数学常用词汇中英文对照

mixednumber带分数数学常用词汇中英文对照vulgarfraction，commonfraction普通分数代数部分simplefraction简分数1、有关基本运算：complexfraction繁分数add，plus加numerator分子subtract减denominator分母difference差(least)commondenominator(最小)公分母multiply,times乘quarter四分之一product积decimalfraction纯小数divide除infinitedecimal无穷小数divisible可被整除的recurringdecimal循环小数dividedevenly被整除tenthsunit十分位dividend被除数divisor因子，除数5.基本数学概念quotient商arithmeticmean算术平均值remainder余数weightedaverage加权平均值factorial阶乘geometricmean几何平均数power乘方exponent指数，幂radicalsign,rootsign根号base乘幂的底数,底边roundto四舍五入cube立方数，立方体tothenearest四舍五入squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根2.有关集合commonlogarithm常用对数union并集digit数字propersubset真子集constant常数solutionset解集variable变量inversefunction反函数3.有关代数式、方程和不等式complementaryfunction余函数algebraicterm代数项linear一次的，线性的liketerms,similarterms同类项factorization因式分解numericalcoefficient数字系数absolutevalue绝对值，literalcoefficient字母系数roundoff四舍五入inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式6.有关数论range值域naturalnumber自然数originalequation原方程positivenumber正数equivalentequation同解方程negativenumber负数等价方程oddinteger,oddnumber奇数linearequation线性方程eveninteger,evennumber偶数integer,wholenumber整数4.有关分数和小数positivewholenumber正整数properfraction真分数negativewholenumber负整数improperfraction假分数consecutivenumber连续整数数学常用词汇中英文对照第1页共6页realnumber,rationalnumber实数,有理数verticalangle对顶角irrational(number)无理数centralangle圆心角inverse倒数interiorangle内角compositenumber合数exteriorangle外角primenumber质数supplementaryangles补角reciprocal倒数complementaryangle余角commondivisor公约数adjacentangle邻角multiple倍数acuteangle锐角(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数obtuseangle钝角(prime)factor(质)因子rightangle直角commonfactor公因子roundangle周角ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制straightangle平角nonnegative非负的includedangle夹角tens十位units个位2.所有的三角形mode众数equilateraltriangle等边三角形median中数scalenetriangle不等边三角形commonratio公比isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形7.数列oblique斜三角形arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列inscribedtriangle内接三角形geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆8.其它concentriccircles同心圆approximate近似quadrilateral四边形(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向pentagon五边形cardinal基数hexagon六边形ordinal序数heptagon七边形directproportion正比octagon八边形distinct不同的nonagon九边形estimation估计，近似decagon十边形parentheses括号polygon多边形proportion比例parallelogram平行四边形permutation排列equilateral等边形combination组合plane平面table 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 格square正方形，平方trigonometricfunction三角函数rectangle长方形unit单位,位regularpolygon正多边形rhombus菱形几何部分trapezoid梯形1.所有的角alternateangle内错角4.其它平面图形correspondingangle同位角arc弧数学常用词汇中英文对照第2页共6页line,straightline直线linesegment线段7.有关坐标parallellines平行线coordinatesystem坐标系segmentofacircle弧形rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系origin原点5.有关立体图形abscissa横坐标cube立方体，立方数ordinate纵坐标rectangularsolid长方体numberline数轴regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面体quadrant象限circularcylinder圆柱体slope斜率cone圆锥complexplane复平面sphere球体solid立体的8.其它planegeometry平面几何6.