外语系岳宝华1.什么是国际音标？由于
英语
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的拼写形式和读音有很大的分歧,所以无法完全根据字母来读音。为了精确地学习和掌握语音,就要借助一种注音手段来弥补这一缺陷,于是便产生了一定数量的精确
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语音的符号，叫做“音符”(Phoneticsymbols)。国际音标（旧称万国音符）是国际语音学协会（IPA---InternationalPhoneticAssociation)于1888年拟定的一套为各国语言注音的语音符号。我们这里所说的国际音标是专门为英语注音的那一部分标音符号。目前我国通用的国际音标共有48个,其中,元音音标20个，辅音音标28个。英语元音(Englishvowels)英语元音音素共20个。分单元音和双元音两大类。a.前元音：/i:/,/i/,/e/,/æ/b.后元音：/ɑ:/,/ɔ/,/ɔ:/,/u/,/u:/,/Λ/c.中元音：/ә:/,/ә/a. 合口双元音：/ei/,/әu/,/ai/,/au/,/ɔi/b.集中双元音：/iә/,/εә/,/uә/单元音的分类双元音的分类a.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t／,/d/,/k/,/ɡ/b.摩擦音/f/，/v/，/θ/，/ð/，/s/，/z/,//，//，/h/,/r/c.破擦音/t∫/，/dӡ/，/tr/，/dr/，/ts/，/dz/d.鼻音/m/,/n/,/ŋ/e.旁流音（舌侧音）/l/f.半元音/w/,/j/英语辅音(Englishconsonants)(共28个）前元音/i:/feelheat热leap跳/æ/badlandDadmaphat/i/fillhitlip嘴唇/e/bedlenddeadmethead前元音练习beebilldeepdigtasktestGivemeabeefsteak,peas,andbeer,please.Catchthatmadblackcat．Betterlatethannever.(迟做总比不做好)Bettertodowellthantosaywell.(口说不如实干)Afriendinneedisafriendindeed（患难之交才是真朋友）后元音/ɔ:/allfallhall/u:/goose鹅foodloose松的/ɑ:/calm/ɔ/bossfoxhot/u/goodfootlook/Λ/comeAlargearmymarchedpastthefarmyard．It’shardtoseeanystarsinthedarksky．Theclockisstopped,it’snotlong．Losttimeisneverfoundagain．Whosaidthesoupwastoocool?Asarule,theskiesareblueinJune．Helookslikeagoodcook．ItookmybookandlookedatitaslongasIcould．中元音/ә://ә/earthsearchbirdchurchanotherordermethoddoctorMyyoungerbrotherisadoctor．Givemesomebutterandsugar．Wewillhaveaget-togetheraftersupper．双元音/ei//e/agelatepainfailedgeletpenfill双元音/ai//ɔi/bikemineheightboycoinnoisevoice双元音/әu//au/coalposeloan贷款bowl碗doubtfoundnoun爆破辅音/p/pea/t/tear/k/class/b/bee/d/dear/g/glassGood,better,best，循序渐进Neverletitrest，永不停止Untilgoodisbetter,好上加好Andbetterbest，精益求精摩擦辅音/f//v/fastfewleafproofsafesurfvast巨大的viewleaveprovesaveserveHeworkshardasifheneverknewfatigue.Itisverydifficultforustofinishitbeforefive.摩擦辅音/s//z/busicelooseraceusedbuzz蜂音eyesloseraiseused摩擦辅音/θ//ð/thankthemethickbathbreathcloththanthesethisbathebreatheclothe/θ//s/thinthingfaithmouth/ð/breatheclotheseethe沸腾sinsingfacemouse/z/breeze微风closeseize/θ//t/thankthought/ð/theretheythose/θ/threetanktaught/d/daredaydoze打瞌睡/f/freeAthousandthanks.Cathyhasthreebrothers.Mr.Smithtalkedaboutthis,thatandtheother.Thereissomething.Theyhavebeenthereformorethanthreemonths.摩擦辅音/∫//ӡ/cashfishshipshoeleisure闲暇measure测量pleasurevision视觉Measureformeasure.以牙还牙Shesellsseashellsontheseashore.她在海边捡贝壳。摩擦辅音/h/hardhehousewhohihello/r/redroadwritewrong破擦辅音/ts//dz/cartsratesSeats/t∫/cheepchoke闷塞larch落叶松richcardsraidsSeeds/dӡ/jeepjokelargeridge脊破擦辅音/tr//dr/tracktreetrucktrydragdreamdrugdryNevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.麻烦不找你，就别自找麻烦。鼻辅音/m//n//ŋ/dim朦胧的din喧闹ding唠叨seemseenseeingsumsunsungwhim怪想winwing舌边辅音/l//l//n//r/leadneedreadlightnightright半元音/w//j/warmyoungwellyardwhileyieldwherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。youstilllookyoung,yearafteryear.一年一年过去了，你看起来还那么年轻。
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