上海高考六选四练习

(一)A.Youdon’thavetobeonstagetogetstagefright.B.Stagefrightispartofthebody’sreactiontostress.C.Youtrytospeakyourlines,butnothingseemstocomeout.D.Withpractice,wecanlearnhowtorelaxwhileplayingsports.EThegoodnewsaboutstagefrightisthatherearewaystodealwithit.F.However,thereisatimewhenstagefrightpreventsyoufromsteppingonstage.StagefrightImaginethatyouareanactorperforminginaplayforthefirsttime.Youhavelearnedallyourlinesandyouknowwheretowalkonstage.Waitingbehindtheclosedcurtain,youcanheartheaudiencewhisperingandtakingtheirseats.Thenyourbigmomentarrives!Thecurtaingoesup,andthecrowdfallssilent.Allyoucanseeisthespotlightshiningdownonyou.1Theinsideofyourmouthisdry,andyourhandsarewet.Ifyouhaveexperiencedamomentlikethis,youknowalltoowellwhatitmeanstohavestagefright.Itisoneofthemostcommontypesoffearandtendstostrikepeoplewhentheyfindthemselvesatthecentreofattention.2Peopleexperiencethisfearwhenplayingsports,givingapresentation,orevenspeakinginclass.Apersonwhosuffersfromstagefrightmaygetsweatyhands,adrymouth,atightthroat,orshakyknees.Stagefrightisactuallyaformofpanic,andthesefeelingsareveryreal.3Theexperiencediffersfrompersontoperson,butthesamechemicalprocessoccursineachofus.Inreactiontoanxiety,ourbodiesproduceachemicalthatpreparesustoeitherfightorrunawayquickly.Scientistsrefertothisasourbodies’“fightorflight”reaction.Asaresult,wefeelgreatenergythatmakesourhandssweat,ourheartsrace,andourkneesshake.4Practisingyourperformanceandfollowingsomesimpletipscanhelpcalmnervesandmanagethefeelingscausedbyanxiety.First,dresscomfortablyandappropriately.Second,beforetheperformance,takedeepbreathsandstretchtohelprelaxyourbody.Thirdly,stayawayfromdrinksthatcontaincaffeine.Thesemightmakeyourheartraceevenfaster.Instead,tryabanana!Somedoctorsbelievethateatingabananacanhelpcalmyourheartandtherestofyourbody.Finally,whenyoulookintoacrowd,trytofocusonparticularpeopleinsteadofthewholegroup.Thesetipshavehelpedmanypeoplelearntodealwiththeirfears.(二)A.Pickupthedishwiththeremainingfood.B.Properfoodisabasicnecessityforyourpuppies.C.Remembertogiveyourpuppythefoodhewouldliketohave.D.Itcanalsocauseanupsetstomachduetoanunbalanceddiet.E.Oneexampleisthatextrahelpingsofnutrientsdoharmtodigestiveorgans.F.It’sgoodtoprovidetheextranutrientsapuppyneedsuntilhegrowslarger.PuppyfoodApuppy(youngdog)isapreciousadditiontoanyfamily.Theexcitementofbringinghomealittlefurryfriendwillalwaysliveinourmemories.Likeallofus,though,yourpuppymusthaveadequatenutritionrightfromthestarttomakecertainthatit’llhavealongandhealthylife.1Youmightaskyourselfwhatisthebestforyournewpetwithallofthedifferentvarietiesonthemarketinalloftheirattractivepackaging.Somedryfoodproducedspeciallyforpuppiesisthebestforthedevelopmentoftheirteeth.Afurtherbenefitisthatitislessexpensivethanthecannedfood.Contrarytothebeliefofmanyfirst-timepuppyowners,itisnotalwaysthebestideatopurchasefoodthatistoohighincalcium(钙),protein,andvitaminlevels.2Inaddition,ahighintakeofcalciumisassociatedwithbonediseaseinlarge-breeddogs.Ifyouhavea“small-breed”puppy,youcanbuythatkindoffood.Itisnotagoodideatofeedthefoodyoueattoyourpuppyfrequently,asyourpuppymaybecomeselectiveaboutfood.3Somepeoplethinkthatdogbiscuitsandothertreatsarefine,buttheyshouldnotbeamainpartofapuppy’sdiet.Youngpuppiesshouldbefedthreetimesaday.Eachpuppyisunique,sofeedingthemtwiceadayisacceptable.Aftertentotwelveweeksofage,feedyourpuppytwiceperday.Allowyourpuppytoeatasmuchashewouldlikeinfifteenminutes.4Ifyouletyourpuppyeattoomuchortoooftenbykeepingfoodaccessibleatalltimes,hemaybecomeoverweightandhavehealthproblemsasanadult.Likehumans,yourpuppywillnotenjoythefoodanylongerifitisthereatalltimes.