有关图形上的附属物trigonometry三角学altitude高bisect平分depth深度circumscribe外切side边长inscribe内切circumference,perimeter周长intersect相交radian弧度perpendicular垂直surfacearea表面积pythagoreantheorem勾股定理volume体积congruent全等的arm直角三角形的股multilateral多边的crosssection横截面centerofacircle圆心1、单位类chord弦cent美分radius半径penny一美分硬币anglebisector角平分线nickel5美分硬币diagonal对角线dime一角硬币diameter直径dozen打（12个）edge棱score廿(20个)faceofasolid立体的面Centigrade摄氏hypotenuse斜边Fahrenheit华氏includedside夹边quart夸脱leg三角形的直角边gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)medianofatriangle三角形的中线yard码base底边，底数meter米opposite直角三角形中的对边micron微米midpoint中点inch英寸endpoint端点foot英尺vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)tangent切线的squaremeasure平方单位制transversal截线cubicmeter立方米intercept截距pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)数学常用词汇中英文对照第3页共6页子集subset2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业真子集propersubsetintercalaryyear(leapyear)闰年(366天)补集（余集）complementarysetcommonyear平年(365天)全集universedepreciation折旧交集intersectiondownpayment直接付款并集uniondiscount打折偶数集thesetofallevennumbersmargin利润奇数集thesetofalloddnumbersprofit利润含绝对值的不等式interest利息inequalitywithabsolutevaluesimpleinterest单利一元二次不等式compoundedinterest复利one-variablequadraticinequalitydividend红利逻辑logicdecreaseto减少到逻辑联结词logicconnectivedecreaseby减少了或orincreaseto增加到且andincreaseby增加了非notdenote表示真truelistprice标价假falsemarkup涨价真值表truthtablepercapita每人原命题originalpropositionratio比率逆命题conversepropositionretailprice零售价否命题negativepropositiontie打平逆否命题converse-negativeproposition充分条件sufficientcondition必要条件necessarycondition集合与简易逻辑充要条件sufficientandnecessarycondition……的充要条件是……集合（集）set…ifandonlyif…非负整数集thesetofallnon-negativeintegers函数自然数集thesetofallnaturalnumbers正整数集thesetofallpositiveintegers函数function整数集thesetofallintegers自变量argument有理数集thesetofallrationalnumbers定义域domain实数集thesetofallrealnumbers值域range元素element区间interval属于belongto闭区间closedinterval不属于notbelongto开区间openinterval有限集finiteset函数的图象graphoffunction无限集infiniteset映射mapping空集emptyset象image包含inclusion,include原象inverseimage包含于liein单调monotone数学常用词汇中英文对照第4页共6页增函数increasingfunction弧度制radianmeasure减函数decreasingfunction角度制degreemeasure单调区间monotoneinterval正弦sine反函数inversefunction余弦cosine指数exponent正切tangentn次方根nthroot余切cotangent根式radical正割secant根指数radicalexponent余割cosecant被开方数radicand诱导公式inductionformula指数函数exponentialfunction正弦曲线sinecurve对数logarithm余弦曲线cosinecurve常用对数commonlogarithm最大值maximum自然对数naturallogarithm最小值minimum对数函数logarithmicfunction周期period最小正周期minimalpositiveperiod周期函数periodicfunction数列振幅amplitudeofvibration频率frequency数列sequenceofnumber相位phase项term初相initialphase通项公式theformulaofgeneralterm反正弦arcsine有穷数列finitesequenceofnumber反余弦arccosine无穷数列infinitesequenceofnumber反正切arctangent递推公式recurrenceformula等差数列arithmeticprogression，arithmeticseries平面向量公差commondifference等差中项arithmeticmean有向线段directedlinesegment等比数列geometricprogression，数量scalarquantitygeometricseries向量vector公比commonratio零向量zerovector等比中项geometricmean相等向量equalvector共线向量collinearvectors平行向量parallelvectors三角函数向量的数乘multiplicationofvectorbyscalar三角函数trigonometricfunction单位向量unitvector始边initialside基底base终边terminalside基向量basevectors正角positiveangle平移translation负角negativeangle数量积innerproduct零角zeroangle正弦定理sinetheorem象限角quadrantangle余弦定理cosinetheorem弧度radian数学常用词汇中英文对照第5页共6页不等式圆锥曲线算术平均数arithmeticmean曲线curve几何平均数geometricmean坐标法methodofcoordinate比较法methodofcompare解析几何analyticgeometry综合法methodofsynthesis笛卡儿Descartes分析法methodofanalysis标准方程standardequation一般方程generalequation直线参数方程parameterequation参数parameter倾斜角angleofinclination圆锥曲线pointconic斜率gradient椭圆ellipse点斜式pointslopeform焦点focus,focalpoints截距intercept焦距focallength斜截式gradientinterceptform长轴majoraxis两点式two-pointform短轴minoraxis一般式generalform离心率eccentricity夹角includedangle双曲线hyperbola线性规划linearprogramming实轴realaxis约束条件constraintcondition虚轴imaginaryaxis目标函数objectivefunction渐近线asymptote可行域feasibleregion抛物线parabola最优解optimalsolution准线directrix数学常用词汇中英文对照第6页共6页