北语秋阅读(II)作业4

(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)1:NoonethoughtofanythingevenalittlebitlikethezipperuntilWhitecombL.Judsoncamealong.Therewerebuttonsandbutton-holes,hooksandeyes,lacesandbuckles.Theyalltookanirritatinglylongtimetodoup,especiallywhenmenworehigh-lacedbootsandfashionableladiessqueezedthemselvesintolongcorsets.WhitecombL.Judson£§sslide-fastenerwasanout-of-the-blueinvention,andnooneknowswhatgavehimtheidea.Nooneevenknowsmuchabouthim,exceptthathewasamechanicalengineerlivinginChicagoandthathepatentedotherinventions,todowithastreetrailwaysystemandmotor-cars.Judsoninventedthefirstzipper(called,atthetime,aClaspLockerorUnlocker)in1891.Thisingeniouslittledevicelookssosimple,andtheprinciplebehinditissimple:onerowofhooksandeyesslottingneatlyintoanotherrowbymeansofatab.Yetittook22years,manyimprovementsandanotherinventortomakethezipperreallypractical.ÎÊÌ⣺BeforeJudsoninventedthezipper,peoplefoundbuttoningclothestobe()A:interestingB:burdensomeC:easyD:comfortableÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)2:Inthe(haze)Isawtwoofmytrekmates.A:darknessB:lightC:thinmistD:heavysmogÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)3:The12thlunarmonthinChineseiscalledlayue(themonthtoworshipallthedeities).The8thdayofthe12thelunarmonthistheLabaFestival.ItistreatedasthebeginningoftheChineseholidayseason.AftertheLabaFestival,peopleenterintothebusypreparationfortheLunarNewYear.ThemainactivityoftheLabaFestivaliscookingandsharingthespeciallabagruel(laba-zhou).MostpeoplebelieveithasacloserelationtoSakyamuni,theBuddha.Helefthiscomfortablehomeandsetoffinsearchofthefinalenlightenment.Afterdaysoftravellingwithoutrest,hecollapsednearariverinnorthernIndia.Hewasrevivedbyawanderingshepherdess,whoofferedhimherlunchoffamilyleftoversconsistingofstickycereal,glutinousrice,dates,chestnutsandwildfruit.Afterconsumingthisrepast,Sakyamunitookabatchandsatunderatreeformeditation,wherehefinallyattainedenlightenment.Theverydaywasthe8thdayofthelastlunarmonth.Themealwastheoriginallabagruel.ÎÊÌ⣺Sakyamuniateamealwhichwasmadeofallthefollowingexcept()A:wildfruitB:riceC:cerealD:meatÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)4:Astronomers£¨ÌìÎÄѧ¼Ò£©cantelljusthowhotthesurfaceofthemoongets.Thesideofthemoontowardthesungetstwodegreeshotterthanboilingwater£¨·ÐË®£©.Thenightsidereaches243degreesbelowzero£¨Áã¶È£©.Inaneclipse£¨ÔÂÊ´£©,theearth'sshadowfallsonthemoon.Thenthemoon'stemperaturemaydrop300degreesinaveryshorttime.Atemperaturechangelikethiscannothappenontheearth.Whydoesithappenonthemoon?Astronomersthinkthatthesurfaceofthemoonisdust.Ontheearth,rocksstoreheatfromthesun.Whenthesungoesdown,therocksstaywarm.Butthedustofthemooncannotstoreheat.Sowhenthemoongetsdark,theheatescapesquickly.Themoongetsverycold.ÎÊÌ⣺Astronomershavefoundthatthemoon'ssurfaceis£¨£©A:alwayshotterthanboilingwaterB:eitherveryhotorverycoldC:usuallymanydegreesbelowzeroD:aboutthesameasthatoftheearthÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)5:WhileIwasworkingasachildpsychologist,aprincipalphonedme."I'mbaffled,"hesaid."Achildhaswrittenanessaycalled¡®ThePropertiesoftheNucleus.