情态动词ByTangZhenglin情态动词的句法特征只能接不带to的不定式(ought,used,have除外)。位于其他动词之前。没有不定式、分词和第三人称现在是单数形式的变化。两两是相斥的，不能在一起。情态动词有下面一些：can,could,beableto,may,might,need,dare,must,oughtto,usedto,haveto,should,shall,will,would.E.g.Theymustfinishthetaskaheadoftime.Weshallbeabletogetthereontime.Englandcouldimprovethelivingstandardofthepeopleinthecountry.MayIcomein?Willyoupleasegiveussomehelp?Youshouldoftengotovisityourgrandparents.Studentsmustn’tclimbthewalltogooutoftheschool.从以上例子可以看出，含有情态动词的句子变否定句和疑问句时借助于情态动词，不可再添加其他任何助动词。E.g.1.Johncanwritewithhislefthand.→CanJohnwritewithhislefthand?2.TheSmithsoughttohandoutthebrocher.→TheSmithsoughtn’ttohandoutthebrocher.can,could,beableto的用法1.
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能力。三者都可表能力，can指现在的能力，could表过去的能力，beableto表任何时的能力。HecanspeakEnglishandFrench.Shecouldwritewhenshewasfive.Iamabletoswim.Theywillbeabletobuildthebridgeintwomonths.Lucywasabletocrossthedesertwithlittlewater.2.can和could可表许可=mayIcanlendmybiketoyounextweek.Youcansmokeintheroom.CanIcomein?CouldItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?--No,youcan’t.(注意，此时，can,may,could只有语气的委婉不同，没有时态的差异)3.表可能Howcanshebesocareless?Themooncan’tbealwaysatthefull.HesaidIcouldn’tfinishmyhomeworkinsuchashorttime.（表过去的可能）Icouldcometomorrow(ifyoulike).(暗含一定的条件)Wherecouldtheybenow?(比can缓和)4.can表惊讶、怀疑、不相信(用于否定句、疑问句、感叹句)Howcanyousaythat?Ican’tmissthedinner!5.表推测（只用于否定句或疑问句）Theycan’thavegotthetrain!(表过去)Hecan’tbeintheclassroom.（表现在）Canhebereadinganovel?（表正在发生）6.couldhavedoneA.用于肯定句表过去可能完成却没能完成的动作。Wecouldhaveremindedherofit.Thegirlcouldhavegiventhemessagetoherfamily.B.用于否定和疑问表过去不可能或用可能的方式提出疑问。Theycouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.WherecouldJackhavegone?
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