大学英语四级考试写作技巧

大学英语四级写作备考讲座WritingforCET4提纲（Outline)1、四级评分原则和 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 (PrinciplesandStandards)2、常见错误(Mistakes)3、应对策略(Strategies)4、常用句型（UsefulStructures)评分原则1、检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级教学要求。2、采用总体评分（GlobalScoring) 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（rewardscores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3、从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合判断。作文应表达 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 目所规定的内容。评分要考虑文章是否切题，是否清楚而合适地表达思想，语言错误是否造成理解障碍。评分标准（按百分制评判）1、满分15分2、阅卷标准分五等：2分，5分，8分，11分，14分3、档次评分标准2分，5分，8分，11分，14分2分—一塌糊涂条理不清，思想紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。Nowdays,SocialappearedmoremorefreeAdmissionstomuseums.it’sinordertopeoplewastedmoney.Inadition,richinpeople’slifeandincreasemoreknowldegesButsomepeoplethoughtfreeAdimssionstomuseumshavebroughtmuchproblems.Inhand,aplentyofpeoplevisited…5分—糊里糊涂基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多严重语言错误。Inordertoenrichthecultureofpeople,moreandmoremusuemswereprovidedfreeadmissions.Somebodythoughtitwouldtakesomeproblemslikethat.Thefirst,becauseoffreeadmissionsofMuseumswereattractedalargenumbersofpeoplewhointerestedinallaroundtheworld.Andthosewhotakepartineffectedthetrafficcrowedaroundthemuseums,eventhoughaffectedpeoplewholiveinnexttothemuseumlife…8分—马马虎虎基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，有一些是严重错误。Thereisaninterestingandinstractivepicturewhichgoeslikethis:Moreandmoremuseumsarefreeforpeople.Theywantmorepeoplegotomuseums.Butsomepeoplearguethatitmakesometroubleforfreeforpeople.Thereasonistheeconomyofthemuseumswouldbeworsethanbefore.Worstofall,itmaytakeamessformorepeoplecometothemuseums.…11分—清清楚楚切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误Nowmoreandmoremuseumsarefreewithoutchargetothepublic.Doesthatmakeanysence?Freeadmissiontomusuemshelpsussavemoney,butitalsoencouragesustogotomuseumstolearnsomethingelseandgetmoreknowledge.Thiscontributestoimprovethelivinglevelofthepublic.Itcancertainlyletusknowmoreaboutourcountryandtheworld,whichhasagoodeffectonourdevelopment.Everycoinhastwosides.Itcanalsobringsomeproblems.Forexample,…14分—漂漂亮亮切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误。ExampleFreeAdmissiontoMuseums?越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放,目的是……有人认为这样做会带来一些问题在我看来……Nowadays,moreandmoremuseumsareopentothepublicforfree.Freeadmissionstomuseumswillmotivatepeople’sinterestsinhistory,artsandscience.Inthisway,museumscanprovidepeoplewitheasieraccesstoknowledge,whichisofvitalimportanceforthewholenation.However,somepeopleholdthatfreeadmissionstomuseumscanbringaboutmanyproblems.Sinceanybodycanenteramuseumwithoutpaying,themuseumcanbeovercrowdedanditwillbeadifficultjobformuseumstomaintaintheircollections.Besides,museumswillfacefinancialproblemssincetheycan’tmakeprofitsfromtheadmissionfee.Duetothedecreaseinprofits,museumshavelessmotivationtoup-datetheircollectionsandout-of-datemuseumscan’tavoidthefatetocloseupinthelongrun.Inmyopinion,freeadmissionstomuseumsaregoodforthepublic,butontheotherhandtheymayposeproblemstothemuseummanagement.Governmentsshouldprovidehelptomuseumsandguidethemtoservethepublicbetter.常见错误1、篇章：引子过长，结构混乱2、句子结构：缺乏基本的句子意识，只有词汇的堆砌3、词汇：拼写、动词时态、名词单复数、形容词副词比较级别、固定搭配、词汇的选择等方面错误应对策略1、篇章：开门见山，直奔主题（紧扣所给提纲写出主题句）。使用合适的方法展开主题句（常用方法如：列举，因果，举例等）2、句子结构：适当使用从句、倒装句、非谓语动词、插入语，从而使文章句子结构稍微复杂而富于变化。