218必修三Unit4重点词句和语法

重点词句和语法Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars杨敏第一部分重点单词第1组①______vi.存在；生存②______n.谜；难题vi.&vt.（使）迷惑;（使）为难puzzleexist【连词成句】她只靠吃蔬菜就能维持生存一事让我不解。It______methatshe_______onlyonvegetablesexistspuzzles第2组①_________prep.不同；不像a.不同的②_________n.&vt.拉（力）；拖；牵引力③_________adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的pullunlikeviolent【连词成句】别扯他的狗的尾巴；不像我的狗，他的狗凶猛得多。Don't_____hisdog’stail;_______mydog,itismuchmore________.pullunlikeviolent第3组①____________n.学说；理论②____________adj.有害的③____________n.系统；体系； 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 harmfultheorysystem【连词成句】这种体制从理论上听起来是不错，但可能对孩子们有害。This________soundsfinein_______,butitmaybe________tochildren.systemtheoryharmful第4组①__________n.气候②__________pron.&n.&adj.（英）万亿；（美）十亿climatebillion【连词成句】每当冬天来临，数以亿计的鸟类飞到较温暖气候的地方。Whenwintercomes,_________ofbirdsflytowarmer_________.billionsclimates第5组①____________n.酸②____________vi.&vt.乘；增加③____________n.大气层；气氛acidatmospheremultiply【连词成句】由于环境污染，大气层中的酸性物质增多了。_____inthe____________has__________duetoenvironmentalpollution.Acidatmospheremultiplied第6组①_________n.氧②_________n.二氧化物④___________n.碳oxygendioxidebiologistcarbon【连词成句】这位生物学家说我们吸进氧气，呼出二氧化碳。The_________saidthatwebreathein________andbreatheout_______________.biologistoxygencarbondioxide③___________n.生物学家第7组①__________n.球体；地球仪；地球②__________adv.因此；于是③__________n.宗教；宗教信仰globereligionthus【连词成句】于是，信仰基督教的那个人开始环球旅行。______themanwhobelievedintheChristian_________begantotravelroundthe_______.Thusreligionglobe第8组①_________n.万有引力；重力②_____vi.&vt.（使）浮动;（使）漂浮n.漂浮物gravitychainfloat【连词成句】由于万有引力，那根链条没有漂浮在空中，而是掉到了地上。The_______felldowntothegroundinsteadof________intheairbecauseof_______.chainfloatinggravity③_________n.链子；连锁；锁链第9组①____________n.原子②____________adj.基本的；基础的③____________n.生物学④____________n.天文学atombiologyfundamentalastronomy【连词成句】那位原子能专家说天文学和生物学有着根本的区别。atomfundamentalastronomybiologyThe______expertsaidthattherewere_________differencesbetween_______and_______.第10组①______________adj.温和的；文雅的②______________n.物理学家③______________n.卫星；人造卫星④______________vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落⑤______________n.宇宙飞船gentlesatellitephysicistcrashspaceship【连词成句】那位温和的物理学家观察到一艘飞船和一颗卫星同时坠落海中。The____________observedthata________anda_________________intotheseaatthesametime.gentlephysicistspaceshipsatellitecrashedcertain(a.)确定的fair公平的paid已付的like相似的kind善良的unkindunfairunpaidunlikeuncertain(a.)第二部分prefixorsuffix（前缀后缀）present(a.)在场的presence(n.)violent猛烈的confident自信的different不同的patient耐心的violenceconfidencedifferencepatienceculture(n.)文化globe球体universe宇宙agriculture农业mathematics数学mathematic（al）cultural(a.)globaluniversalagriculturalart(n.)艺术physics物体学chemistry化学biology生物学家science科学scientistartist(n.)physicistchemistbiologist第三部分重点短语1.intime2.layeggs3.givebirthto4.inone’sturn5.prevent…from6.cheerup7.nowthat8.breakout9.watchout及时；终于下蛋产生；分娩轮到某人；接着阻止；制止感到高兴；感到振奋既然突发；爆发密切注视；当心；提防10.drawthecurtaintoblockoutthesunlight.11.inalldirections12.dependon13.getthehangof14.asaresultof15.closeto16.acloudofdust17.carbondioxide18.solarsystem一团尘埃挡（光）从四面八方取决于熟悉，理解，掌握由于靠近二氧化碳太阳系1.Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?(1)Helen'schoiceoflipstickwasagoodmatchforherskintone.(2)Theshoesdomatchyourdress.(3)Thestudentsareaskedtomatchthebookswiththeauthors.(4)wematchedthemineverydepartment.(5)Ourvaluesystemdoesnotmatchwiththeirvaluesystem.第四部分LanguagepointsI相配的人或物和...相配使对应比得上与...一样matchn.比赛;火柴;相配的人或物V.和...相配;使对应;比得上matcheswith与…一样;使一样使对应2.Accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections.根据一种广为接受的理论，宇宙从“大爆炸”开始，它把物质抛向各个方向。关于accept和receive（1）accept表示主观上“接受”，表示的是一种主动的行为，并伴随有一种满意或允诺的意味；receive只是表示客观上“收到”、“接到”，表示一种被动的行为他向她求婚，她同意了。Ireceivedyouapologyletter,butIdidn'tacceptit我收到了你的道歉信，但是我不接受你的道歉Heaskedhertomarryhimandsheacceptedhim（2）表示“接见”、“接待”时，（3）表示“从……收到/接爱……”时，她受到热情接待。他收到/接受朋友的邀请。用receive，不用accept.Shewaswarmlyreceived.