2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷（二）

2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷(二)PartⅠWriting  （30minutes）Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistotakeajobinacompanyandtheothertogotoagraduateschool.Youaretomakeachoicebetweenthetwo.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourchoice.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Tosatisfythecuriosityoftourists.C)ToenabletouriststovisitGoatIsland.B)Toreplacetwooldstonebridges.D)Toimproveutilityservicesinthestate.2.A)Countlesstreelimbs.C)Lotsofwreckedboatsandships.B)Afewskeletons.D)Millionsofcoinsonthebottom.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)ItsuspendeddiplomaticrelationswithLibya.B)IturgedtouriststoleaveTunisiaimmediately.C)ItshutdowntwobordercrossingswithLibya.D)ItlaunchedafierceattackagainstIslamicState4.A)AdviseTunisianciviliansonhowtotakesafetyprecautions.B)Trackdowntheorganizationresponsiblefortheterroristattack.C)TrainqualifiedsecuritypersonnelfortheTunisiangovernment.D)DeviseamonitoringsystemontheTunisianborderwithLibyaQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyonhavejustheard.5.A)Anenvironment-friendlybattery.C)Aplant-poweredmobilephonecharger.B)Anenergy-savingmobilephone.D)Adevicetohelpplantsabsorbsunlight.6.A)Whilesittingintheirschool'scourtyard.C)Whilesolvingamathematicalproblem.B)Whileplayinggamesontheirphones.D)Whiledoingachemicalexperiment.7.A)Itincreasestheapplicationsofmobilephones.B)Itspeedsuptheprocessofphotosynthesis.C)ItimprovesthereceptionofmobilephonesD)Itcollectstheenergyreleasedbyplants.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillheatfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)HevisitedtheworkshopsintheGrimsbyplant.B)Hecalledthewomanandleftheramessage.C)Heusedstand-insasreplacementsonalllines.D)Heaskedatechniciantofixthebrokenproductionline.9.A)Itisthemostmodernproductionline.C)Ithasstoppedworkingcompletely.B)Itassemblessuper-intelligentrobots.D)Itisgoingtobeupgradedsoon.10.A)Toseekherpermission.C)Torequesthertoreturnatonce.B)Toplaceanorderforrobots.D)ToaskforTom'sphonenumber.ll.A)Sheisonduty.C)Sheisonsickleave.B)Sheishavingherdayoff.D)Sheisabroadonbusiness.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Hesavedababyboy'slife.C)Hepreventedatraincrash.B)Hewantedtobeasuperhero.D)Hewasawitnesstoanaccident.13.A)Hehasa9-month-oldboy.C)Heenjoystheinterview.B)Heiscurrentlyunemployed.D)Hecommutesbysubway.14.A)Arockonthetracks.C)Astrongwind.B)Amisplacedpushchair.D)Aspeedingcar.16.A)Shestoodmotionlessinshock.C)Shecalledthepoliceatonce.B)Shecriedbitterly.D)Sheshoutedforhelp.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Sheinheritedherfamilyice-creambusinessinBillings.B)Shelovedtheiceice-creambusinessmorethanteachingprimaryschool.C)Shestartedanice-creambusinesstofinanceherdaughter'seducation.D)Shewantedtohaveanice-creamtruckwhenshewasalittlegirl.17.A)Topreserveatradition.C)Tohelplocaleducation.B)Toamuseherdaughter.D)Tomakesomeextramoney.18.A)Toraisemoneyforbusinessexpansion.C)Toallowpoorkidstohaveice-creamtoo.B)Tomakehertruckattractivetochildren.D)Toteachkidsthevalueofmutualsupport.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Thereasonsforimposingtaxes.C)Thevariousburdensonordinarycitizens.B)Thevariousservicesmoneycarpbuy.D)Thefunctionofmoneyinthemodernworld.20.A)Educatingandtrainingcitizens.C)Protectingpeople'slifeandproperty.B)Improvingpublictransportation.D)Buildinghospitalsandpubliclibraries.2J..A)Byaskingfordonations.C)Bysellinggovernmentbonds.B)Bysellingpubliclauds.D)Byexploitingnaturalresources.