¡¯"Histeachercan'tunderstandit.NeithercanI."IwenttotheschoolandmetMark,aneight-year-oldwithgingerhairandfreckles.Helookedlikeaveryordinaryboytome.Iproceededwiththeintelligencetest."WhatisMars?"Iasked.Mostchildrenhisagesay,"Achocolatebar."Hedescribedtheplanetindetail.Hequicklycompletedthetests,includingamathtestformucholderchildren.Thenhelookedatmeasiftosay:"Can'tyoucomeupwithsomethingmoredifficult?"Ihadseengiftedchildrenbefore,butthisboywas"offthemap"asfarasassessinghisIQwasconcerned.Mark'sprincipleandarrangedforMarktobetutoredbyascienceteacher.Butinmanywayshewasjustanormalchild.Wewantedhimtobesociallyadjustedaswellasintellectuallyoutstanding.SowealsoencouragedhimtojointheClubScoutsandwekepthiminclasswithkidsofhisageforthetimebeing.IaskedMark'sparentswhattheythoughtofhim."Hecanbeapainintheneck,"hismothersaid."Heaskssuchimpossiblequestions,"shesmiled."Butwelovehimdearly."Thiswascrucial.Liketherestofus,giftedchildrenneedtobeloved.Hegainedafirst-classhonorsdegreefromCambridge,isnowchairmanofhisowncomputercompanyandishappilymarriedwithtwochildren.ÎÊÌ⣺Theboy'sparentslookedupontheirsonas()A:arealgeniusB:anormalboyC:amischievousboyD:aboythatneedsloveÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)6:MostAmericansthinkthaticecreamisasAmericanasbaseballandapplepie.ButicecreamwasknownlongbeforeAmericanwasdiscovered.TheRomanemperorNeromayhavemadeakingoficecream.Hehiredhundredsofmentobringsnowandicefromthemountains.Heusedittomakecolddrinks.TravelerMarcoPolobroughtbackrecipesforchilledandfrozenmilkfromChina.Hundredsofyearslater,icecreamreachedEngland.ItissaidthatKingCharlesIenjoyedthattreatverymuch.Thereisastorythathebribedhiscooktokeeptherecipeforicecreamaroyalsecret.Todayicecreamisknownthroughouttheworld.Americansaloneeatmorethantwobillionquartsayear.ÎÊÌ⣺MarcoPoloisknownas()A:aRomanemperorB:theinventoroficecreamC:aroyalcookD:atravelertoChinaÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)7:Twobasicmodelsofparentalinfluenceemergefromallthiscompetitionandvariety,however.One,looselybasedonFreudianideas,haspresentedanimageofthevulnerablechild:childrenaresensitivebeings,easilydamagednotonlybytraumaticeventsandemotionalstress,butalsobyoverdosesofaffection.The2ndmodelisthatofthebehaviorists,whoseintellectualancestors,theempiricistphilosophers,describedthechild'smindasatabularasa,orblankslate.Thebehavioristmodelofchild-rearingisbasedontheviewthatthechildismalleable,andparentsarethereforecastintheroleofPygmalionswhocanshapetheirchildrenhowevertheywish."Givemeadozenhealthyinfants,well-formed,andmyownspecifiedworldtobringthemupin,"wroteJ.B.Watson,thefatherofmodernbehaviorism,"andI'llguaranteetotakeanyoneatrandomandtrainhimtobeanytypeofspecialistImight-doctor,lawyer,artist,merchant,chief,andyes,evenbeggarmanandthief!"Theimageofthevulnerablechildcallsforgentleparentswhoaresensitivetotheirchild'sinner-mostthoughtsandfeelingsinordertoprotecthimfromtrauma.Theimageofthemalleablechildrequiresstemparentswhocoollyfollowthedictatesoftheirownexplicittrainingprocedures:onlytheearlyeradicationofbadhabitsineating,sleeping,crying,canfendoffpermanentmaladjustments.ÎÊÌ⣺Theimageofthemalleablechildneedsparentswhoare()A:tenderB:sensitiveC:moderateD:strictÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)8:TheinventorofspectaclesprobablylivedinthetownofParis,Italy,around1286,andwasalmostcertainlyacraftsmanworkinginglass.Butnobodyknowshisname.WeonlyknowthismuchabouthimbecauseFriarGiordanepreachedasermononeWednesdaymorninginFebruary1306atachurchinFlorence."It£§snotyet20yearssincetherewasfoundtheartofmakingeye-glasseswhichmakeforgoodvision,"saidtheFriar."Oneofthebestartsandmostnecessarythattheworldhas.Soshortatimeisitsincetherewasinventedanewartthatneverexisted.Ihaveseenthemanwhofirstinventedandcreatedit,andIhavetalkedtohim."WeknowwhatFriarGiordanesaidbecauseadmirerscopiedhissermonsdownashegavethem.Theinventorofspectaclesapparentlykeptthemethodofmakingthemtohimself.Perhapshethoughtthiswasthebestwayofgettingmoneyfromhisinvention.Buttheideasoongotaround.Asearlyas1300,craftsmeninVenice,thecentreofEurope£§sglassindustry,weremakingthenew"disksfortheeyes".Spectaclesatfirstwereonlyshapedforfar-sightedpeople.Concavelenses,forshort-sightedpeople,werenotdevelopeduntilthelate15thcentury.Spectaclesallowedpeopletogoonreadingandstudyinglongafterbadeyesightwouldnormallyhaveforcedthemtogiveup.Theywerelikeanewpairofeyes.Theinventorofsuchavaluablethingshouldbehonored,everyonethought.Butforcenturiesnoonehadanyideawhotheinventorreallywas.Soallkindsofcandidateswereputforward:Dutch,English,German,Italiansfromrivalcities.AfakememorialwaserectedlastcenturyinachurchinFlorencetohonoramanasthetrueinventorofspectacles-butheneverevenexisted.ÎÊÌ⣺Thefirstspectalcesweremadefor()A:anyonewhohadaneyetroubleB:thefar-sightedC:theshort-sightedD:boththefar-sightedandtheshort-sightedÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)9:MostAmericansthinkthaticecreamisasAmericanasbaseballandapplepie.ButicecreamwasknownlongbeforeAmericanwasdiscovered.TheRomanemperorNeromayhavemadeakingoficecream.Hehiredhundredsofmentobringsnowandicefromthemountains.Heusedittomakecolddrinks.TravelerMarcoPolobroughtbackrecipesforchilledandfrozenmilkfromChina.Hundredsofyearslater,icecreamreachedEngland.ItissaidthatKingCharlesIenjoyedthattreatverymuch.Thereisastorythathebribedhiscooktokeeptherecipeforicecreamaroyalsecret.Todayicecreamisknownthroughouttheworld.Americansaloneeatmorethantwobillionquartsayear.ÎÊÌ⣺Morethan2billionquartsoficecreamhavebeeneaten()A:byAmericansinoneyearB:allovertheworldinoneyearC:sincethetimeofNeroD:sinceAmericawasdiscoveredÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)10:Atthe1908OlympicsinLondontheMarathonracewasheldonaveryhotday.TheracestartedatWindsorCastle,oneofthehomesoftheRoyalFamily,sothattheRoyalchildrencouldseetherunnersleave.Theracewasplannedtocontinuefor26miles385yards(42,195metres),nowtheaccepteddistanceforthisrace,intoCentralLondon.Becauseofthegreatheat,however,manyrunnershadtogiveupbeforetheycouldfinishtherace.Towardstheend,thelargecrowdwaitedwithgreatexcitementfortheSouthAfrican,CharlesHefferon,tocomeintothestadiumfirst.Theyweresurprised,however,whenthe1stmantoappearwasthesmallItalian,PietriDorando.Dorandowasbynowextremelytiredandweakand,ashewasrunningroundthestadiumtowardsthefinishingline,hefelltothegroud,unabletocontinue.Doctorsrushedtohelphimandhesoongottohisfeetandcontinued,withloudcheersfromthecrowd.Ashecameclosetothelinehehadtobehelpedagain,thistimebyajournalist,butfinallyhefinishedtherace.Hewasnot,ofcourse,allowedtoreceivethegoldbecausehehadhadhelpduringtherace.Afterwards,Dorandoarguedunsuccessfullythathehadnotaskedforthishelp.ButthemedalwasgiventoanAmerican,Hayes,whohadfinishedsecond.However,DorandolaterreceivedaspecialgoldcupfromQueenAlexandraforhiscourage.ÎÊÌ⣺agoodtitleforthepassageis()A:Dorando,herooftheOlympicsB:Dorando,thefastestrunnerC:AMarathonraceheldonahotdayD:whowasthe1strunner?ÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)11:Atfirst,shewasalmostalarmingly(apathetic)andseemedtobetotallyuninterestedinmyvisit.A:activeB:indifferentC:emotionalD:enthusiasticÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)12:"Anothergrayday,grayandgloomy,"shemuttered,thoughreallytherainwasmorethanwelcomeafterlastyear's(drought).A:lackofrainB:heavystormC:strongwindD:heavysnowÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)13:ThehistoryoftheWinterGames,however,hasbeenevenmoretroubledthanthatoftheSummerGames.Until1924allthewintersportscompetitions,heldevery4yearsfrom1901to1917andagainin1992,hadbeenintheScandinaviancountries-Sweden,NorwayandFinland.ThesportsmenofthesecountriesbelievedthattheWinterGamescouldonlybeheldintheScandinavianway.Coubertin,himself,wasagainstaseparateWinterOlympicsashefeltthattheywouldcausetroublewithintheOlympicmovement.However,aswinterholidaysintheAlpsbecamemoreandmorepopular,sodidtheideaofatrulyinternationalWinterGames.ThefirstWinterOlympicswereheldinChamonixin1924,thoughtheywereonlyrecognizedbytheInternationalOlympicCommitteeas"Olympic"twoyearslaterin1926.Althoughthereweremanyargumentsbeforethem,the1stGameswereasuccess,buttheproblemsdidnotendthere.In1935,itwasdecidedbytheIOCthatskiteacherscouldnotcompeteintheOlympicsbecausetheywereprofessionals.ThiscausedabigargumentbetweentheIOCandtheInternationalSkiFederation,whoagreedwiththeskiteachersand,asthetwoorganizationscouldcometoanendverysoonaftertheirbeginning.However,warcameandwithitanendtothediscussions.Whenthewarwasfinallyover,theWinterGameswerestartedupagain,asbefore,inStMoritzin1948andthecrisishadpassed.ÎÊÌâ:theabovepassagemainlydiscusses()A:thebirthofthewinterOlympicsB:theproblemsoftheWinterOlympicsC:thehistoryoftheWinterOlympicsD:thenecessityforaseparateWinterOlympicsÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)14:Newmeasurementstakenfromsleepingpeopleexplain,atleastinpart,whydreamstendtohavesuchbizarrebutvividstorylines.ThefindingsdealablowtotheFreudianinterpretationofdreamsbutleaveopenthepossibilitythatsomeusefulpersonalmeaningcanbeextractedfromthem.Themainpurposeofdreams,however,theauthorsofthenewstudybelieve,istotestwhetherthebrainhashadenoughsleepand,ifso,towakeitup.Thenewresultsshowthatinsleep,thefrontallobesofthebrainareshutdown.Intheabsenceofactivityintheselobes,whichintegrateotherinformationandmakesenseoftheoutsideworld,thesleepingbrain'simagesaredrivenbyitsemotionalcenters.Thecontentofthesedreamsmaybevividandgrippingbutlackscoherence.Thenewresultsareconsistentwiththetheorythatmemoriesareconsolidatedduringsleep.Fromthepatternofactivitythatwasrecorded,"itseemsthatmemoriesalreadyinthesystemarebeingreadoutandfiledintermsoftheiremotionalsalience,withisanextremelyinterestingidea,"saidDr.J.AllanHobsonofHarvardMedicalSchool.ThenewmeasurementsweremadebyapplyingthetechniqueknownasPETscanningtosleepingsubjects.Thebiologistsfocusedonthetwoformsofsleep,knownasslow-wavesleepandREMsleep.REMsleep,sonamedbecauseoftherapideyeballmovementsthatoccurthen,takespalceaboutfourtimesduringthenightandisthephasefromwhichthemostvividdreamsarerecalled.ÎÊÌ⣺Thenewresultsofthestudy()A:showthatinsleepthefrontallobesofthebrainareactiveB:recordthepatternofdreamactivityC:provethatmemoriesareconsolidatedduringsleepD:provethatdreamsarebasedonandreflectdailyfactsÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)15:In1989,MelissastartedKidsF.A.C.E.asanafter-schoolclubatherelementaryschool.Thesix-membergroupmeteachMondaytowritelettersandplancleanupactivities."Weneverthoughtitwasanythingmorethanagroupofkidscomingtogethersotheycouldtalkabouttheenvironment,"saysTrishPoe,hermother.ButthenaletterfromMilissatothe"Today"showgotherclubontelevisionin1990.Whenotherkidsheardabouttheclub,theywroteaskinghowtheycouldgetinvoled.SoMelissa,withthehelpofhermother,whotodaymanagestheKidsF.A.C.E.officeasexecutivedirector,developedamembershipbookthatinstructedkidsonenvironmentalprojectsandhowtostartacluboftheirown."IfeltlikeIhadtowritethemallbackatoncebecauseIdidn'tlikewhatthepresidentdidtome.BecauseIdidn'tlikebeingignored...Ididn'twantthekidstohavethesamefeeling,"saysMelissa.Requestsforinformationcamefromalloverthenation.Atfirst,Melissa'sparentspaidthepostageandsupplybillsfortheclub,butsoonexpensesbecametoohigh.Sotheclubfoundasponsor,War-MartInc.,whichbeganunderwritingthebimonthlynewsletter,KidsF.A.C.E.illustrated,whichcurrentlyprovidesenvironmentalupdates,suggestions,andideastomorethan2millionpeopleworldwide.ÎÊÌ⣺Morepeoplewantedtojointheclubafter()A:anewspaperinterviewwasmadeB:enoughlettersweredistributedC:theyheardabouttheclubfromatelevisionshowD:MelissabecameanexecutivedirectorÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)16:TheinventorofspectaclesprobablylivedinthetownofParis,Italy,around1286,andwasalmostcertainlyacraftsmanworkinginglass.Butnobodyknowshisname.WeonlyknowthismuchabouthimbecauseFriarGiordanepreachedasermononeWednesdaymorninginFebruary1306atachurchinFlorence."It£§snotyet20yearssincetherewasfoundtheartofmakingeye-glasseswhichmakeforgoodvision,"saidtheFriar."Oneofthebestartsandmostnecessarythattheworldhas.Soshortatimeisitsincetherewasinventedanewartthatneverexisted.Ihaveseenthemanwhofirstinventedandcreatedit,andIhavetalkedtohim."WeknowwhatFriarGiordanesaidbecauseadmirerscopiedhissermonsdownashegavethem.Theinventorofspectaclesapparentlykeptthemethodofmakingthemtohimself.Perhapshethoughtthiswasthebestwayofgettingmoneyfromhisinvention.Buttheideasoongotaround.Asearlyas1300,craftsmeninVenice,thecentreofEurope£§sglassindustry,weremakingthenew"disksfortheeyes".Spectaclesatfirstwereonlyshapedforfar-sightedpeople.Concavelenses,forshort-sightedpeople,werenotdevelopeduntilthelate15thcentury.Spectaclesallowedpeopletogoonreadingandstudyinglongafterbadeyesightwouldnormallyhaveforcedthemtogiveup.Theywerelikeanewpairofeyes.Theinventorofsuchavaluablethingshouldbehonored,everyonethought.Butforcenturiesnoonehadanyideawhotheinventorreallywas.Soallkindsofcandidateswereputforward:Dutch,English,German,Italiansfromrivalcities.AfakememorialwaserectedlastcenturyinachurchinFlorencetohonoramanasthetrueinventorofspectacles-butheneverevenexisted.ÎÊÌ⣺Thefinalparagraphdiscusses()A:thefunctionofspectaclesB:thefakememorialC:theinventionofspectaclesD:theidentityoftheinventorÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)17:Whiledeathmight(beckon)atanytime,itsdarkshadowcamedirectlyintotheirhomesometimeafterduskeveryThursday.A:makeanunnoticeddepartureB:makeasignalingorsummoninggestureC:makeasuddendashD:makeafatalstrokeÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)18:Twobasicmodelsofparentalinfluenceemergefromallthiscompetitionandvariety,however.One,looselybasedonFreudianideas,haspresentedanimageofthevulnerablechild:childrenaresensitivebeings,easilydamagednotonlybytraumaticeventsandemotionalstress,butalsobyoverdosesofaffection.The2ndmodelisthatofthebehaviorists,whoseintellectualancestors,theempiricistphilosophers,describedthechild'smindasatabularasa,orblankslate.Thebehavioristmodelofchild-rearingisbasedontheviewthatthechildismalleable,andparentsarethereforecastintheroleofPygmalionswhocanshapetheirchildrenhowevertheywish."Givemeadozenhealthyinfants,well-formed,andmyownspecifiedworldtobringthemupin,"wroteJ.B.Watson,thefatherofmodernbehaviorism,"andI'llguaranteetotakeanyoneatrandomandtrainhimtobeanytypeofspecialistImight-doctor,lawyer,artist,merchant,chief,andyes,evenbeggarmanandthief!"Theimageofthevulnerablechildcallsforgentleparentswhoaresensitivetotheirchild'sinner-mostthoughtsandfeelingsinordertoprotecthimfromtrauma.Theimageofthemalleablechildrequiresstemparentswhocoollyfollowthedictatesoftheirownexplicittrainingprocedures:onlytheearlyeradicationofbadhabitsineating,sleeping,crying,canfendoffpermanentmaladjustments.