两者均可接from。Hereceived/acceptedaninvitationfromhisfriend.3.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolid globe.）（(1)was是主句系动词，uncertain作表语，Whatitwastobecome部分中，what引导的句子充当主语，即：主语从句，意为“宇宙将会变成什么”，(2)untilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsago是时间状语，也作whenthedustsettledintoasolid globe定语从句的先行词。(3)直到45至38亿年前宇宙会变成什么样子才慢慢确定下来，这期间尘埃落定成固体地球。4.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot(3)地球变得如此猛烈，以至于它的形状是否会持续下去是不太清楚的(2)在so...that引导结果状语从句中，it作形式主语，wasnotclear是系表结构，whethertheshapewouldlastornot是whether引导的句子作真正的主语。----此句为主语从句，whether意为“是否”可改写whethertheshapewouldlastornotwasnotclear(1)Theearthbecameviolent是系表结构，so...that引导结果状语从句。5.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbeganto appearonitssurface.更重要的是，随着地球的冷却，水开始出现在地表.(1)is是主句系动词，Whatisevenmoreimportant是what引导的句子作主语，即：主语从句，意为“更重要的是什么”(2)that引导的句子在is系动词之后，即：表语从句。此表从中，又套装了一个as引导的时间状语从句。可改写(3)Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatwaterbeganto appearonitssurfaceastheearthcooleddown.6.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobe fundamental tothedevelopmentoflife.(3)水对生命的发展是至关重要的，这一点在当时并不是显而易见的。(1)was是系动词，it作形式主语，that引导的句子作真正的主语.可改写(2)Thatwaterwastobe fundamental tothedevelopmentoflifewasnotimmediatelyobvious.7.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolve harmful gasesand acids intotheoceansandseas.(3)许多科学家认为，水的持续存在使地球能够将有害的气体和酸溶解到海洋中。(1)Whatmanyscientistsbelieve是what引导的主语从句，意为科学家相信什么，科学家所相信的是....(2)thatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolve harmful gasesand acids intotheoceansandseas.是系动词is之后that引导的表语从句8.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.为什么它们突然消失仍然是个谜。(1)remain是系动词，Whytheysuddenlydisappeared是why引导的主语从句9.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(3)未来几百万年，地球上的生命是否会继续下去，将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。(1)Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocome为whether引导的主语从句(2)whetherthisproblemcanbesolved.为whether引导的宾语从句10.Thisdisappearancemadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth.(1)Thisdisappearancemadetheriseofmammalsontheearth.possible谓语动词宾语（2）disappear（v.）--disappearance（n）消失1.assist-assistance2.accept-acceptance3.appear-appearance4.annoy-annoyance5.disturb-disturbance6.enter-entrance7.guide-guidance8.insure-insurance9.inherit-inheritance10.perform-performance11.rely-reliance12.resist-resistance宾补1.assist-assistance帮助2.accept-acceptance接受3.appear-appearance出现4.annoy-annoyance烦恼5.disturb-disturbance打扰6.enter-entrance入口7.guide-guidance指导8.insure-insurance保险9.inherit-inheritance继承10.perform-performance演出11.rely-reliance依靠12.resist-resistance抵抗1.differ-difference不同2.existence存在3.interfere-interference干涉干预4.occur-occurrence发生5.prefer-preference偏爱6.refer-reference参考11.Greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.(2)他们通常通过产卵来繁殖。(1)befollowedby...被...紧跟着，作谓语(2)Followedintimebylandanimals,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Followed作非谓语(1)producedyoung做谓语，by layingeggs作方式状语Theyproducedyounggenerallyby layingeggs. 12.Thereusedtobenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.Recentlyscientistshavedecidedthatoneofthemcannolongerbeconsideredaplanet.usedtodobeusedtodo/beusedfor+n.be/getusedto(doing)+n.过去常干（现已不干）被用作，被用于习惯于（accustomed）(1)Heused_______(get)uplate,buthehasgotridofthebadhabit.(2)Thelanternsareused________(decorate)thehouse.(3)Thelanternsareused_______decoration.(4)Ihavegotused______theclimatehere.(5)Ihavebeenusedto_______(skip)supper.togettodecoratefortoskipping1.Beforeweleft,LiYanpingexplainedtomethattheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimesonourjourneyandthatthefirstchangewouldbethemostpowerful.explain接双宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略LanguagepointsII2.Thenwewereoff.kickoff开球，开始，踢掉takeoff脱下，休假，起飞，成功setoff出发，引燃，引发payoff还清；得到回报see..off送别giveoff散发showoff炫耀turnoff关闭，拒绝随后我们就启程了。