3、词汇：尽量使用与主题相关的一些重要词汇，避开用得过于泛滥的词汇。常用从句1、Which引导的非限定性定语从句2、状语从句（结果、原因、时间、比较）So…that…;because/since;before/after,not…until…;while/whereas3、名词性从句（同位语从句、宾语从句）倒装、非谓语动词和插入语的使用1、notonly…butalso…Onlyby…can…Notuntil…do…2、分词做状语，动名词做主语或宾语3、适当插入一些副词或介词短语等Thismeasure,undoubtedly(inmyopinion),willeliminatethewasteofwater.举例法典型段落结构1、现象——简要描述（主题句+扩展句）2、详细描述现象，运用举例方法（主题句+例1；2；3）(3、表明自己观点)例：2003年1月作文：ItPaystoBeHonest1)当今社会存在许多不诚实现象2）诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。Nowadays,dishonestyisacommonphenomenoninsociety.Manydoctors,forexample,sellexpensivebutunnecessarymedicinestotheirpatientsinordertogetmoremoney.Andpoorstudentstendtocheatonexams.Also,someadvertisementstellliessoastolurecustomersintobuyingfakecommodities.Somefamousfigureshavecheatedthegovernmentonincometaxes.英语四级作文八种常用句型一.原因1.Anumberoffactorsmightcontributeto(leadto)(accountfor)thephenomenon(problem).2.Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.3.Thefactorsthatcontributetothissituationinclude...4.Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthat...　5.Oneofthemostcommonfactors(causes)isthat...6.Anothercontributingfactor(cause)is...7.Perhapstheprimaryfactoristhat…8.Butthefundamentalcauseisthat二.比较1.Theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.2.TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB.3.Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.　　4.Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.5.AandBhaveseveralpointsincommon.6.AandBdifferinseveralways.7.Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.8.Peopleusedtothink...,butthingsaredifferentnow.三.批驳1)Itistruethat...,butonevitalpointisbeingleftout.　　2)Somepeoplesay...,butitdoesnotholdwater.3)Manyofushavebeenundertheillusionthat...4)Acloseexaminationwouldrevealhowridiculousthestatementis.　5)Itmakesnosensetoarguefor...6)Toomuchstressplacedon...mayleadto...7)Suchastatementmainlyrestsontheassumptionthat...8)Contrarytowhatiswidelyaccepted,Imaintainthat...四.后果1.Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems.2.Theimmediateresultitproducesis...3.Itwillexerciseaprofoundinfluenceupon...4.Itsconsequencecanbesogreatthat...五.举例1)Agoodcaseinpointis...2)Asanillustration,wemaytake...3)Suchexamplesmightbegiveneasily.4)...isoftencitedasanexample.六.证明1)Noonecandenythefactthat...2)Theideaishardlysupportedbyfacts.3)Unfortunately,noneoftheavailabledatashows...4)Recentstudiesindicatethat...5)Thereissufficientevidencetoshowthat...6)Accordingtostatisticsprovidedby...,itcanbeseenthat...七.开篇1)Manynationshavebeenfacedwiththeproblemof...2)Recentlytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus.3)Recentlythephenomenonhasbecomeaheatedtopic.4)Recentlytheissuehasarousedgreatconcernamong...5)Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernover...6)Neverinourhistoryhastheideathat...beensopopular.7)Facedwith...,quiteafewpeoplearguethat...8)Accordingtoarecentsurvey,...9)Withtherapiddevelopmentof...,...八.结尾1)Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthat...2)Itishightimethatstrictmeasuresweretakentostop...3)Itisnecessarythatstepsshouldbetakento...4)Inconclusion,itisimperativethat...5)Tosolvetheabove-mentionedproblem,wemust...6)Wemightdomorethanidentifythecause;itisimportanttotakeactionsto...7)Takingalltheseintoaccount,we...8)Whetheritisgoodornot/positiveornegative,onethingiscertain/clear...Good-bye!Thankyouforcoming!