD.felt3.Myparentstoldme____peoplewhentheyareintrouble.A.neverlaughatB.nottolaughatC.don’tlaughatD.notlaughat4.It’sbadmanners____rudetopeople.A.tobeB.areC.beD.tobeing5.It’sinteresting_____ustotakepartinthegames.A.ofB.toC.forD.at第二十八页6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,___itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingDexpects8.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Iwouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone第二十九页按要求完成下列句子1.Asaforeignlanguagelearningbeginner,LiHuafindsitdifficult_________________________inaforeignlanguage.(understand)作为一名外语初学者，李华发现要想用外语把自己的意思表达清楚不容易。2.Mymother______________________toShanghaitoseeme,butshewastoobusytocome.(intend)我妈妈本打算到上海来看我的，但她太忙了未能来。3..WiththefilmTheAmazingSpider-Man__________,allthestudentsintheschoolfeltveryexcited.(show)因为要放映电影《超凡蜘蛛侠》，学校所有的学生非常兴奋。4.Whetheryou’reatwork,walkingpets,ordoingthedishes,_____________________thinkhardaboutwhatyouaredoingcanpayoffgreatly.(use)无论你是在工作，遛狗或洗碗，利用这些时间认真思考你在做的事，你会大有收获。tomakehimselfunderstoodhadintendedtogotoshowusingthistimeto第三十页5.Accordingtothedoctor,Jane’smothergotsoseverelyinjuredandneeded______________________immediately.(operate)医生认为，简的妈妈受伤太重，需要立刻手术。6.______________________whethersmogwillcausegreaterdamageinChinaandevenintheworld.(remain)雾霾是否会在中国甚至全世界造成更大的危害，这还有待观察。7.Whathappenedtothelittlegirl?Shelookedpale.Sheseemed____________________somethingfrightened.(experience)小女孩怎么了？她脸色苍白。她似乎经历了什么可怕的事。8..Uptonow,theinvestigationteamhasn’tfoundwhoitis_________________________thecollapseofthebuilding.(blame)迄今为止，调查小组还没弄清到底谁该为居民楼的坍塌负责。9.Seeingtheshipbegantotipandsink,thecaptainfeltcompletelyasaloss____________________theemergency,whichdirectlyresultedinthedisaster.(do)看到船开始倾斜并下沉，船长对这个紧急情况完全不知如何应付，这直接导致了灾难。tobeoperatedon/operatingon.Itremainstobeseentohaveexperiencedthatistoblameforwhattodowith第三十一页ThankYou!第三十二页