(三)A.IntheAmericanfamily,childrenandparentsareequal.B.Itcanreflectthetraditionalvaluesandcustomsofanation.C.Whenitcomestobigproblems,childrendonothavetoalwaysfollowtheirparents’ways.D.AlthoughAmericanspaymuchattentiontoindependenceandequality,theydon’tbelieveinmakingsacrifice.E.Sometimeschildrendopreciselytheoppositeofwhattheirparentswishinordertodeclaretheirindependence.ofthemareexpectedtoleavewhatcouldbelife’smostimportantdecision—marriage—almostentirelyuptoluck.FamilyvaluesTounderstandanation,youshouldfirstgettoknowitsminimumunit—family.__1__IntheUS,uponreachinganappropriateage(usuallybetween18and21years),childrenareencouraged,butnotforced,to“leavethenest”andbeginanindependentlife.Afterchildrenleavehome,theyoftenfindsocialrelationshipandfinancialsupportoutsidethefamily.Parentsdonotarrangemarriagesfortheirchildren,nordochildrenusuallyaskpermissionoftheirparentstogetmarried.Youngadultsmeettheirfuturespouses(配偶)throughotherfriends,atjobs,andinorganizationsandreligiousinstitutions.Althoughchildrenchoosetheirownspouses,theystillhopetheirparentswillapproveoftheirchoices.Parentsfeelthatchildrenshouldmakemajorlifedecisionsbythemselvesinmanyfamilies.Aparentmaytrytoinfluenceachildtofollowaparticularprofessionbutthechildisfreetochooseanotherjob.2Asonmaydeliberatelydecidenottogointohisfather’sbusinessbecauseofafearthathewilllosehisindependenceinhisfather’sworkplace.Thisindependencefromparentsisnotanindicationthatparentsandchildrendonotloveeachother.StronglovebetweenparentsandchildrenisuniversalandthisisnoexceptionintheAmericanfamily.3ItisnotlikeweChinese.Parentsarerulersandmasters.WeChineseloveourparentswithfearandtotalrespect.InAmericachildrenalwayshavetheirownopinionsandevencantalkaboutsomesensitiveproblemswiththeirparents,likefamilyfinancialsituation,therelationshipbetweenmotherandfather,andevensex._4Therefore,itiscontrarythatononehand,Americansadmireindependenceandequalitythattheydon’twanttomakesacrificetomakeupafamily,butontheotherhand,Americansthinkhighlyoffamilyintheirvaluesystem.(四)A.Accommodationswillvaryaccordingtotheneedsofthedisabled.B.Aswiththeparkingspot,thisismorelikelyacaseoflackofeducation.C.Theyeducateaboutalltheaccommodationsforpeoplewithdisabilities.D.Improvementmustbemadesothatdisabledpeoplecanfullyparticipate.E.Ifthereisacarinthatspace,thehandicapparkingspotisnolongeruseful.F.Sopeoplewithoutdisabilitiesneedtobeeducatedabouttheseaccommodations.TheimportanceofaccessibilityawarenessAtarecentTeenLeadershipofJewishFamilyServicesmeeting,peoplewithdisabilitiestalkedabouttheirlives.Iwasamazedtohearaboutthechallengesfacedbypeoplewithphysicaldisabilities.However,whatamazedmemostwasthegreatimportanceofeducationabouthandicapaccommodations(残疾人便利设施).Oneschoolteacherwhoisblind,andawomanwhohasusedawheelchairallherlifearetwoimportantmembersoftheNationalGroupforDisabledPersons,devotedtoraisingawarenessaboutdisabilities.__1__Theseincludehandicapparkingspots,handrails,andwheelchairramps.Onebigconcernisthepeoplewhotakeadvantageofaids,suchashandicapparkingspaces.__2__Andthemeetingfocusedoneducatingthepublic.Somehandicapspotshaveextraroomnexttothem,markedwiththe“NoParking.”signs.“AslongasI’mnotinthespot,Icantaketheno-parkingareanexttoit,“somepeoplesay.However,thewomanwhousesawheelchairdisagreestothis.Thespaceexiststoallowsomeoneinawheelchairtohaveroomtogetinoroutoftheircar.