中华人民共跟国劳动法英文版

中华人民共和国劳动法（英文版）LaborLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaOrderofthePresident[1994]No.28July5,1994TheLaborLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,adoptedattheEighthMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheEighthNationalPeople'sCongressofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonJuly5,1994,isherebypromulgatedandshallcomeintoeffectasofJanuary1,1995.PresidentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina:JiangZeminLaborLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(AdoptedattheEighthMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheEighthNationalPeople'sCongressonJuly5,1994,promulgatedbyOrderNo.28ofthePresidentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaandeffectiveasofJanuary1,1995)ContentsChapterIGeneralProvisionsChapterIIPromotionofEmploymentChapterIIILaborContractsandCollectiveContractsChapterIVWorkingHours,RestandVacationsChapterVWagesChapterVIOccupationalSafetyandHealthChapterVIISpecialProtectionforFemaleandJuvenileWorkersChapterVIIIVocationalTrainingChapterIXSocialInsuranceandWelfareChapterXLaborDisputesChapterXISupervisionandInspectionChapterXIILegalResponsibilityChapterXIIISupplementaryProvisionsChapterIGeneralProvisionsArticle1ThisLawisformulatedinaccordancewiththeConstitutioninordertoprotectthelegitimaterightsandinterestsoflaborers,readjustlaborrelationships,establishandsafeguardalaborsystemsuitedtothesocialistmarketeconomy,andpromoteeconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Article2ThisLawappliestoallenterprisesandindividualeconomicorganizations(hereinafterreferredtoasemployingunits)withintheboundaryofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaandlaborerswhoform.alaborrelationshiptherewithStateorgans,institutionalorganizationsandsocietiesaswellaslaborerswhoform.alaborcontractrelationshiptherewithshallfollowthisLaw.Article3Laborersshallhavetherighttobeemployedonanequalbasis,chooseoccupations,obtainremunerationfortheirlabor,takerest,haveholidaysandleaves,obtainprotectionofoccupationalsafetyandhealth,receivetrainingvocationalskills,enjoysocialinsuranceandwelfare,andsubmitapplicationsforsettlementoflabordisputes,andotherrightsrelatingtolaborasstipulatedbylaw.Laborersshallfulfilltheirlabortasks,improvetheirvocationalskills,followrulesonoccupationalsafetyandhealth,andobservelabordisciplineandprofessionalethics.Article4Theemployingunitsshallestablishandperfectrulesandregulationsinaccordancewiththelawsoastoensurethatlaborersenjoytherighttoworkandfulfilllaborobligations.Article5TheStateshalltakevariousmeasurestopromoteemployment,developvocationaleducation,laydownlaborstandards,regulatesocialincomes,perfectsocialinsurancesystem,coordinatelaborrelationship,andgraduallyraisethelivingstandardoflaborers.Article6TheStateshalladvocatetheparticipationoflaborersinsocialvoluntarylaborandthedevelopmentoftheirlaborcompetitionsandactivitiesofforwardingrationalproposals,encourageandprotectthescientificresearchandtechnicalrenovationengagedbylaborers,aswellastheirinventionsandcreations;andcommendandawardlabormodelsandadvancedworkers.Article7Laborersshallhavetherighttoparticipateinandorganizetradeunionsinaccordancewiththelaw.Tradeunionsshallrepresentandsafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsoflaborers,andindependentlyconducttheiractivitiesinaccordancewiththelaw.Article8Laborersshall,throughtheassemblyofstaffandworkersortheircongress,orotherformsinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoflaws,rulesandregulations,takepartindemocraticmanagementorconsultwiththeemployingunitsonanequalfootingaboutprotectionofthelegitimaterightsandinterestsoflaborers.Article9ThelaboradministrativedepartmentoftheStateCouncilshallbeinchargeofthemanagementoflaborofthewholecountry.Thelaboradministrativedepartmentsofthelocalpeople'sgovernmentsatorabovethecountylevelshallbeinchargeofthemanagementoflaborintheadministrativeareasundertheirrespectivejurisdiction.ChapterIIPromotionofEmploymentArticle10TheStateshallcreateconditionsforemploymentandincreaseopportunitiesforemploymentbymeansofthepromotionofeconomicandsocialdevelopment.TheStateshallencourageenterprises,institutionalorganizations,andsocietiestoinitiateindustriesorexpandbusinessesfortheincreaseofemploymentwithinthescopeofthestipulationsoflaws,andadministrativerulesandregulations.TheStateshallsupportlaborerstogetjobsbyorganizingthemselvesonavoluntarybasisorbyengaginginindividualbusinesses.Article11Localpeople'sgovernmentsatvariouslevelsshalltakemeasurestodevelopvariouskindsofjob—introductionagenciesandprovideemploymentservices.Article12Laborersshallnotbediscriminatedagainstinemployment,regardlessoftheirethniccommunity,race,orreligiousbelief.Article13Femalesshallenjoyequalrightsasmalesinemployment.Itshallnotbeallowed,intherecruitmentofstaffandworkers,touseasapretextforexcludingfemalesform.employmentortoraiserecruitmentstandardsforthefemales,exceptforthetypesofworkorpoststhatarenotsuitableforfemalesasstipulatedbytheState.Article14Wheretherearespecialstipulationsinlaws,rulesandregulationsontheemploymentofthedisabled,thepersonnelofnationalminorities,anddemobilizedarmymen,suchspecialstipulationsshallapply.Article15Noemployingunitsshallbeallowedtorecruitjuvenilesundertheageof16.Unitsofliteratureandart,physicalcultureandsport,andspecialartsandcraftsthatneedtorecruitjuvenilesundertheageof16mustgothroughtheformalitiesofexaminationandapprovalaccordingtotherelevantprovisionsoftheStateandguarateetheirrighttocompulsoryeducation.ChapterIIILabourContractsandCollectiveContractsArticle16Alabourcontractistheagreementreachedbetweenalabourerandanemployingunitfortheestablishmentofthelabourrelationshipandthedefinitionoftherights,interestsandobligationsofeachparty.Alabourcontractshallbeconcludedwherealabourrelationshipistobeestablished.Article17Conclusionandmodificationofalabourcontractshallfollowtheprinciplesofequality,voluntarinessandunanimitythroughconsultation,andshallnotruncountertothestipulationsoflaws,administrativerulesandregulations.Alabourcontractonceconcludedinaccordancewiththelawshallpossesslegalbindingforce.Thepartiesinvolvedmustfulfilltheobligationsasstipulatedinthelabourcontract.Article18Thefollowinglabourcontractsshallbeinvalid:labourcontractsconcludedinviolationoflaws,administrativerulesandregulations;andlabourcontractsconcludedbyresortingtosuchmeasuresascheatingandintimidation.Aninvalidlabourcontractshallhavenolegalbindingforcefromtheverybeginningofitsconclusion.Whereapartofalabourcontractisconfirmedasinvalidandwherethevalidityoftheremainingpartisnotaffected,theremainingpartshallremainvalid.Theinvalidityofalabourcontractshallconfirmedbyalabourdisputearbitrationcommitteeorapeople'scourt.Article19Alabourcontractshallbeconcludedinwrittenform.andcontainthefollowingClauses:termofalabourcontract;contentsofwork;3.labourprotectionandworkingconditions;4.labourremuneration;5.labourdiscipline;6.conditionsfortheterminationofalabourcontract;and7.responsibilityfortheviolationofalabourcontract.Apartfromtherequiredclausesspecifiedintheprecedingparagraph,othercontentsinalabourcontractmaybeagreeduponthroughconsultationbythepartiesinvolved.Article20Thetermofalabourcontractshallbedividedintofixedterm,flexibletermortakingthecompletionofaspecificamountofworkasaterm.Incasealabourerhaskeptworkinginasameemployingunitfortenyearsormoreandthepartiesinvolvedagreetoextendthetermofthelabourcontract,alabourcontractwithaflexibletermshallbeconcludedbetweenthemifthelabourersorequested.Article21Aprobationperiodmaybeagreeduponinalabourcontract.Thelongestprobationperiodshallnotexceedsixmonths.Article22Thepartiesinvolvedinalabourcontractmayreachanagreementintheirlabourcontractonmattersconcerningkeepinghecommercialsecretsoftheemployingunit.Article23Alabourcontractshallterminateupontheexpirationofitstermortheemergenceoftheconditionsfortheterminationofthelabourcontractasagreeduponbythepartiesinvolved.Article24Alabourcontractmayberevokeduponagreementreachedbetweenthepartiesinvolvedthroughconsultation.Article25Theemployingunitmayrevokethelabourcontractwithalabourerinanyofthefollowingcircumstances:tobeprovednotuptotherequirementsforrecruitmentduringtheprobationperiod;toseriouslyviolatelabourdisciplinesortherulesandregulationsoftheemployingunits;tocausegreatlossestotheemployingunitduetoseriousderelictionofdutyorengagementinmalpracticeforselfishends;andtobeinvestigatedforcriminalresponsibilitiesinaccordancewiththelaw.Article26Inanyofthefollowingcircumstances,theemployingunitmayrevokealabourcontractbutawrittennotificationshallbegiventothelabourer30daysinadvance:wherealabourerisunabletotakeuphisoriginalworkoranynewworkarrangedbytheemployingunitafterthecompletionofhismedicaltreatmentforillnessorinjurynotsufferedatwork;wherealabourerisunqualifiedforhisworkandremainsunqualifiedevenafterreceivingatrainingoranadjustmenttoanotherworkpost;andnoagreementonmodificationofthelabourcontractcanbereachedthroughconsultationbythepartiesinvolvedwhentheobjectiveconditionstakenasthebasisfortheconclusionofthecontracthavegreatlychangedsothattheoriginallabourcontractcannolongerbecarriedout.Article27Duringtheperiodofstatutoryconsolidationwhentheemployingunitcomestothebrinkofbankruptcyorrunsdeepintodifficultiesinproductionandmanagement,andifreductionofitspersonnelbecomesreallynecessary,theunitmaymakesuchreductionafterithasexplainedthesituationtothetradeunionorallofitsstaffandworkers30daysinadvance,solicitedopinionsfromthemandreportedtothelabouradministrativedepartment.WheretheemployingunitistorecruitpersonnelsixmonthsafterthepersonnelreductioneffectedaccordingtothestipulationsofthisArticle,thereducedpersonnelshallhavetheprioritytobere-employed.Article28TheemployingunitshallmakeeconomiccompensationsinaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheStateifitrevokesitslabourcontractsaccordingtothestipulationsinArticle24,Article26,andArticle27ofthisLaw.Article29TheemployingunitshallnotrevokeitslabourcontractwithalabourerinaccordancewiththestipulationsinArticle26andArticle27ofthisLawinanyofthefollowingcircumstances:tobeconfirmedtohavetotallyorpartiallylosttheabilitytoworkduetooccupationaldiseasesorinjuriessufferedatwork;tobereceivingmedicaltreatmentfordiseasesorinjurieswithintheprescribedperiodoftime;tobeafemalestaffmemberorworkerduringpregnant,puerperal,orbreast-feedingperiod;orothercircumstancesstipulatedbylaws,administrativerulesandregulations.Article30Thetradeunionofanemployingunitshallhavetherighttoairitsopinionsifitregardsasinappropriatetherevocationofalabourcontractbytheunit.Iftheemployingunitviolateslaws,rulesandregulationsorlabourcontracts,thetradeunionshallhavetherighttorequestforreconsideration.Wherethelabourerappliesforarbitrationorbringsinalawsuit,thetradeunionshallrenderhimsupportandassistanceinaccordancewiththelaw.Article31Alabourerwhointendstorevokehislabourcontractshallgiveawrittennoticetotheemployingunit30daysinadvance.Article32Alabourermaynotifyatanytimetheemployingunitofhisdecisiontorevokethelabourcontractinanyofthefollowingcircumstances:1.withintheprobationperiod;2.wheretheemployingunitforcesthelabourertoworkbyresortingtoviolence,intimidationor3.illegalrestrictionofpersonalfreedom;orfailureonthepartoftheemployingunittopaylabourremunerationortoprovideworkingconditionsasagreeduponinthelabourcontract.Article33Thestaffandworkersofanenterpriseasonepartymayconcludeacollectivecontractwiththeenterpriseonmattersrelatingtolabourremuneration,workinghours,restandvacations,occupationalsafetyandhealth,andinsuranceandwelfare.Thedraftcollectivecontractshallbesubmittedtothecongressofthestaffandworkersortoallthestaffandworkersfordiscussionandadoption.Acollectivecontractshallbeconcludedbythetradeuniononbehalfofthestaffandworkerswiththeenterprise;inanenterprisewherethetradeunionhasnotyetbeensetup,suchcontractshallbealsoconcludedbytherepresentativeselectedbythestaffandworkerswiththeenterprise.Article34Acollectivecontractshallbesubmittedtothelabouradministrativedepartmentafteritsconclusion.Thecollectivecontractshallgointoeffectautomaticallyifnoobjectionsareraisedbythelabouradministrativedepartmentwithin15daysfromthedateofthereceiptofacopyofthecontract.Article35Collectivecontractsconcludedinaccordancewiththelawshallhavebindingforcetoboththeenterpriseandallofitsstaffandworkers.Thestandardsonworkingconditionsandlabourpaymentsagreeduponinlabourcontractsconcludedbetweenindividuallabourersandtheenterprisesshallnotbelowerthanthoseasstipulatedincollectivecontracts.ChapterIVWorkingHours,RestandVacationsArticle36TheStateshallpractiseaworkinghoursystemunderwhichlabourersshallworkfornomorethaneighthoursadayandnomorethan44hoursaweekontheaverage.Article37Incaseoflabourersworkingonthebasisofpiecework,theemployingunitshallrationallyfixquotasofworkandstandardsonpieceworkremunerationinaccordancewiththeworkinghoursystemstipulatedinArticle36ofthisLaw.Article38Theemployingunitshallguaranteethatitsstaffandworkershaveatleastonedayoffinaweek.Article39WhereanenterprisecannotfollowthestipulationsinArticle36andArticle38ofthisLawduetoitsspecialproductionnature,itmayadoptotherrulesonworkinghoursandrestwiththeapprovalofthelabouradministrativedepartment.Article40Theemployingunitshallarrangeholidaysforlabourersinaccordancewiththelawduringthefollowingfestivals:1.theNewYear'sDay;2.theSpringFestival;theInternationalLabourDay;theNationalDay;and5.otherholidaysstipulatedbylaws,rulesandregulations.Article41Theemployingunitmayextendworkinghoursduetotherequirementsofitsproductionorbusinessafterconsultationwiththetradeunionandlabourers,buttheextendedworkinghourforadayshallgenerallynotexceedonehour;ifsuchextensioniscalledforduetospecialreasons,theextendedhoursshallnotexceedthreehoursadayundertheconditionthatthehealthoflabourersisguaranteed.However,thetotalextensioninamonthshallnotexceedthirtysixhours.Article42TheextensionofworkinghoursshallnotbesubjecttorestrictionoftheprovisionsofArticle41ofthisLawunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances:1.whereemergentdealingisneededintheeventofnaturaldisaster,accidentorotherreasonthatthreatensthelife,healthandthesafetyofpropertyoflabourers;2.wherepromptrushrepairisneededintheeventofbreakdownofproductionequipment,