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyoulavejustheard.22.A)ItislocatedatthecenteroftheEuropeancontinent.B)Itreliesontourismasitschiefsourceofrevenues.C)Itcontainslessthanasquaremileofland.D)ItissurroundedbyFranceonthreesides.23.A)ItsbeautyisfrequentlymentionedinAmericanmedia.B)ItsrulerPrinceRainiermarriedanAmericanactress.C)ItiswheremanyAmericanmoviesareshotD)ItisafavoriteplaceAmericansliketovisit.24.A)Tobacco.B)Potatoes.C)Machinery.D)Clothing.25.A)Europeanhistory.C)SmallcountriesinEurope.B)Europeangeography.D)TouristattractionsinEuropePartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theoceanisheatingup.That'stheconclusionofanewstudythatfindsthatEarth'soceansnow26heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.Aroundhalfofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,researchersreportonlineinNatureClimateChange.Warmingwatersareknownto27tocoralbleaching(珊瑚白化)andtheytakeupmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisingsea28.Whilethetopoftheoceaniswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto29.Theresearchersgathered150yearsofoceantemperaturedatainordertogetabetter30ofheatabsorptionfromsurfacetoseabed.Theygatheredtogethertemperaturereadingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury31ofBritishnavalshipstomodernautomatedoceanprobes.Theextensivedatasources,32withcomputersimulations(计算机模拟),createdatimelineofoceantemperaturechanges,includingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksandwarmingfromfossilfuel33.About35percentoftheheattakeninbytheoceansduringtheindustrialeranowresidesata34ofmorethan700meters,theresearchersfound.Theysaythey're35whetherthedeep-seawarmingcanceledoutwarmingatthesea'ssurface.A)absorbI)heightsB)combinedJ)indifferentC)contributeK)levelsD)depthL)mixedE)emissionsM)pictureF)excursionN)unsureG)exploreO)voyageH)floorSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheSecrettoRaisingSmartKidsA)Ifirstbegantoinvestigatethebasisofhumanmotivation-andhowpeoplepersevereaftersetbacks-asapsychologygraduatestudentatYaleUniversityinthe1960s.AnimalexperimentsbypsychologistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniahadshownthatafterrepeatedfailures,mostanimalsconcludethatasituationishopelessandbeyondtheircontrol.Aftersuchanexperienceananimaloftenremainspassiveevenwhenitcaneffectchange--astatetheycalledlearnedhelplessnessB)Peoplecanlearntobehelpless,too.Whydosomestudentsgiveupwhentheyencounterdifficulty,whereasotherswhoarenomoreskilledcontinuetostriveandlearn?Oneanswer,Isoondiscovered,layinpeople'sbeliefsaboutwhytheyhadfailed.C)Inparticular,attributingpoorperformancetoalackofabilitydepressesmotivationmorethandoesthebeliefthatlacyofeffortistoblame.WhenItoldagroupofschoolchildrenwhodisplayedhelplessbehaviorthatalackofeffortledtotheirmistakesinmath,theylearnedtokeeptryingwhentheproblemsgottough.Anothergroupofhelplesschildrenwhoweresimplyrewardedfortheirsuccessoneasierproblemsdidnotimprovetheirabilitytosolvehardmathproblems.Theseexperimentsindicatedthatafocusoneffortcanhelpresolvehelplessnessandgeneratesuccess.D)Later,Idevelopedabroadertheoryofwhatseparatesthetwogeneralclassesoflearners-helplessversusmastery-oriented.Irealizedthesedifferenttypesofstudentsnotonlyexplaintheirfailuresdifferently,buttheyalsoholddifferent"theories"ofintelligence.Thehelplessonesbelieveintelligenceisafixedcharacteristic:youhaveonlyacertainamount,andthat'sthat.Icallthisa"fixedmind-set(思维模式)."Mistakescracktheirself-confidencebecausetheyattributeerrorstoalackofability,whichtheyfeelpowerlesstochange.Theyavoidchallengesbecausechallengesmakemistakesmorelikely.Themastery-orientedchildren,ontheotherhand,thinkintelligenceisnotfixedandcanbedevelopedthrougheducationandhardwork.Suchchildrenbelievechallengesareenergizingratherthanintimidating(令人生畏);theyofferopportunitiestolearn.Studentswithsuchagrowthmind-setweredestined(注定)forgreateracademicsuccessandwerequitelikelytooutperformtheircounterparts.E)WevalidatedtheseexpectationsinastudyinwhichtwootherpsychologistsandImonitored373studentsfortwoyearsduringthetransitiontojuniorhighschool,whentheworkgetsmoredifficultandthegradingmorestrict,todeterminehowtheirmind-setsmightaffecttheirmathgrades.Atthebeginningofseventhgrade,weassessedthestudents'mind-setsbyaskingthemtoagreeordisagreewithstatementssuchas"Yourintelligenceissomethingverybasicaboutyouthatyoucan'treallychange."Wethenassessedtheirbeliefsaboutotheraspectsoflearningandlookedtoseewhathappenedtotheirgrades.F)Aspredicted,thestudentswithagrowthmind-setfeltthatlearningwasamoreimportantgoalthangettinggoodgrades.Inaddition,theyheldhardworkinhighregard.Theyunderstoodthatevengeniuseshavetoworkhard.Confrontedbyasetbacksuchasadisappointingtestgrade,studentswithagrowthmind-setsaidtheywouldstudyharderortryadifferentstrategy.Thestudentswhoheldafixedmind-set,however,wereconcernedaboutlookingsmartwithlessregardfoxlearning.Theyhadnegativeviewsofeffort,believingthathavingtoworkhardwasasignoflowability.Theythoughtthatapersonwithtalentorintelligencedidnotneedtoworkhardtodowell.Attributingabadgradetotheirownlackofability,thosewithafixedmind-setsaidthattheywouldstudylessinthefuture,trynevertotakethatsubjectagainandconsidercheatingonfuturetests.G)Suchdifferentoutlookshadadramaticimpactonperformance.Atthestartofjuniorhigh,themathachievementtestscoresofthestudentswithagrowthmind-setwerecomparabletothoseofstudentswhodisplayedafixedmind-set.Butastheworkbecamemoredifficult,thestudentswithagrowthmind-setshowedgreaterpersistence.Asaresult,theirmathgradesovertookthoseoftheOtherstudentsbytheendofthefirstsemester-andthegapbetweenthetwogroupscontinuedtoWidenduringthetwoyearswefollowedthem.H)Afixedmind-setcanalsohindercommunicationandprogressintheworkplaceanddiscourageorignoreconstructivecriticismandadvice.Researchshowsthatmanagerswhohaveafixedmind-setarelesslikelytoseekorwelcomefeedbackfromtheiremployeesthanaremanagerswithagrowthmind-set.I)Howdowetransmitagrowthmind-settoourchildren?Onewayisbytellingstoriesaboutachievementsthatresultfromhardwork.Forinstance,talkingshearmathematicalgeniuseswhoweremoreorlessbornthatwayputsstudentsinafixedwind-set,butdescriptionsofgreatmathematicianswhofellinlovewithmathanddevelopedamazingskillsproduceagrowthmind-set.I)Inaddition,parentsandteacherscanhelpchildrenbyprovidingexplicitinstructionregardingthemindasalearningmachine.Idesignedaneight-sessionworkshopfor91studentswhosemathgradesweredecliningintheirfirstyearofjuniorhigh.Forty-eightofthestudentsreceivedinstructioninstudyskillsonly,whereastheothersattendedacombinationofstudyskillssessionsandclassesinwhichtheylearnedaboutthegrowthmind-setandhowtoapplyittoschoolwork.Inthegrowthmind-setclasses,studentsreadanddiscussedanarticleentitled"YouCanGrowYourBrain."Theyweretaughtthatthebrainislikeamusclethatgetsstrongerwithuseandthatlearningpromptsthebraintogrownewconnections.Fromsuchinstruction,manystudentsbegantoseethemselvesasagentsoftheirownbraindevelopment.Despitebeingunawarethatthereweretwotypesofinstruction,teachersreportedsignificantmotivationalchangesin27％ofthechildreninthegrowthmind-setworkshopascomparedwithonly9％ofstudentsinthecontrolgroup.K)Researchisconverging(汇聚)ontheconclusionthatgreataccomplishmentandevengeniusistypicallytheresultofyearsofpassionanddedicationandnotsomethingthatflowsnaturallyfromagift.36.Theauthor'sexperimentshowsthatstudentswithafixedmind-setbelievehavingtoworkhardisanindicationoflowability.37.Focusingoneffortiseffectiveinhelpingchildrenovercomefrustrationandachievesuccess.38.Wecancultivateagrowthmind-setinchildrenbytellingsuccessstoriesthatemphasizehardworkandloveoflearning.39.Students'beliefaboutthecauseoftheirfailureexplainstheirattitudetowardsetbacks.40.Intheauthor'sexperiment,studentswithagrowthmind-setshowedgreaterperseveranceinsolvingdifficultmathproblems.41.Theauthorconductedanexperimenttofindoutabouttheinfluenceofstudents'mind-setsonmathlearning.42.Afterfailingagainandagain,mostanimalsgiveuphope.43.Informingstudentsaboutthebrainasalearningmachineisagoodstrategytoenhancetheirmotivationforlearning.44.Peoplewithafixedmind-setbelievethatone'sintelligenceisunchangeable.46.Intheworkplace,feedbackmaynotbesowelcometomanagerswithafixedmind-set.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage."Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,"economistAdamSmithoncewrote,"arecommoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsofalmostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,extremelypopularsubjectsoftaxation."Twoandahalfcenturieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftaxonalcoholandtobacco.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublichealthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaoftaxingsugaraswell.Whethersuchtaxesworkisamatterofdebate.ApreliminaryreviewofMexico'staxationfoundafallinpurchasesoftaxeddrinksaswellasariseinsalesofuntaxedandhealthierdrinks.Bycontrast,aDanishtaxonfoodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthatconsumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper,fattierfare.Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedtosuchdirectgovernmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeansthatindustrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyaswellastasty.Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprovethedualityofitsofferings.Forexample,somedrinkmanufacturershavecuttheamountofsugarintheirbeverages.Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30yearshavebeenachievedeitherbyreducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,orbyfindinganalternativeingredient.Morerecently,however,somecompanieshavebeeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:learninghowtoadjustthefundamentalmake-upofthefoodtheysell.Forexample,havingsaltontheoutside,butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcontentwithoutchangingthetaste.Whilereformulatingrecipes(配方)isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,itshouldbepartofamufti-sidedapproach.Thekeyistorememberthatthereisnotjustonesolution.Todealwithobesity,amixtureofapproaches-includingreformulation,taxationandadjustingportionsizes-willbeneeded.Thereisnosilverbullet.46.WhatdidAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,alcoholandtobacco?A)Theywereprofitabletomanufacture.B)Theywereinever-increasingdemand.C)Theyweresubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.D)Theywerenolongerconsiderednecessitiesoflife.47.Whyhavemanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar?A)TheyareundergrowingpressuretobalancetheirnationalbudgetsB)Theyfinditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.C)Thepracticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularandprofitable.D)Thesugarindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessingeneratingprofits.48.WhatdowelearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods?A)Itdidnotworkoutaswellaswasexpected.B)Itgaverisetoalotofproblemsontheborder.C)itcouldnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.D)Itmetwithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.49.Whatisthemorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsanddrinksbothhealthyandtasty?A)Replacingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.B)Settingalimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.C)Investinginresearchtofindwaystoadapttoconsumers'needs.D)Adjustingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.50.