egypt-culture埃及文化

WhatwillcometoyourmindwhenwetalkaboutEgypt? Desert Pyramids Mummy Pharaohs Hieroglyph Cairo ThegreatSphinx TheNile Oneofthecradlesofcivilization金字塔pyramid法老pharaoh撒哈拉沙漠theSaharaDesert木乃伊Mummy狮身人面像TheGreatSphinx尼罗河TheNile象形文字Hieroglyph开罗CairoBut EgyptismorethanjustPyramidsandMummies~~Nowlet’sstartoutjourneytothemysteriousandbeautifulEgyptianCulture!PictureyourselfinthebusyEgyptiancityofCairo,intherichvalleyoftheNileRiver,orinthevastSaharaDesert.Doyouseesomepeopledressedinmodernclothesandothersinold-styledgarments（服装）?Lookatthemosques（清真寺）wherefollowersoftheIslamic（伊斯兰教的）faithworship（崇拜）.Lookatthepyramidsthatthepharaohsbuiltthousandsofyearsago.Theystandveryclosetomodernbuildings.Listentothepeople.SomearespeakingArabic（阿拉伯语）,thenationallanguage.OthersarespeakingFrench,English,andlocallanguages. Egypt,asoneofthecradlesofhumancivilizations,representedoneoftheworld’slongestrecordedhistorymightilyvisibleinitsPharaohic,Greco-Roman,Coptic,Islamicandmodernmonuments,enjoyingrichculturalheritageandrelics.Itsfavorablegeographicallocation,charmingsceneryanduniquecultureattractthetouristsfarandwide.Egypthasbecomeoneofthemostpopulardestinationsintheworldforages. 埃及是人类文明的摇篮之一。从古至今经历了埃及法老，古罗马，希腊，科普特人和伊斯兰时期，每个时期都留下了丰富的文化遗产和古迹，而得天独厚的地理位置和迷人的自然风光，对各国游客也具有强烈的吸引力。 Egypt’shistorygoesbackabout7000years.TheancientEgyptiansbuiltmanygreatcities,temples,andtombs（陵墓）.ThemostfamousstructuresarethepyramidsofGiza（吉萨金字塔）.Thesepyramidswerebuiltastombsforthepharaohs. MostofthelandinEgyptisdesert.Itshot,dryclimatehashelpedtopreservemanyofEgypt’sancientstructures.Onegiantstructure,theGreatSphinx,hasthehandofamanandthebodyofalion.Lookatthemap.ItshowsyouwhereEgyptislocated.EgyptToday EgyptisacountryinnortheasternAfrica.Ithasaproud,richhistory.EgyptiansregardtheircountryastheintellectualcenteroftheMiddleEast.AlthoughEgyptisinAfrica,itsreligionandwaysoflifearecloselyrelatedtothoseofMiddleEasterncountries. Overtime,manyforeignerpowershaveinfluencedtheEgyptianwayoflife.Forexample,peoplefromtheMiddleEastbroughtthereligionofChristianitytoEgyptmorethan1900hundredyearsago.ThereligionofIslamwasintroduced1400yearsago.ItwasbroughttoEgyptbytheArabpeopleoftheMiddleEast.Today,mostEgyptiansfollowIslam.TheirreligionsinfluenceshowEgyptianslivetheirlives. EgyptianFood Inthepast,Egyptianfarmersgrewcropsoflentils（小扁豆）,barley（大麦）,wheat,andbeansintheNileRivervalley.Theriversuppliedplentyofwatertofarmers.Theriveralsoimprovedthesoil.WhentheNileflooded,itdeposited（堆积）richsilt（淤泥）ontheland.Thesiltmadethesoilveryfertile.Farmersstillgrowfoodinthisfertilearea. Egyptiansmakemanytypesofbread,includingaflatbreadcalledpitabread.PitabreadispopularthroughouttheMiddleEast.Itisofteneatenwithhummusortahini.Hummus（鹰嘴豆泥）ismademostlyfromchickpeas（鹰嘴豆）.Tahiniismadefromgroundseseamseeds. Pitabreadisoftenservedwithshishkebabs（羊肉串）.Shishkebabsaremadeofmeatandsometimesvegetablescookedonaskewer（肉串签）.Themeatisusuallylamborchicken.Ashishkebabcanbeeatenstraightofftheskewer.Itcanalsobestuffedintopitabread. ToancientEgyptians,religionwasveryimportant.Theybelievedinmanygods.Theythoughtthesegodshadcontroloverdifferentthings.Forexample,theybelievedthatthegoddessRenenutetwasresponsibleforagoodharvest.Thepeopleperformedritualsandmadeofferings,whichtheybelievedwouldpleasetheirgods. Today,mostEgyptiansareMuslims.MuslimsfollowreligionofIslamgivespeopleguidanceforhowtodress,whattoeat,andhowtolive.MuslimsareexpectedtoturntowardtheholycityofMecca（麦加）inSaudiArabiaforprayersfivetimesaday.MeccaisthemostholycityforallMuslims,Islamalsorequiresitsfollowerstofastforonemonthayear.TheydothisinamonthcalledRamadan（斋月）.DuringRamadan,Muslimsdonoteatanythingbetweendawnanddusk.MuslimsarealsoexpectedtotraveltoMeccaonceintheirlives.Thisjourneyiscalledhajj（哈吉麦加朝圣）. ManyEgyptiansplacegreatvalueonthefamily.Egyptianfamiliesoftenincludegrandparents,aunts,uncles,andcousinsalllivinginthesamehousetogether. CertainthingsbringEgyptianstogetherasapeople.Someoftheseareobjects,suchastheEgyptianflagorfamousartworks.Languageandvariouscelebrationsalsobringpeopletogether.AllthesethingshelptogivetheEgyptianpeopleanationalidentity. LookattheEgyptianflag.EachofitsboldstripeshasaspecialmeaningofthecultureandnationalidentityofEgyptianpeople’sstruggleforfreedom.Thewhitestripesignifiesnewbeginningsandabrightfuture.TheblackstripeisareminderofhowEgyptsufferedwhenthecountrywasoccupiedbyothercountries. Inthemiddleofthewhitestripeistheeagleofsaladin.SaladinwasaMuslimleaderwholivedduringthe1100s.Theeagleisclutchingapanelthathasthecountry’snameinArabic.TheflagisasymbolofEgypt’sindependenceasacountry.Art Egypthasalongtraditionofartisticexpressionthatgoesbacktoancienttimes.AncientEgyptiansbelievedinlifeafterdeath,andartworkinthetombswasveryimportant.Itincludedcarvedmasksandpaintingsportrayingscenesoftheafterlife.Templeswerecoveredwithbrightimagesofdailylife.AncientEgyptianpaintingshadastrictstyle.People’sheadswereshownfromtheside,orinprofile,andtheirbodieswereshownfromthefront.Thisstyledidnotchangemuchforthousandsofyears. SculptureandarchitecturewereimportantpartsofancientEgyptianart.Thiscanbeseeninthestatues,pyramidsandtemplesthatstillstandtoday.TheseancientstatuesandbuildingsarepartofEgypt’snationalidentity. InEgypttoday,IslamicartoftenfeaturesGeometric（几何的）designsandintricatepatterns.Calligraphy（书法）,anelaboratewritingstyle,isalsoused.Music Egyptianshaveenjoyedmusicforthousandsofyears.AncientEgyptiansusedmusicinrecreationandreligiousceremonies.Theartintombsandtemplesshowspeopledancing,clappingtheirhands,andplayingmusicalinstruments.Instrumentsusedlongagoarestillplayingtoday.Theseinstrumentsincludeharps,flutespipes,horns,anddrums.Egyptianmusichasitsowndistinctivesound.Ithasspreadacrosstheworldandhasinfluencedmusicinothercultures. OneofEgypt’spopularsingersinthe1950sand1960swasnamedUmKulthum.ShecombinedEasternandWesternthemesinhersongsandpromotedArabmusic.AnotherfamousEgyptiansingerisAmrDiab.HewontheWorldMusicAwardin1998.AmrDiab’smusicwaspopularinEuropeandintheUnitedStates.MusichelpsgiveEgyptiansastrongnationalidentity.Language TheofficiallanguageofEgyptisArabic.PeopleindifferentpartsofEgyptspeakindifferentdialects（方言）.Thismeanstheyusedifferentsoundsandwords. Thereare28symbolsintheArabicalphabet,whichiswrittenfromrighttoleft.WrittenArabicspreadtoEgyptthroughtheteachingsofIslam.ThesacredbookofIslam,calledtheKoran（古兰经）,iswritteninArabic.SomeEnglishwordsthathavederivedfromArabicincludemagazineandalgebra（代数）.Celebrations