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虚拟语气 1）概念　　虚拟语气用来 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2）在条件句中的应用　　条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。1)与现在事实相反：If主语…,主语+V原2)与过去事实相反：If主语,主语+haveVe3)与将来事实相反：If主语…,主语+V原wereV-edshould(wouldcould,might)should(wouldcould,might)shouldweretoshould(wouldcould,might)hadVed虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶。Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.2.假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?注意：　在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.　　如果我是你，就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.　　如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题　_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.Iwere　C.WereI　D.WasI　在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren'tItodo.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_________allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen2.__________anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.A.WilltherebeB.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.Thereshouldbe3.__________today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave4.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensavedC.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved5.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have6.Whatshouldwedoifit_____tomorrow?A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow7.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmakeC.shouldn’thavemadeD.mightnothavemade8.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe1)如果你没有开着窗户睡觉的话,你就不会感冒了。2)要不是明天有测验我今天晚上就去听音乐会。3)如果他在这儿的话，他会帮我们的。Ifyouhadnotsleptwiththewindowopen,youwouldnothavecaughtacold.IfIwerenottohaveatest,Iwouldgototheconcerttonight.Ifhewerehere,heshouldhelpus.1.Weusemixedconditionalswhenthemainclauseandtheif-clauseareaboutdifferenttenses.Eg.Ifyouhadcomeandattendedthemeetingyesterday,youwouldknowwhatwearedoingnow.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldnotbeintroublenow.AnswersA(1)hadnotstudied(3)hadstudied(5)knew(7)couldhelpPartA(2)wouldnotbe(4)wouldhave(6)wouldbe(8)wouldnotbe2.useotherwise,orandphrasesbeginningwithwith,withoutandbutfortoreplaceanif-clauseinimpliedconditionalsWithoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadn’tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.(IfIhadn’tbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)(Iftherewerenotair)(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)3.Inadverbialclausesintroducedbyevenif,asif,asthoughandifonlywecanuseunrealconditionals.即使生了病，他也去办公室。Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonethisoffice.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.Answers(1)Without(3)otherwise/or(5)With(7)evenif(9)IfonlyPartB(2)otherwise/or(4)wish(6)Without(8)without(10)asif虚拟语气特殊句型：wish/ifonly现在：过去：未来：did（were）haddonewoulddoIwishIwereabird.（现在）IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.（过去）Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.（将来）IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!IwishIwereastallasyou.　我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadn‘tsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明下雨就好了。2）wishtodo表达法。　wishsb/sthtodoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.2.wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhaddone3.It’s(about/high)time+thatshoulddodid你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.4.表示 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 ，命令，建议的虚拟语气。宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe______(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe________(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire1.(NMET06)Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit____________yesterday.A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened2.(05江苏)---Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe________toMiamibuttoNewYork?---Iagree,buttheproblemis________hehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what3.(05湖北)IfI________plantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.A.wouldB.couldC.hadtoD.oughttoIt’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.5.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.6.某些简单句的固定句型：Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!1.(NMET06)Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit____________yesterday.A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened2.(05江苏)---Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe________toMiamibuttoNewYork?---Iagree,buttheproblemis________hehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what3.(05湖北)IfI_____plantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.A.wouldB.couldC.hadtoD.oughttoMultiplechoice:1.Wedemandedthatwe__________ofanychangeintheplan. A.informed   B.wouldbeinformed       C.beinformed     D.hadbeeninformed2.It’snecessarythathe_________arecognizedqualification. A.has          B.have     C.had           D.having3.It'shightimewe____________ourattentiontothisproblem. A.turned        B.turn                C.hadturned       D.wouldturn4.Ifonlyyou__________himwhatIsaid! Everythingwouldhavebeenallright. A.didn'ttold     B.hadn'ttold             C.wouldnottell    D.wouldhavenottold5.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe____________herethen. A.wouldhavebeen    B.hadbeenC.shouldhavebeen   D.couldbe6.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers_____________before. A.hadinvented     B.wereinventedC.shouldhavebeeninventedD.hadbeeninvented7._____________ceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced. A.Weretheyto    B.Couldthey         C.Ifthey            D.Wouldthey8.Fiveminutesearlier,andwe____________thelastbus.  A.hadcaught      B.shouldhavecaught     C.couldhavecaught D.caught9.You____________theclothes!Wehaveawasherwomantodothatsortofthing.A.shouldn'thavewashedB.mustn'thavewashedC.cannothavewashed D.needn'thavewashed10.Jeandoesn'twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_________ajobsheprobablywouldn'tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.  A.hastoget      B.weretoget          C.hadgot           D.couldhavegot11.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe_____________himself.  A.injure    B.hadinjured   C.injured   D.wouldinjure12.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios__________after11o'clockatnight.  A.werenotplayed         B.nottoplayC.notbeplayed             D.didnotplay13.Youdon'thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou_________onbusinessfirst.  A.wouldgo       B.willgo            C.went             D.havegone14.Itisimportantthatenoughmoney___________tofundtheproject.  A.becollected     B.mustbecollected C.wascollected     D.canbecollected15.Ifonlythecommittee__________theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.  A.approve        B.willapprove     C.canapprove       D.wouldapprove16.Idon'tthinkitadvisablethatTom________tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.  A.isassigned      B.willbeassigned  C.beassigned           D.hasbeenassigned17.You_________herinherofficelastFriday;she'sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.  A.needn'thaveseen B.musthaveseen  C.mighthaveseen       D.can'thaveseen18.Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe_________him.A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephoned  C.wouldtelephone        D.hadtelephoned19.Itisrecommendedthattheproject_________untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.  A.isnotstarted       B.willnotbestarted C.notbestarted         D.isnottobestarted20.IwishI________longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.  A.couldhaveslept  B.slept           C.mighthaveslept      D.haveslept21.I________hertothepartybutIdidn'tknowherwell.  A.oughthaveinvited   B.wouldhaveinvitedC.shouldinvite      D.mayhaveinvited22.You________totowntoseethefilmlastweek.ItwillbeonTVtomorrow. A.needn'tgo     B.shouldnotgo     C.hadbetternotgo     D.needn'thavegone23.----Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?----Yes,butI_____busydoingmyhomework..A.WasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe24.Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms______backbeforethedeadline  A.mustbesent    B.wouldbesent    C.besent                 D.weresent25.Itisimportantthatwe________.A.shallclosethewindowbeforeweleaveB.willclosethewindowbeforeweleaveC.mustclosethewindowbeforeweleaveD.closethewindowbeforeweleaveII.Translation:1.我不知道他的电话号码,否则我就打电话给他了。Ididn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwiseIwouldhavetelephonedhim.2.他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.3.---如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？---会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。----Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?----Yes,butIwerebusydoingmyhomework..4．如果你昨晚没有看电影那么晚的话，你现在就不会那么困了。Ifyouhadn’tseenthatfilmlatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepy.5.没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday