2语法专题之构词法练习何改

语法专题之构词法一、名词的构词法1．动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-alapprove→approval赞成；批准；refuse→refusal拒绝propose→proposal提议；建议；survive→survival幸存-anceattend→attendance出席；参加；guide→guidance指引；指导annoy→annoyance恼怒；assist→assistance帮助-enceexist→existence存在；生存；prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考；查阅；occur→ocurrence发生-ioneducate→education教育；evaluate→evaluation评估construct→construction建设；discuss→discussion讨论-ptiondescribe→description描述；subsribe→subscription订阅prescribe→precription处方；assume→assumption假设-ationexpect→expectation期待；期望；explain→explanation解释invite→invitation邀请；starve→starvation挨饿identify→identification识别；classify→classification分类-(s)sionrevise→revision修订decide→decision决定expand→expansion膨胀；permit→permission允许admit→admission接纳；submit→submission提交；服从-ing(s)suffer→suffering苦难；begin→beginning开始hear→hearing听力；听觉；train→training培训earn→earnings收入；belong→belongings财产-mentargue→argument辩论；论据；achieve→achievement功绩；成就treat→treatment对待；治疗；equip→euipment设备-urepress→pressure压力；fail→failure失败；未做（应作之事）-turemix→mixture混合；混合物；depart→departure离开；出发-yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈；discover→discovery发现；inquire→inquiry询问其他grow→growth成长；发展；choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化；种类；tend→tendency趋向；趋势2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort→shortage不足；短缺-cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效；private→privacy隐私fluent→fluency流利；流畅；accurate→accuracy准确性-domwise→wisdom智慧；free→freedom自由-cedifferent→difference差异；silent→silence沉默present→presence出席；存在；convenient→convenience便利-thwarm→warmth温暖；热情；true→truth真相wide→width宽度；strong→strength力气；强项-nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点；ill→illness疾病careless→carelessness粗心大意；lonely→loneliness孤独-y/-ty/-itydifficult→difficulty困难；cruel→cruelty残酷；loyal→loyalty忠诚safe→safety安全；able→ability能力；simple→simplicity简朴3.表示“人”的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见后缀有：后缀例词-arlie→liar说谎者-erteach→teacher老师；strange→stranger陌生人employ→employer雇主；interview→interviewer采访者；面试官-eeemploy→employee雇员；train→trainee受训练人；学员interview→interviewee被采访者；被面试者-orinvent→inventor发明家；educate→educator教育家donate→donator捐赠者；act→actor演员-esswait→waitress女服务员；act→actress女演员host→女主人；女主持人；god-goddess女神-eseVietnam→vietnamese越南人；China→Chinese中国人Japan→Japanese日本人；Portugal→Portuguese葡萄牙人-anAmerica→American美国人；Australia→Australian澳大利亚人Italy→Italian意大利人；Egypt→Egyptian埃及人-ianmusic→musician音乐家；history→historian历史学家politics→politician政治家；ibrary→librarian图书管理员-istnovel→novelist小说家;；special→specialist专家tour→tourist观光者；游客；chemisty→chemist化学家-antassist→assistant助手；店员；serve→servant仆人participate→participan参加者；attend→attendant服务人员；随从二、形容词、副词构词法1．动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词­ableaccept→acceptable可接受的；forgive→forgivable可原谅的respect→respectable值得尊敬的；reason→reasonable有道理的­alorigin→original最初的；person→personal个人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的；nature→natural自然的；天生的­fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的；forget→forgetful健忘的respect→respectful恭敬的；regret→regretful遗憾的；后悔的­edscare→scared感到恐惧的；confuse→confused感到困惑的underline→underlined下划线的；delight→delighted感到高兴的­ingsurprise→surprising令人惊异的；convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人满意的；annoy→annoying讨厌的­ibleaccess→accessible容易取得的；horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的­iveact→active积极的；活跃的；effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的；impress→impressive给人深刻印象的­ouscontinue→continuous不断的；持续的；anxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious谨慎的；curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的；courage→courageous勇敢地­sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的；trouble→troublesome麻烦的­ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的；health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的­erneast→eastern东方的；向东的­ishchild→childish孩子气的；fool→foolish愚蠢的；self→selfish自私的­icscience→scientific科学的；economy→economic经济的history→historic历史上著名的；energy→energetic精力充沛的2.