人体淋巴系统

淋巴系统LymphaticSystem淋巴管道：毛细淋巴管、淋巴管、淋巴干、淋巴导管lymphvessel淋巴器官：淋巴结、脾、胸腺、扁桃体lymphaticorgan淋巴组织：含大量淋巴细胞（弥散的和淋巴小结）lymphatictissue组成功能辅助静脉回流产生淋巴细胞过滤淋巴液参与免疫应答1回收蛋白质运输脂肪及营养物质2清除组织中的红细胞细菌和异物3调节血浆和组织液间的液体平衡4产生淋巴细胞和浆细胞参与免疫反应淋巴回流LymphnodesTheLymphaticSystem淋巴系统ACapVLymphatic-CapillaryLymphaticLymphatictrunksLymphaticducts（淋巴结）（淋巴干）（淋巴导管）（毛细淋巴管）Aassistantsystemtothevein辅助静脉系统回流CompositionLymphaticvessels淋巴管道Lymphaticcapillary毛细淋巴管Lymphvessels淋巴管Lymphatictrunks(9)淋巴干Lymphaticducts(2)淋巴导管thoracicduct胸导管rightlymphaticduck右淋巴导管Lymphaticorgans淋巴器官Lymphnodes淋巴结spleen脾thymus胸腺tonsil扁桃体,Lymphatictissues淋巴组织Featuresofstructure:BlindendSinglelayerofoverlappingendothelialcellsMorepermeablethanthatofbloodcapillaryAbsentfromavascularstructures,brain,spinalcordsplenicpulpandbonemarrowLymphaticvessels淋巴管道Lymphaticcapillary毛细淋巴管盲端单层重叠内皮细胞比毛细血管通透性更强脑，脊髓，脾髓，骨髓无此结构软骨、上皮、牙釉质、角膜与晶状体等亦无此结构Lymphaticvessel淋巴管FeaturesofstructureThreelayeredwallsimilarto,butthinnerthanvein,MorenumerousvalvesthaninveinInterposedbylymphnodeatintervalalongthecourseArrangedinsuperficialanddeepsetsLymphaticvessels淋巴管道类似三层墙，比静脉细瓣膜远多于静脉中间有淋巴结插入分浅、深两种淋巴管Lymphatictrunks淋巴干rightandleftjugulartrunks(颈干)rightandleftsubclaviantrunks（锁骨下干）rightandleftbronchomediastinaltrunks（支气管纵隔干）rightandleftlumbartrunks（腰干）intestinaltrunk（肠干）Lymphaticvessels淋巴管道Rightlymphaticduct右淋巴导管Formedbyunionofrightjugular,subclavian,andbronchomediastinaltrunksEndsbyenteringtherightvenousangle右静脉角Receiveslymphfromrighthalfofhead,neck,thoraxandrightupperlimbLymphaticducts淋巴导管Lymphaticvessels淋巴管道由右颈干，锁骨下干，支气管纵膈干联合构成收集右半脑，颈部，胸，右上肢的淋巴液Thoracicduct胸导管BeginsinfrontofL1asadilatedsac,thecisternachyli乳糜池,whichformedbyjoiningofleftandrightlumbartrunksandintestinaltrunkEnterthoraciccavitybypassingthroughtheaortichiatusofthediaphragmandascendsalongonthefrontofthevertebralcolumn,betweenthoracicaortaandazygosveinLymphaticvessels淋巴管道起源于第一腰椎前方的乳糜池，由左右腰干和肠干联合构成穿过膈上的主动脉裂孔，沿着脊柱前方，在胸主动脉和奇静脉之间上升进入胸腔Travelsupward,veeringtotheleftatthelevelofT5Attheroofoftheneck,itturnslaterallyandarchesforwardsanddescendstoentertheleftvenousangleJustbeforetermination,itreceivestheleftjugular,subclavianandronchomediastinaltrunksLymphaticvessels淋巴管道Thoracicduct胸导管进入胸腔顺时针转入第五胸椎左侧到达颈根部，转至侧面呈弧形弯入左静脉角进入左静脉角前，收集左颈干，左锁骨下干，左支气管纵膈干的淋巴液Thoracicduct胸导管Justbeforetermination,itreceivestheleftjugular,subclavianandbronchomediastinaltrunksDrainslymphfromlowerlimbs,pelviccavity,abdominalcavity,leftsideofthorax,andleftsideofthehead,neckandleftupperlimbLymphaticvessels淋巴管道胸导管引流下肢、盆腔、腹腔、左上肢、左胸部和左头颈部的淋巴Lymphnode淋巴结FeaturesBean-shapedbodiesWithafferentlymphvessels输入淋巴管(enteringattheperiphery)andefferentlymphvessels输出淋巴管(emergingatthehilus)Arrangedingroups,alongthebloodvesselsortheflexuralsideofthejointDividedintosuperficialanddeepgroups沿着血管或者关节屈处分布成群的淋巴结分为浅部和深部淋巴结群RegionalLymphNode局部淋巴结isthelymphnodewherethelymphoftheorganorpartofthebodydraingetofirstlySentinelLymphNode前哨淋巴结(inclinic)Lymphnode淋巴结LymphdrainageofthebodyⅠ.Lymphdrainageofthehead头部的淋巴引流LymphnodesofheadLocatedatjunctionofheadandneckConsistofoccipital,mastoid,parotid,submandibular,submentallymphnodesDrainintodeepcervicallymphnodesSubmandibularlymphnode下颌下淋巴结liesnearthesubmandibulargland,receivelymphaticvesselsfromtheface,noseandmouth头颈交界处排列由枕淋巴结，乳突淋巴结，腮腺淋巴结，下颌下淋巴结，颏下淋巴结组成流入颈部淋巴结位于下颌下腺附近，接收面，鼻，和嘴的淋巴管Lymphdrainageofneck颈部的淋巴引流Anteriorcervicallymphnodes颈前淋巴结SuperficialanteriorcervicallymphnodesDeepanteriorcervicallymphnodesLateralcervicallymphnode颈外侧淋巴结Superficiallateralcervicallymphnodes－liealongtheexternaljugularveinDeeplateralcervicallymphnodes颈前浅淋巴结颈前深淋巴结颈外侧浅淋巴结——颈外静脉排列颈外侧深淋巴结Deeplateralcervicallymphnodes颈外侧深淋巴结extendalongtheinternaljugularveinfromthebaseofskulltotherootofneckdivideintoSuperiordeeplateralcervicallymphnodes颈外侧上深淋巴结Inferiordeeplateralcervicallymphnodes颈外侧下深淋巴结Lymphdrainageofneck颈部的淋巴引流沿颈内静脉扩展从颅底至颈根部Deeplateralcervicallymphnodes颈外侧深淋巴结receivelymphaticvesselsfromhead,neck,tongue,larynx,cervicalpartsofesophagusandtrachea,thyroidgland,upperpartsofthethoracicwallandbreastefferentvesselsformthejugulartrunk→thoracicduct(left)→rightlymphaticduct(right)Lymphdrainageofneck颈部的淋巴引流Superiordeeplateralcervicallymphnodes颈外侧上深淋巴结Jugulodigastriclymphnode颈内静脉二腹肌淋巴结:liesatthejunctionofposteriorbellyofdigastricandinternaljugularveinInferiordeeplateralcervicallymphnodes颈外侧下深淋巴结Juguloomohyoidlymphnode颈内静脉肩胛舌骨肌淋巴结:liesatthejunctionoftheintermediatetendonofomohyoidandinternaljugularveinSupraclavicularlymphnodes锁骨上淋巴结:liealongthesubclavianarteryLymphdrainageofneck颈部的淋巴引流Thelymphaticdrainageofupperlimb上肢的淋巴引流LymphaticvesselsSuperficiallymphaticvessels浅淋巴管伴随浅静脉注入滑车上淋巴结和腋淋巴结Deeplymphaticvessels深淋巴管伴随深静脉注入腋淋巴结lymphnodesCubitallymphnode滑车上淋巴结Axillarylymphnode腋淋巴结Axillarylymphnodes腋淋巴结Theaxillarylymphnodesmeybedividedintolateralln.外侧淋巴结pectoralln.胸肌淋巴结subscapularln.肩胛下淋巴结centralln.中央淋巴结apicalln.尖淋巴结lateralln.pectoralln.subscapularln.centralln.apicalln.subclaviantrunkThelymphaticdrainageofthorax胸部的淋巴引流ThelymphaticdrainageofthoracicwallToaxillarylymphnodesToparasternallymphnodes胸骨旁淋巴结(alonginternalthoracicvessels)Tointercostalslymphnodes肋间淋巴结fromdeeperstructuresThelymphaticdrainageofthorax胸部的淋巴引流lymphnodesofthethoraciccontentslymphnodesoftrachea,bronchiandlungsPulmonarylymphnodes肺淋巴结lieintheanglesofbifurcationofbranchinglobarbronchiBronchopulmonaryhilarlymphnodes支气管肺门淋巴结－lieinthehilusofthelungTracheobronchiallymphnodes气管支气管淋巴结－situatedaboveorbelowthebifurcationoftracheaParatracheallymphnodes气管旁淋巴结－alongeachsideofthetracheaParatracheallymphnodesAnteriormediastinallymphnode纵隔前淋巴结liesanteriortothelargebloodvesselsofthoraciccavityandpericardium;theefferentsunitewiththoseofparatracheallymphnodes,toformtherightandleftbronchomediastinaltrunks支气管纵隔干.Theleftbronchomediastinaltrunkterminatesinthoracicduct,andrightintherightlymphticductPosteriormediastinallymphnodes纵隔后淋巴结liealongtheesophagusandthoracicaortaThelymphaticdrainageofthorax胸部的淋巴引流Thelymphaticdrainageofabdomen腹部的淋巴引流LymphaticdrainageofabdominalwallToaxillarylymphnodefromregionaboveumbilicusTosuperficialinguinallymphnodefromregionbelowumbilicusTolumbarlymphnodefrompostwallofabdomenaxillarylymphnodesuperficialinguinallymphnodeLymphaticdrainageofabdominalvisceraLumbarlymphnodes腰淋巴结Lieonposteriorabdominalwall,alongtheabdominalaortaandinferiorvenacavaReceivelymphfromkidneys,suprarenalglands,testes,ovarirs,fundusofuterus,ovary,andcommoniliacnodesTheirefferentvesselformtherightandleftlumbartrunksThelymphaticdrainageofabdomen腹部的淋巴引流Celiaclymphnodes腹腔淋巴结－situatedaroundtheceliactrunkSuperiormesentericlymphnode肠系膜上淋巴结－situatedaroundsuperiormesenterica.Inferiormesentericlymphnode肠系膜下淋巴结－situatedaroundinferiormesenterica.Intestinaltrunk腹腔干－formedbyefferentvesselofceliac,superiorandinferiormesentericlymphnodesThelymphaticdrainageofabdomen腹部的淋巴引流Thelymphaticdrainageofpelvis盆部的淋巴引流Internaliliaclymphnode髂内淋巴结SurroundinternaliliacvesselsReceivelymphfrompelvicviscera,perineum,buttockandbackofthighExternaliliaclymphnodes髂外淋巴结LiealongexternaliliacarteryReceivelymphfromlowerlimbandsomepartsofpelvicvisceraThelymphaticdrainageofpelvis盆部的淋巴引流Sacrallymphnode骶淋巴结locatealongmiddlesacrala.andlateralsacrala.Receivelymphfromposteriorpelvicwall,rectum,prostateoruterusCommoniliaclymphnode髂总淋巴结LiealongcommoniliacarteryReceiveafferentsfromalltheabovenodesEfferentspasstolumbarlymphnodelymphdrainageoflowerlimb下肢的淋巴lymphaticvesselsSuperficiallymphaticDeeplymphaticLymphnodesSuperficiallymphnode腹股沟浅淋巴结Deeplymphnode腹股沟深淋巴结lymphdrainageoflowerlimb下肢的淋巴Superficiallymphnode腹股沟浅淋巴结　maybedividedintotwogroupsUppergroup:belowtheinguinallig.腹股沟韧带Lowergroup:aroundtheterminalpartofgreatsaphenousv.大隐静脉Receivelymphfromlowerpartofabdominalwall,perineum会阴andlowerlimbwiththeexceptionofregiondrainedbypoplitealln.腘淋巴结lymphdrainageoflowerlimb下肢的淋巴deeplymphnode腹股沟深淋巴结　Locatearoundtheproximalendoffemoralv.Receivelymphfromdeeplymphaticvesselsoflowerlimbandtheefferentlymphaticvesselsofsuperficialinguinalln.腹股沟浅淋巴结Theirefferentlymphaticvesselsemptyintoexternaliliacln.髂外淋巴结Poplitealln.腘淋巴结EmbeddedinthefattyconnectivetissueofpoplitealfossaReceivesuperficiallymphaticvesselsfromposterolateralpartofcalf小腿,andfromdeeplymphaticvesselsaccompanyinganteriorandposteriortibiala.Efferentspasstothedeepinguinalln.腹股沟深淋巴结lymphdrainageoflowerlimb下肢的淋巴CeliaclymphnodesSuperiormesentericlymphnode肠系膜上淋巴结Inferiormesentericlymphnode肠系膜下淋巴结Spleen脾LocationLeftepigastricregionbetween9th-11thribinlineof10thribFeaturesDiaphragmaticsurfaceVisceralsurface-SplenicHilumAnteriorextremityPosteriorextremitySuperiorborder-SplenicNotchInferiorborderFunctionThymus胸腺FeatruesConsistsoftwoelongatedlobesIslargeorganinthefetusOccupiesthethoraciccavitybehindthesternumSecretelymphopoietin