beoff=setoff出发;动身Iamofftoday.我今天不用上班。Weareofftoday.今天我们不上班/不开张。与off相关的短语:(2)Leavingthemoon'sgravitywasnotaspainfulasleavingtheearth's3.(1)Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s.当我们更接近月球时,就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是,月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。离开月球的引力不像离开地球的引力那么艰难as形（+名）/副asnotas/so形（+名）/副...as(3)HeranasquicklyasLiLeiso形（+名）/副4.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.1)“A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”.Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.2)“A+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+B”TheYangtzeRiveristwicelongerthanthePearlRiver.3)“A+be+倍数+the+名词(size,length,amount)+of+B”Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.4)the+名词(size,length,amount)of“A+be+倍数+thatof+B”Thesizeofthenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthatofthepreviousone.5.Thatexperiencewasveryexhaustingandexciting.那种经历令人疲惫又兴奋Shefeltexhaustedandexcited情感类动词：主语是人，用ed形式；主语是物用ingamazeannoyastonishconfuseconvincedelightdepressdisappointdiscouragedisgustembarrassencourageexciteexhaustfrightfrustrateinspireinterestirritatemovepleasepuzzlesatisfyshocksickeningsurpriseterrifytiretouchworryamaze使吃惊annoy使恼怒astonish使惊愕confuse使困惑convince使信服delight使高兴depress使沮丧disappoint使失望discourage使泄气disgust使厌恶embarrass使尴尬encourage使有勇气excite使兴奋exhaust使筋疲力尽fright使惊恐frustrate使沮丧inspire使鼓舞interest使有兴趣irritate使愤怒move使感动please使愉快puzzle使困惑satisfy使满意shock使震惊sickening使恶心surprise使惊讶terrify是害怕tire使疲惫touch使感动worry使担心第五部分重点语法主语从句①(1)在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。That(2)引导主语从句的主要有2个连词（that和whether）、4个连接副词（when,where,why,how）和5个连接代词（what,which,who,whom,whose）。1._________shewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.她当选使我们非常高兴(3)主要看意思2.________hewillbeabletocomeremainsaquestion.他是否能来还是个问题。3.________heneedsistimeandmoney.他所需要的是时间和金钱。4._______itwasdonewasamystery.这是怎样做的是一个谜。5._________theyhavegoneisnoneofmybusiness.他们去哪儿了不关我的事。WhetherWhatHowWhere第五部分重点语法主语从句②当主语从句太长时，为使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)It＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…1.Itiswellknown_________Cubaisasocialistcountry.众所周知，古巴是个社会主义国家2.Itisimportant________thismissionnotfail.这项使命不失败是至关重要的。3.Itremainstobeseen__________theweatherwillbebetter.天气是否会好转还要看看。4.Ithasn’tbeenannounced_________wontheprizes.还没宣布谁获奖。thatwhetherwhowherethat5.Itdidnotmattermuch_________helived.他在哪里住都没有关系。Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.谓语动词用单数从句用陈述语序第五部分重点语法主语从句③不能省略关联词Whatinterestsmemostinthisunitisastronomy.2.Whenthepartywillbeheldhasn’tbeendecidedyet.3.Whetherwevisitthezoothisweekenddependsonyourbehaviour.4.Howyouplanyourweddingisapersonaldecision.Discoveringusefulstructures1.Hisdiscoveryhasnotyetbeenproved.What__________________________________.2.Dotheotherastronomersaccepthisideas?Itremainsaquestion.Whether______________________________________________.3.Thefirstappearanceoflifeonearthisstillamysterytoscientists.How______________________________________________.hasnotyetbeenprovedishisdiscoveryotherastronomersacceptshisideasremainsaquestionlifefirstappearedonearthisstillamysterytoscientistsEx.294.Whyistheearthbecomingwarmer?Itisanimportanttopicforresearch.Why__________________________________________________________________________.5.StepenHawkingat65experiencedzerogravityduringaflight.Itamazedeverybody.Itamazedeverybody____________________________________________________________________________.6.Plutoisnolongerconsideredaplanetinoursolarsystem.Whatasurprise!Itisasurprise_____________________________________________________________________.thatStephenHawkingat65experiencedzerogravityduringaflight.thatPlutoisnolongerconsideredaplanetinoursolarsystemtheearthisbecomingwarmerisanimportanttopicforresearchDrippingwaterpiercesastone