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加­ly可变成相应意义的副词一般情况下，在词尾直接加­lyfortunate→fortunately幸运地；real→really真正地extreme→extremel极度；immediate→immediately立即“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，改y为­ilyhappy→happily高兴地；easy→easily容易地lucky→luckily幸运地；heavy→heavily沉重地以“-ble/tle/ple”结尾的形容词，去e加­lypossible→possibly可能地；terrible→terribly可怕地；probable→probably大概；horrible→horribly可怕地simple→simply简单地；gentle→gently温柔地以“-ic”结尾形容词，在词尾补al，再加lyacademic→academically在学术上basic→basically基本地scientific→scientifically科学地systematic→systematically有条理地automatic→automatically自动地特例outdoor→outdoors在户外；indoor→indoors在室内public→publicly公然地；gay→gaily欢乐地；full→fully充分地；whole→wholly完全地；true→truly真实地；straight→成直线地；立即；直率三、动词构词法前缀en­danger→endanger使处于危险之中；rich→enrich使丰富courage→encourage鼓励；large→enlarge变大；增大后缀­ensharp→sharpen使锋利；broad→broaden使开阔short→shorten缩短；wide→widen加宽­ifybeauty→beautify美化；simple→simplify简化pure→purify提纯；summary→summarize作 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf ­izelocal→localize使地方化；real→realize认识到；实现popular→popularize普及；modern→modernize使现代化-ateorigin→originate起源于；active→activate激活；四、否定词缀1．表示否定意义的前缀un­不，非unable不能够；unlucky不幸的；unnecessary不必要的dis­不，非dishonest不诚实的；discontinuous不连贯的in­不，非inactive不活跃的；incorrect不正确的；informal非正式的im­不，非impatient不耐烦的；impossible不可能的；immoral不道德的ir­不，非irregular不规则的；irresponsible不负责任的；irresistible不可抵抗的il­不，非illogical不合逻辑的；illegal非法的non­不，非nonexistent不存在的；nonstop连续不断的；nonprofit非盈利的；mis­错误mislead误导；misunderstand误解；mistake误认为dis­＋动词(意义相反)dislike不喜欢；disagree不同意；discourage劝阻；disable使失灵；使残疾；un­＋动词(意义相反)unwrap拆开；undress脱衣服；unpack打开2.表示否定意义的后缀名词＋­less→否定意义的形容词use→useless无用的；hope→hopeless没有希望的；绝望的；home→homeless无家可归的；mercy→merciless残忍的；worth→worthless没有价值的构词法练习1．Acareerinlawisbecomingincreasingly(attract)toyoungpeople.2．Your(perform)asastudentwillbeexcellentifyoudevelopahabitofreflectingonhowyoulearn.3．Myfirst_______(impress)ofhimwasthathewasathoughtfulyoungman.4．Thebookprovides(value)informationonrecenttrends.5．I'm(true)sorrythatthingshadtoendlikethis.6．Weareall(entire)responsibleforouractionsandforourreactions.7．The(freeze)Northeasthasn'tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter.8．Asweknow,thedinosaurs(appear)longago.9．Asthiscanbeseen,itwasatimeofsocialunrest.Itishardtoavoidgreat____(fortune)occurred.10．Ifyougoonworkinglikethis,you'll(danger)yourhealth.11．(obvious),thestoryisnottrue,butthefestivalisinteresting.12．WhenBobwasstillyoung,hisparents'(marry)endedindivorce.13．Notknowinghowtooperatethecomputerisoneofthe(advantage)infindingjobs.14．(thank),Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.15．Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident;youdidit(intend)．16．Whatyousaidsounded(reason)butinfactitwasuntrue.17．Wehavetolearn______(advance)technologyfromothercountries.18．You'dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep(health)．19．Notonlytheteachersbutalsothestudentsfindthewebsite(benefit)．20．Itsnowed(heavy)lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.答案：1.attractive2.performance3.impression4.valuable5.truly6.entirely7.freezing8.disappeared9.misfortune10.endanger11.Obviously12.marriage13.disadvantages14.Thankfully15.intentionally16.reasonable17.advanced18.healthy19.beneficial20.heavily