ÎÊÌ⣺AccordingtotheFreudianmodelofparentalinfluence,achildis()A:toughB:easilyhurtC:well-behavedD:healthyÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)19:In1989,MelissastartedKidsF.A.C.E.asanafter-schoolclubatherelementaryschool.Thesix-membergroupmeteachMondaytowritelettersandplancleanupactivities."Weneverthoughtitwasanythingmorethanagroupofkidscomingtogethersotheycouldtalkabouttheenvironment,"saysTrishPoe,hermother.ButthenaletterfromMilissatothe"Today"showgotherclubontelevisionin1990.Whenotherkidsheardabouttheclub,theywroteaskinghowtheycouldgetinvoled.SoMelissa,withthehelpofhermother,whotodaymanagestheKidsF.A.C.E.officeasexecutivedirector,developedamembershipbookthatinstructedkidsonenvironmentalprojectsandhowtostartacluboftheirown."IfeltlikeIhadtowritethemallbackatoncebecauseIdidn'tlikewhatthepresidentdidtome.BecauseIdidn'tlikebeingignored...Ididn'twantthekidstohavethesamefeeling,"saysMelissa.Requestsforinformationcamefromalloverthenation.Atfirst,Melissa'sparentspaidthepostageandsupplybillsfortheclub,butsoonexpensesbecametoohigh.Sotheclubfoundasponsor,War-MartInc.,whichbeganunderwritingthebimonthlynewsletter,KidsF.A.C.E.illustrated,whichcurrentlyprovidesenvironmentalupdates,suggestions,andideastomorethan2millionpeopleworldwide.ÎÊÌ⣺WhenMelissawasstartingtheclub,shewas()A:aschoolteacherworkingforthekidsB:asocialworkertakingcareofchildrenafterschoolC:theparentofakidatschoolD:akidattendinganelementaryschoolÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)20:NoonethoughtofanythingevenalittlebitlikethezipperuntilWhitecombL.Judsoncamealong.Therewerebuttonsandbutton-holes,hooksandeyes,lacesandbuckles.Theyalltookanirritatinglylongtimetodoup,especiallywhenmenworehigh-lacedbootsandfashionableladiessqueezedthemselvesintolongcorsets.WhitecombL.Judson£§sslide-fastenerwasanout-of-the-blueinvention,andnooneknowswhatgavehimtheidea.Nooneevenknowsmuchabouthim,exceptthathewasamechanicalengineerlivinginChicagoandthathepatentedotherinventions,todowithastreetrailwaysystemandmotor-cars.Judsoninventedthefirstzipper(called,atthetime,aClaspLockerorUnlocker)in1891.Thisingeniouslittledevicelookssosimple,andtheprinciplebehinditissimple:onerowofhooksandeyesslottingneatlyintoanotherrowbymeansofatab.Yetittook22years,manyimprovementsandanotherinventortomakethezipperreallypractical.ÎÊÌ⣺Agoodtitlefortheabovepassageis()A:JudsontheInventorB:HowtheZipperWorksC:ThePrincipleoftheZipperD:TheInventionoftheZipperÕýÈ·´ð°¸:(µ¥Ñ¡Ìâ)1:NoonethoughtofanythingevenalittlebitlikethezipperuntilWhitecombL.Judsoncamealong.Therewerebuttonsandbutton-holes,hooksandeyes,lacesandbuckles.Theyalltookanirritatinglylongtimetodoup,especiallywhenmenworehigh-lacedbootsandfashionableladiessqueezedthemselvesintolongcorsets.WhitecombL.Judson£§sslide-fastenerwasanout-of-the-blueinvention,andnooneknowswhatgavehimtheidea.Nooneevenknowsmuchabouthim,exceptthathewasamechanicalengineerlivinginChicagoandthathepatentedotherinventions,todowithastreetrailwaysystemandmotor-cars.Judsoninventedthefirstzipper(called,atthetime,aClaspLockerorUnlocker