ManyEgyptiancelebrationsareIslamiccelebrations.Idal-Fitr（开斋节）isthefestivalthatmarkstheendofRamadan,thefastingmonth.Duringthisfestival,peoplegivepresentstotheirfamilies.Theyalsowearspecialclothesandeatspecialfood.MuslimEgyptiansalsocelebratetheirreligioninotherways.TheymakeapilgrimagetoMecca,andtheycommemoratetheprophetMohammed’s（穆罕默德）birthday. Therearemanypublicfestivals,ormoulid,heldthroughoutEgypt.Amoulidisanannualcelebrationtohonorthespecialsaintofacityorvillage.MoulidsincludegroupsofpeoplecalledMawalidiya,whotravelfrommoulidtomoulid.TheMawalidiyaprovidecarousels,swings,cafes,andstallsforsellingcandy,clothes,andtoy.MawalidiyaalsoputuptentsforMuslimscalledSufis.TheSufisperformchantsanddressinbrightlycoloredcostumes. Somepartsofculturechange,butmodernandtraditionalactivitiescanexistsidebyside. Overtime,someaspectsoftraditionalEgyptianculturalpracticeshavechanged.Theyhavechangedbecauseoftheinfluencesofthemodernworld.Egyptianculturehasbeenstronglyinfluencedbyoutsidecultures. InancientEgypt,peopleworeclothesmadeoflinen.Mostworkersworesimpleloincloths.Wealthymenworerectanglesoffabrictiedaroundtheirwaistslikekilts.Womenworelong,closefittingdresseswithoneortwostrapsovertheshoulders. Today,manypeopleinruralareasdressintraditionalArabstyles.Menwearloosepantsandlongskirts.Womenwearlong,flowinggowns.Theseloose-fittingclotheskeeppeoplecoolinthehotclimate.Somepeoplewholiveincitieswearclothingstylesthatarealsopopulararoundtheworld.Thesestylesincludejeansandbusinesssuits. SomeMuslimEgyptiansweartraditionalIslamicclothes.Menwearlonggownsandskullcaps.Manymengrowbreads.Womenwearrobesandaveil.Theykeeptheirhair,earsandarmscovered. AncientEgyptiansplayedmanysports.Thesesportsareoftendepictedinancientdrawingsandinscriptions.Theyincludesportssimilartohockey,handball,gymnastics,javelinthrowing,fishing,wrestling,andweightlifting. OneofthemostpopularsportsinEgypttodayissoccer.Egyptiansareveryenthusiasticabouttheirsoccerteams.WhenthetwomostpopularteamsintheEgyptiannationalleagueplayeachother,millionsoffanswatchthegame.FansarealsosupporttheEgyptiannationalteam.ManypeopleinEgyptplaysocceraswell. OneEgyptiancustomistorefusewhensomeoneofferssomethingorgivesyouaninvitation.Iftheinvitationissincere,notjustmadeoutofpoliteness,itwillberepeated.ToshowgoodmannersinEgypt,apersonwaitforthesecondofferbeforeaccepting.IfyouareofferinganEgyptiansomething,youmightneedtoasktwiceifyoureallywantthepersontoaccept. Egyptiansusegesturestocommunicate.Theyshaketheirheadstoshowtheydonotunderstand.Egyptiansraisetheireyebrowsandlifttheirheadsupandbacktosayno.Ortheymayalsosay,“tsk,tsk.”Holdingyourrighthandoveryourheartmeans,“No,thankyou,”whenyouareofferedsomethingyoudon’twant. BothEgyptandchinaarethetime-honoredcivilizationsintheworld,andproudofahostofhistoricalsites,placesofinterestandsplendidculture.Farbacktosome2000yearsago,theancient“silkroad”broughtthetwopeoplestogether. Population76117421130000000 Landarea9954509600000 CapitalcityCairoBeijing MainreligionIslamBuddhismThisistheendofourtrip!!thankyouallforlistening.ProvidedbySherry贾