__3__Somewalkwayshavehandrailsnexttothemtohelpthosewhorequireextraassistance.Whetheritisablindpersonseekingguidanceoranelderlypersonseekingsupport,therailisthereforwalking.Sometimestherailisblocked,byaparkedbicycleforinstance,andconsequentlymadeuseless.__4__Peoplewhoareinformedoftherail’susewouldbelesslikelytomistakeitforabikerack.Meetingsomeofthepeoplewhoareaffectedbythelackofeducationaboutaccommodationsmademeseethatthereisworktobedone.Ifmorepeoplewereeducatedabouttheproperusesofaccommodations,therewouldbefewerchallengesforpeoplewithphysicaldisabilities.(五)A．Peerpressureisnotalwaysbad.B．Teenagersmaygiveintonegativepeerpressure.C．Whyisitimportanttodealwithnegativepeerpressure?D．Firstofall,teenagersneedtorecognizenegativepeerpressure.E．Forexample,youcanchoosegoodfriendswhoshareyourvalues.F．Thedesiretofitinwithpeerscanbeaverystronginfluenceonteenagers.TeenpeerpressureTeenpeerpressureistheinfluenceateenager’ssocialgrouphasonhimorher.Asadolescentsentertheteenyears,theyusuallybegintofocusmoreontheirpeersorfriends.__1__Peersinfluencemostaspectsofateenagerlife,includinghowteenagersdress,whatmusictheylistento,andwhatkindofactivitiestheyareinvolvedin.__2__Goodfriendscanencourageteenagerstodowellinschool,getinvolvedinpositiveactivities,eathealthyfoods,andavoiddrugs,alcohol,andotherriskyactivities.Friendsalsohelpteenagerslearngoodsocialskillsandbetterwaystocommunicateandworkoutproblems.Theyalwaysgiveteenagersgoodadvice.Negativepeerpressureiswhenteenagersfeelpressuredtodosomethingtheyknowiswrong,suchassmoking,drinking,stealing,orcuttingisbecausetheywanttobelikedorfitin,theyareafraidofbeingmadefunof,ortheywanttotrysomethingotherteenagersaredoing.Itisimportantforteenagerstolearnhowtodealwithpeerpressure.Therearealotofthingsateenagercandotohandlefriendsusepositivepeerpressuretohelpyoubeyourbestself.Alsoyouneedtothinkabouttheconsequencesofyourdecisionsandactions,suchasifanactivitymightharmyourhealthorgetyouintotrouble.Oryoucantalktoyourparentsoratrustedadultaboutthekindsofpeerpressureyoufaceandlistentotheiradvice.Rememberthatifjustoneteenagerstandsupagainstnegativepeerpressure,usuallyotherswilljoinhimorher,andlearningtohandlepeerpressuregivesteenagersmoreconfidence.(六)A.Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.E.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.F.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor’spointofview.EvaluatingSourcesofHealthInformationMakinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinion,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefromcommonsources.Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.1Watchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior“contributesto”oris“associatedwith”anoutcome；thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.2Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.3Evaluate“scientific”statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery(江湖骗术).4Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration,buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.Developingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyabouthealthproblemswillserveyouwellthroughoutyourlife.