英文专业毕业答辩论文开题报告

英文专业毕业答辩论文开题报告毕业论文开题报告学生姓名：专业：英语班级学号： 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 (论文)题目：OnE-CTranslationofEnglishHumors:AFunctionalistPerspective指导教师：2014年01月12日毕业论文开题报告1.Researchobjectivesandsignificance/issuestobediscussedandrelevantmeanstobeemployed,etc.Humorisanessentialpartofaculture.Tototallyunderstandanation,wehavetounderstandandappreciateitshumor,whichmakesthetranslationofhumornecessary.However,inthetranslationfield,ithasbeenwidelyacknowledgedthathumortranslationcanmakeatranslatorfeelasdesperateaspoetrytranslationcan,whichindicatesthatitisverydifficulttotranslatehumor.Butevenso,scholarsandtranslatorsarestillworkingonit,tryingtoapproachhumortranslationfromoneperspectiveoranotherandalotofachievementsonhumortranslationhavebeenmadesofar.Inpreviousstudies,humorisclassifiedintosituationalhumorandnon-situationalhumorforthepurposeoftranslation.Generallyspeaking,itisconsideredeasiertodealwithsituationalhumorbecausethiskindofhumorisneitherlanguage-boundnorculture-bound.However,problemsarelikelytoariseinthenon-situationalhumorcategoryduetothefactthathumorofthiskindismainlyproducedwiththeaidoflinguistictechniquesandculturalbackgroundinformation．Asfarastranslationofthiscategoryofhumorisconcerned,translationstrategieslikedomesticationandannotationarehighlyrecommended．Ifthetranslatorcannotproduceexactlythesamehumorinthetargettextasthatinthesourcetext,heorsheisrecommendedtoproducesimilarhumorinthetargettext,andifsimilarhumorcannotbeproducedeither,thetranslatorcanresorttoannotationtoensurethatthetargettextreceivercanfeelthehumorafterreadingtheannotation.Abriefreviewofthepreviousstudiesonhumortranslationshowsthatwhateverapproachisadoptedindiscussingthisissue,focusisalwaysonhowtoproducehumorinthetargettext.Therefore,thequestionofwhetherahumoroussourcetextmustleadtoahumoroustargettextwasraisedhereinthisthesis.Besides,whatifahumoroustargettextcannotfunctionappropriatelyinthetargetculture?Actually,theanswercanbeprobedintowithintheframeworkoffunctionalisttranslationtheory.Withinthistheoreticalframework,thesourcetextjustoffersinformationandatranslatorchoosescertainpiecesofinformationtoformatargettextwhichcansatisfytherequirementsforthetargetsituationinthetargetculture.Viewedfromthisperspective,ahumoroussourcetextdoesnothavetobetranslatedintoahumoroustargettext,andthetypeoftargettextisdeterminedbythetranslationbrief.Herethethesiswillclassifyhumortranslationintotwotypes:humor-orientedtranslationandnon—humor-orientedtranslation,dependingonwhetherhumorousfunctionistheprimaryfunctionofthetargettext.Occasionsofbothwillbediscussedandsuggestionswillalsobegiveninthethesis.2.Researchschedule 起止时间 阶段任务要点 2013年10月10日-11月15日 确定论文题目 2013年11月16日-11月25日 填写论文申报 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 2013年11月26日-12月1日 填写毕业论文任务书 2013年12月2日-2014年1月5日 撰写并完成开题报告和文献综述（含论文提纲） 2014年1月6日-3月25日 撰写并上交指导教师初稿、指导教师提出修改意见 2014年3月26日至5月5日 二稿、三稿、定稿 2014年5月5日至15日 论文检测和评阅 2013年5月11日-20日 答辩资格审核，确定答辩名单3.OutlineOnE-CTranslationofEnglishHumors:AFunctionalistPerspectiveAbstract内容摘要IINTRODUCTIONBackgroundResearchOrientationandSignificancesClarificationofSomeConceptsEnglishHumorsE-CTranslationofEnglishHumorsOrganizationoftheThesisIIPREVIOUSSTUDIESPreviousStudiesonHumorTranslationTranslatabilityofHumorClassificationofHumorforthePurposeofTranslationStrategiesAdoptedtoTranslateDifferentKindsofHumorProblemsonPreviousStudiesHumor-producing-centeredSource-text-centeredIIIFUNCTIONALISTTRANSLATIONTHEORIESKatharinaReiss'TextTypologyandCriticalViewsTextTypologyCriticalViewsonTextTypology.Vermeer'SkoposTheorySkoposTheoryCriticalViewonSkoposTheoryActionTheoryandCriticalViewsActionTheoryCriticalViewsonActionTheoryIVAFUNCTIONALISTPERSPECTIVEHumorousSourceTextandHumorousTargetSourceTextHumorousSourceTextClassificationofTargetTextsAnalysisofTwoTypesofHumorTranslationHumor-orientedTranslationNon-humor-orientedTranslationChallengesforaTranslatorinHumorTranslationIdentifyingtheHumorousElementsIdentifyingthePrimaryFunctionoftheTargetTextBasedontheTranslationBriefSummaryVCONCLUSIONReferences4.LiteraturereviewHumorisasignificantpartofacultureandisconsideredtobefullofunderstatementandwisdom,sarcasmandjocularitythatmakeEnglishabeautifullanguage.IneverydayEnglish,humorcanbecreatedwhenthesemanticmeaningofthespeakercrosseswiththatofthehearer.Besides,theinappropriateuseoftextcohesion,conversationalprinciplesandspeechactscouldresultindifferentunderstandingsoftheconversation,whichthencreateshumor.WhenitcomestotranslationfromEnglishhumorintoChinese,thetranslatingprocessalwaysencountersgreatdifficultiesinthetranslationfieldduetodifferentreasons.Despitethedifficulties,manyscholarsarestillworkinghardonEnglishhumortranslation.Actually,theexistingproblemsofEnglishhumortranslationmaketheareaoftranslationofEnglishhumorworthbeingprobedinto.Hereinmythesis,IwilltrytodiscusstheEnglish-ChinesetranslationofEnglishhumorfromafunctionalistperspective.Inordertoenrichmyknowledgeandtheoriesinthisfield,Ireadsomerelevantbooksandthesis.BelowisashortlistofthebooksorpapersIhavecovered.1.AComprehensiveCaseStudyinTranslationTheoriesInthisbook,Mr.Heandhisco-workerssortoutmanyChineseandwesterntranslationtheoriesandtheorists,whicharequitehelpfulforusstudentstoacquireacomprehensiveunderstandingofbothdomesticandoverseastranslationtheories.Mr.HegaveabriefintroductiontoKatharinaReissandherTextTypology.Accordingtowhatwaselaboratedinthebook,whenKatharinaReissstartedtodevelopthefunctionalapproach,shehadgainedlotsoftranslationexperiences.Before1970s,itwasthelinguisticapproachtotranslationstudiesthatwereprevailinginthefield,especiallytheequivalencetheory.Nevertheless,KatharinaReiss'translationexperiencesprovedthatthe"equivalenceprinciple"wasnotdesirableallthetime.Thus,KatharinaReissadvocatesthatfunctionalistapproachismoresuitableinthoseoccasions.2.TranslatingasaPurposefulActivity:FunctionalistApproachesExplainedInthechapterIchose,emphasisisontranslatingasanactivity,whichmeansthatatheoryoftranslationcanbeembeddedinatheoryofhumanactionoractivity.AccordingtoNord,humanactionscanbecarriedoutby"agent",individualplayingroles.Whenplayingtheroleofsendersincommunication,peoplehavecommunicativepurposesthattheytrytoputintopracticebymeansoftexts.Communicativepurposesareaimedatotherpeoplewhoareplayingtheroleofreceivers.Communicationoccursthroughamediumandinsituationsthatarelimitedintimeandplace.Everyspecificsituationdetermineswhatandhowpeoplecommunicate,anditischangedbypeoplewhoareinvolvedincommunication.3.TranslationofHumorsfromtheFunctionalistApproachInherthesis,Shenggivesusdefinitionsandherexplanationonhumorandhumortranslation.Accordingwhatshesaidinherthesis,theoriginalmeaningofhumoris“liquid”,“fluid’’or“moisture”.Lateron,itgotthemeaningofamoodquality,eitherpositiveornegative.AccordingtotheShorterOxfordEnglishDictionary,onpage1616,humorwas"theconditionofbeinginacheerfulandamiablemood".Sincethentheoriginalneutraltermbecameapositivelyloadedterm.Thewordhumordidn’tgetthemeaningofakindofbehaviororlanguagethattriggerslaughteruntilthe1680s.Inthe19thcentury,humorbecameapartofEnglishlifestyleandaqualitythatpeoplestrivetoattain.In1993，Koestlerdefineshumorasaformofcommunicationinwhichacomplexmentalstimulusilluminates，amusesorelicitsastereotypedpredicableresponse:thelaughterreflex(Koestler,1993：682)．Nowadays,peoplefromdifferentstudyareashavestudiedhumorfromdifferentperspectives.Shenggivesusageneralintroductionofhumor,thepreconditionsandthebarriersinhumortranslationandtheideasandmodelsrelevanttohumortranslationstrategiesandtechniques.Thefirstpartisaboutthegeneralintroductionofhumor,inwhichthedefinitionsofhumorandtherelevanttermsusuallymixedtogetherwithhumorarediscussedanddefinedinthisthesis.Thesecondpartisaboutthepreconditionsinhumortranslationwhichincludetherequirementsfrominternationalcommunicationandthenatureofhumorwhichisthebaseofhumortranslation.Thethirdpartisabouttheobstaclesinhumortranslation,whichincludethereasonsfortheexistenceofbarriers,theexamplesofdifferenttypesofbarriersandthedetailedanalysesofthem.Thefourthpartisaboutthetheoriesandmodelsonhumortranslationstrategiesandtechniques,whichincludethemostpopulardebatebetweendomesticationandforeignization,thefunctionaltranslationapproachandhumorsignals.Thelastpartpointsouttheconclusionandthenecessityoftheempiricalresearch.Asforhumortranslation,whichisconsideredtobeaprocessthatbeginswitha"humorous"sourcetext,andastothetargettext,itmaynotbeahumorousone.Thispointofviewisexplainedbytheauthorintwoaspects.Thefirstisthatasourcetextiscalleda"humorous"onewhenthetranslatorwhofirstlyactsasareceiverofthesourcetext"feels"itishumorous.Butitisconsideredthatthereisnoyardstickforhumorbecausedifferentpeoplemayhavedifferentdefinitionsforhumorandeventhesamepersonmaydefinehumorinvariouswaysatdifferenttimesandindifferentsituations.Therefore,thetranslator'feelingaboutthesourcetextiscrucialindeterminingwhetherornotthetranslationisahumorousone.Thesecondisthatfromtheviewoffunctionaltheory,theintendedfunctionofthetargettextdetermineswhatkindoftargettextshouldbeproduced.Sincethesamesourcetextmaybetranslatedinvariousways,itcanbeincludedthatahumoroussourcetextwillnotnecessarilyleadtoahumoroustargettext.Thus,accordingtotheauthor,thefactthatthetranslatorcanfeelthehumorofthesourcetextisthestartingpointofahumortranslation,whichisalsothefoundationofthediscussiononhumortranslation.Besides,theauthorofthisthesisbelievesthatahumoroussourcetextwillnotnecessaryleadtoahumoroustargettext.4.TranslationofEnglishHumorsfromthePerspectiveofTranslationEquivalenceBasedonEugene.Nida'sdynamicequivalenceandformalequivalencetheory,theauthorWangYujieexploredseveralkindsofstandardsandtechniquesonhumortranslation.Wangpointsoutthattheprimaryandmostimportantgoalistokeeptheequivalencebetweenthesourcetextandthetargettextinfunction,whichmeanstomakethetargetreceivertofeelsimilarwayasthesourcetextreaders.Accordingtotheauthor,themostsignificantfactorinhumortranslationistomaintainitshumorduringthetranslatingprocess,inwhichheviews"humorfunction"asprimaryfunction.Therefore,theauthoradvocatesthat,providedthemeaningisnotchanged,thetranslatorshouldtryhisorhermosttomakethetargettextfeelsashumorousastheoriginalone.5.OntheTranslationofEnglishHumorsAccordingtothethesis,therearetwotypesofhumortranslation:humor-orientedtranslationandnon-humor-orientedtranslation.Inhumor-orientedtranslation,thetargettextservesthepurposeofamusingthetargettextreaderandpriorityisgiventoappealtothetarget-receiver.Besides,greatattentionshouldbepaidtothehumorouselementsofthesourcetextandstrategieslikeliteraltranslation,domesticationandannotationarefrequentlyused.Innon-humor-orientedtranslationwherehumorisusedasamethodorstrategytoachievetheprimaryfunction,priorityshouldbegiventoitsprimaryfunction.Aslongastheprimaryfunctionisachieved,thetranslatorcanadoptothermethodstoperformitshumorousfunctioneffectively.6.StrategiesforTranslatingEnglishHumorsAlthoughtoarguethetranslatabilityseemstobeofnoavailtosomeresearcherssincehumorhaslongbeenconsidereduntransferrablebetweenlanguages,theprogressivestudiesinthisrespectcannotbeneglected.Newtheoriesarebeingputforwardintranslationstudies.Muchimpossibilityhasbeenorisbeingshiftedtothepossiblecategorythroughviewingtheissuefromadifferentstankpoint.Inthethesis,theuntranslatabilityandtranslatabilityofEnglishverbalhumoraswellastheshiftfromtheformertothelatterisdealtwithbytheauthor.Intheessay,Jinpointsoutthatlanguagescanbetranslatedbecausetheyshareandtherecognitionofthecommonpointsbetweenlanguagesisthefoundation.ThoughfromSino—TibetanandIndo-Europeanfamiliesrespectively,ChineseandEnglishundoubtedlyoverlapmoreorlessbecauseoftheuniversalityofenvironmentalandhistoricdevelopmentandthecognitiveprocess.Translationpractice,whichhascontributedgreatlytotheexchangeofideasbetweentheEastandtheWesthasverifiedthetranslatability.Whenitcomestohumorouslanguage,whichhasbeenthoughtasuntranslatableforlinguisticandculturalreasons,Jinhasgivenapositiveansweronconditionthatlanguage-expressedorlanguage-createdhumorandsituationalhumoraredifferentiated.Jinsaid,theformeristranslatablebecauseitusestechniques,largelylogicalandsomerhetoricaldeviceswithequivalentsinbothlanguagesandsometimesliteraltranslationisenoughtoconveythecharm.7.ClassificationandTranslationofEnglishHumorsAccordingtothethesis,therearetwotypesofhumortranslation:humor-orientedtranslationandnon-humor-orientedtranslation.Inhumor-orientedtranslation,thetargettextservesthepurposeofamusingthetargettextreaderandpriorityisgiventoappealtothetarget-receiver.Inthistype,theauthorholdsthatgreatattentionshouldbepaidtothehumorouselementsofthesourcetextandstrategieslikeliteraltranslation,domesticationandannotationarefrequentlyused.Innon-humor-orientedtranslationwherehumorisusedasamethodorstrategytoachievetheprimaryfunction,priorityshouldbegiventoitsprimaryfunction.Aslongastheprimaryfunctionisachieved,thetranslatorcanadoptothermethodstoperformitshumorousfunctioneffectively.8.TranslatingEnglishHumorwithVividnessandFaithfulnessEnglishhumorhasitslinguisticartisticfeaturesembodiedatsuchthreelevelsasphonology，morphologyandsyntax.Basedonthis，theauthorconcludesthatsuccessintranslatingEnglishhumorliesinthefactthattargetlanguagereaderscanenjoysimilaroreventhesamedegreeofaestheticjoyswithsourcelanguagereaders.AlthoughitisuniversallyacknowledgedthatEnglishhumorisextremelydifficulttotranslate,theauthorholdsthatEnglishhumoristranslatableifadequateattentionispaidtotherebuildingofimageandthekeepofthebeautyofform.Besides,inthethesistranslatingEnglishhumorwithvividnessandfaithfulnessisemphasized.9.OnE-CTranslationofEnglishHumorfromtheFunctionalistApproachInthepasttwodecades,humoranditstranslationhaveattractedscholarlyattentionfromhomeandabroad.Apopularviewisthathumortranslationisasdesperateaspoemtranslation.Inthisessay,theauthortriestoexploretranslatingEnglishhumorintoChinesefromfunctionalistapproachandshedivideshumoritintosituationalandnon-situationalhumor.Situationalhumorishighlytranslatablewhilenon-situationalhumorisdifficulttotranslateduetobothlinguisticfactorsandculturalfactors.Hereinthepaper,theauthorstartsfromtheGermanfunctionalistapproach,byreferringtotheHans.J.Vermeer'sskopostheoryandChristianaNord'sfunctionalityandloyalty,shepointsoutthatthefunctionofthetranslationdeterminesthatwaywechoose.Whendoingtranslatingwork,weshouldfirstlookintothefunctionoftranslation,andthencombinethattotheframeworkoffunctionalistapproaches.Inthisway,theauthorthinksthatEnglishhumoristosomeextanttranslatable.Moreimportantly,theauthorpointsoutthatevenifthesourcetextishumorous,thetargettextmaynotnecessarilybehumorous.10.SelectedReadingsofContemporaryWesternTranslationTheoriesTheAmerican-NetherlandsScholarJamesHolmespublishedhisthesisTheNameandNatureofTranslationStudiesin1972,inwhichheelaboratedthename,natureandscopeoftranslationstudyasasubject(Genzler1993:92).Forthepastthirtyyears,translationhasbecomeanindependentsubjecthomeandabroad.Therefore,thebook,namedasSelectedReadingofContemporaryWesternTranslationTheories,aimsatgivingcleardefinitionsandexplanationsoncontemporarytranslationapproachesbetweenthesixtiesof20thcentury,andtherepresentativesaswellastheirmonographies.Inthebook,manyapproacheslikelinguisticapproachestotranslation,functionalistapproaches,descriptiveapproaches,culturalstudiesapproaches,etc.wereexplained.Inthedevelopmentoffunctionalistapproachestotranslation,theSkoposTheory,putforwardby.VermeeranddevelopedinGermanyinthelate1970smainlyrepresentedbyKatharinaReiss,JustaHolzManttari,andChristianeNord,hasplayedaleadingrole.FromVermeer'spointofview,translationisatypeofhumanaction,anintentional,purposefulbehaviorthattakesplaceinagivensituationanditisaformoftranslationalactionbasedonasourcetext.Hebelievesthateveryactionhasanaim,apurpose,sodoesatranslationactivity.FirstintroducedintotranslationtheorybyVermeerin1970s,theGreekword"skopos"isatechniquetermforthegoalorpurposeofatranslation(Ma&Miao,2009,p.81).Theskopostheoryholdstheviewthatthewaythetargettexteventuallyformsisdeterminedlargelybythefunction,or"skopos",intendedforitinthetargetcontext.References[1]Baker,M.(ed.).RoutledgeEncyclopediaofTranslationStudies[M].London:Routledge,1998.[2]Diot,R.Humorforintellectuals:Canitbeexportedandtranslated?[J].METAJourdsdesTraducteurs,1989.[3]LiNi,OnE-CTranslationofEnglishHumorfromFunctionalistApproach[D],UniversityofElectronicofScienceandTechnologyofChina,2008.[4]Newmark,ApproachestoTranslation[M]Shanghai:ShanghaiEducationPress,2001.[5]Nida&Taber,TheoryandPracticeofTranslation[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPublication1993.[6]Nilsen,DonLF.Betterthantheoriginal:Humoroustranslationthatsucceed[M].Manchester.StJerome,1964.[7]Nord,C.TranslatingasaPurposefulActivity:FunctionalistApproachesExplained[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,2001.[8]Vermeer,HansJ..SkoposandCommissioninTranslationalAction[J].TheTranslationStudiesReader.LondonandNewYork:Routledge,2003(4):15.[9]董莉荣.浅谈英语幽默的汉译[J].肇庆学院学报.2001(4):8-10.[10]贺学耘.翻译理论综合案例教学[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2009.[11]金敏.曲径通“幽”——英语言语幽默的翻译策略[D].中南大学,2007.[12]金圣华.桥畔译谈：翻译散论八十篇[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社,1997.[13]孔迁迁.论英语幽默翻译[D].青岛：中国海洋大学,2009.[14]刘东楼，程洪金.英语幽默的现代语言学阐释[J].安徽工业大学语言学学报.2002(5):19.[15]刘宓庆.文体与翻译[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司,1998.[16]马会娟，苗菊.当代西方翻译理论选读[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2009.[17]毛荣贵.英语幽默语言汉译漫谈[J].外国语.1992(1):3-5.[18]毛荣贵.英语幽默语言赏析[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司,1993.[19]盛娜.功能翻译理论看幽默翻译[D].济南：山东大学,2007.[20][J].晋中学院学报,2010(2):27.[21]王玉洁.翻译对等理论指导下的英语幽默语言翻译[J].长春师范学院学报.2013(1):32.[22]张莉.浅析英语幽默的分类与翻译[J].管理观察.2009(12):2-8.毕业论文开题报告/文献综述 指导教师意见： Humorisaculture-loadedphenomenonanditisverychallengingtofullytranslateitintoanotherculture.EvenintheEnglish-speakingcountries,BritishhumorisquitedifferentfromthatofAmerica.SoMissXuJiashiselectedapragmaticanddemandingtopictostudyandplanstoapproachitfromthefunctionalistperspective.Shehaschosenanarrayofrelevantandhelpfulreferencestoreadandhasagoodunderstandingofthem.Thescheduleshesetupisreasonableandthetentativeoutlineofthepaperiswell-conceived.ThisresearchproposalalsodemonstrateshermasteryoftheworkinglanguageofEnglishanditshouldbesupportedandIamlookingforwardtoreadingherresearchfindingsinthenearfuture.指导教师：2014年1月16日 系部意见：系主任：年月日