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,"Thereisnosilverbullet"(Line4,Para.7)?A)ThereisnosingleeasyquicksolutiontotheproblemB)Thereisnohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.C)Thereisnohurryinfindingwaystosolvetheobesityproblem.D)Thereisnoeffectivewaytoreducepeople'ssugarconsumption.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youmayhaveheardsameofthefashionindustryhorrorstories;modelseatingtissuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsingfromhunger-inducedheartattacksjustsecondsaftertheystepofftherunwayExcessivelyskinnymodelshavebeenapointofcontroversyfordecades,andtworesearcherssayamodel'sbodymassshouldbeaworkplacehealthandsafetyissue.InaneditorialreleasedMondayintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth,KatherineRecordandBrynAustinmadetheircaseforgovernmentregulationofthefashionindustryTheaverageinternationalrunwaymodelhasaboymassindex(BMI)under16--lowenoughtoindicatestarvationbytheWorldHealthOrganization'sstandard.AndRecordandAustinareworriednotjustaboutthemodelsthemselves,butaboutthevastnumberofgirlsandwomentheirimagesinfluence."Especiallygirlsandteens,"saysRecord"Seventypercentofgirlsaged10to18reportthattheydefineperfectbodyimagebasedonwhattheyseeinmagazines."That'sespeciallyworrying,shesays,giventhatanorexia(厌食症)resultsinmoredeathsthandoesanyothermentalillness,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth.It'scommonlyknownthatcertaindiseasesarelinkedwithoccupationslikelungdiseaseincoalminers.Professionalfashionmodelsareparticularlyvulnerabletoeatingdisordersresultingfromoccupationaldemandstomaintainextremethinness.Record'ssuggestionistoprohibitagentsfromhiringmodelswithaBMIbelow18.InApril,Francepassedalawsettinglowerlimitsforamodel'sweight.AgentsandfashionhouseswhohiremodelswithaBMIunder18couldpay$82,000infinesandspendupto6monthsinjail.RegulatingthefashionindustryintheUnitedStateswon'tbeeasy,Recordsays.ButwiththenewrulesinFrance,U.S,supportcouldmakeadifference"Adesignercan'tsurvivewithoutparticipatinginParisFashionWeek",shesays,adding,"OurargumentisthatthesamewouldbetrueofNewYorkFashionWeek."b1.WhatdoRecordandAustinsayaboutfashionmodels'bodymass?A)Ithascausedneedlesscontroversy.C)Itisthefocusofthemodelingbusiness.B)Itisbutamatterofpersonaltaste.D)Itaffectsmodels'healthandsafety52.WhatareRecordandAustinadvocatingintheMondayeditorial?A)Achangeinthepublic'sviewoffemalebeauty.B)Governmentlegislationaboutmodels'weight.C)Eliminationofforcedweightlossbymodels.D)Prohibitionofmodelseatingnon-foodstuff.b3.WhyareRecordandAustinespeciallyworriedaboutthelowbodymassindexofmodels?A)Itcontributestomanymentalillnesses.B)Itdefinesthefutureofthefashionindustry.C)Ithasgreatinfluenceonnumerousgirlsandwomen.D)Itkeepsmanyotherwisequalifiedwomenofftherunway.64.WhatdoweLearnaboutFrance'sfashionindustry?A)Ithasdifficultyhiringmodels.C)Itallowsgirlsunder18ontherunway.B)Ithasnowanewlawtofollow.D)IthasovertakenthatoftheUnitedStates.S5.WhatdoesRecordexpectofNewYorkFashionWeek?A)Itwillcreateacompletelynewsetofrules.C)ItwilldifferfromParisFashionWeekB)ItwilldobetterthanParisFashionWeek.D)ItwillhavemodelswithahigherBMI.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在封建(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。