(七)A.Generallyspeaking,therearecleardifferences.B.Theirpreferenceforbuildingsystemsmaychangeovertime.C.Youcanseethesamekindofpatternintheadultworkplace.D.Theywillconsidermanysourcesofinformationatthesametime.E.Itisimportanttostressthatthefemalebrainmaybebuiltmoreforempathy.F.Othersmaythinkthetheorycreatesabeliefofwhataparticulartypeofpersonislike.TheyJustCan’tHelpItMytheoryisthatthefemalebrainismainlybuiltforempathy—theabilitytounderstandotherpeople—andthatthemalebrainismainlybuiltforbuildingsystems.1Forexample,womenaremorelikelytoreadmagazinesonfashionandparenting,whilemenwillchoosemagazinesthatfeaturecomputersandsport.Youmaythinkthatthesepreferencesareinfluencedbythewaypeoplearetaughttobehavewhentheyaregrowingup.However,thisisnotthecase.AnewstudycarriedoutatCambridgeUniversityshowsthatnewborngirlslooklongerataface,andnewbornboyslooklongeratamobile.Thatsuggestscertaindifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalebrainsarebiological.Ithasalsobeenobserved(thatgirlsarebetteratnoticingsignsofchangesinotherpeople’sfeelings.Boys,however,seemtoenjoybuildingtoytowersandplayingwithtoyswhichhaveclearfunctions.2_Peoplewhosejobsareintheconstructionindustriesarealmostmale.Mathandengineering,whichrequirehighlevelsofsystems-thinking,arealsomale-chosendisciplines.Whydomenandwomenhavethedifference?Actuallywomenhavefourtimesasmanybrainneurons(神经)thatconnecttherightandleftpartoftheirbrains.Becauseofit,womenhaveabetterabilitytomultitaskthanmen.3Mentendtofocusonalimitednumberofproblemsatatime.Theywillseparatethemselvesfromproblemsandviewtasksasindependentfromoneanother.SomepeoplemayworrythatIamsuggestingonegenderisbetterthantheother,butthisisnotthecase.Mytheorysaysthatmalesandfemalesdifferinthekindsofthingsthattheyfindeasy,butthatbothgendershavetheirstrengthsandweaknesses.4Itisnottrue.Thestudysimplylooksatmalesandfemalesastwogroups,andaskswhatdifferencesexist,andwhytheyarethere.（八）A.Forthesepeople,sayingNOtoothersisoftenofmuchanxiety.B.Itreviewsyourwork,yourlove,yourplay,untilitfindsanimperfection.C.Comparinganxietywithdepressionhelpstodiscusspossiblecuresforanxiety.D.Thesethreecommonemotionsareconsideredthecauseofmostmentalillnesses.E.Ifyouareanxiousaboutthework,youmightgettotheofficeanhourearliereveryday.F.Youfindyourselfwakingupanxious,goingthroughthedayanxiousandgoingtobedanxious.Anxietyisyourmentalwatchman.Itsfixedpatternistosearchforwhatmaybeabouttogowrong.Itcontinually,andwithoutyourconsciouspermission,scansyourlife,evenwhenyouareasleep,indreamsandnightmares.1Whenitfindsone,itworriesit.Alongwithdepressionandanger,anxietyisoneofthebadfacesofworries.2Controlledbyanxiety,youwillfeelalackofsecurityandconfidence.Whenanxietyissevereandpained,itcanbeasignofadisorder,suchaspanicorterror.Althoughanxietyseemstohaveabiologicalbasis,itishabit-formingformanyofus.Someofouranxiousfeelingsareinfactwastedenergy.Anxietyhasgottenoutofhandwhenitispointlessandrepeated.Whenyouarefacedwithaproblematwork,beforetakingatest,ormakinganimportantdecision,youwillfeelanxious.Whenyouarecontrolledbyanxiety,youareunabletocontrolyouremotionstothepointofitchangingyourdailyroutineandhabits.3Oryoufindyouareusuallyanxiousatworkoraroundyourfamily.Attimes,youshouldlistentothemessageofyournegativeemotions,asuncomfortableastheymaybe,andchangeyouroutwardliferatherthanyouremotionallife.4Ifyouareworriedaboutthedangersofyourbrother’snewhobby,skydiving,perhapsyououghttotellhimso.Takingactionmayrelieveyouranxiety.Ifthatdoesn’twork,thenit’stimetodealwithanyautomaticthoughtsinyourself.Bylearningtostopalwaysseekingguarantee,notonlycanyoustarttoundotheautomaticcycleofanxiety,butalsoyoulearnthatyoucanmanagejustfinewithouttheneedforconstantguarantee.Thisinturncreatesasenseofself-confidenceandself-respect,whichisvitaltoovercomeanxiety.1CABE2BEDA3BEAD4CFEB5FABE6DFBA7ACDF8BDFE