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必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars

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必修3Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsUnit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsI.重点单词聚焦1.Itcosthimmorethanone十亿)dollarstocompletetheproject.答案:billion2.“Whathappened?”John'smotheraskedhimina温和的)voice.答案:gentle3.BeforetheEarth'sprotective(大气层)wasformed,therewasnolifeexceptinthesea.答案:atmosphere4.Withthe(引...

必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars
Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsI.重点单词聚焦1.Itcosthimmorethanone十亿)dollarstocompletetheproject.答案:billion2.“Whathappened?”John'smotheraskedhimina温和的)voice.答案:gentle3.BeforetheEarth'sprotective(大气层)wasformed,therewasnolifeexceptinthesea.答案:atmosphere4.Withthe(引力)ofthemoonandthesuneachday,tides(潮汐)rollinandrollaway.答案:pull5.Man-made卫(星)areusedforsendingandreceivingmessages.答案:satellites6.Smoking(乘,增加)theriskofheartattacksandotherhealthproblems.答案:multiplies7.Eatingtoomanydessertscanbe有害的)toone'steeth.答案:harmful8.Globalwarmingand(气候)changeproblemsareperhapsthegreatestthreatstoourplanet.答案:climate9.Accordingtothe(理论)ofrelativity(相对论),nothingcantravelfasterthanlight.答案:theory10.Mostoftheevidencehadbeendestroyed.因此,于是),itwasalmostimpossibletoprovehimguilty.答案:Thusn.重点短语扫描1.prevent...阻止2.eggs3.one'sturn轮到某人;接着4.getthehang熟悉;掌握;理解5.watch密切注视;当心;提防6.depend依靠7.time及时,终于8.give产生;分娩9.cheer感到高兴;感到振奋10.now既然11.break突发;爆发fromlayinofoutoninbirthtoupthatout川.课文原句突破1.随后它会变成什么没有人知道,直到38〜45亿年前,这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。wasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.答案:Whatitwastobecome2.地球变得如此猛烈,以至于它的形状能否持久还不清楚。Theearthbecameviolentitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.答案:so;that3.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能开始发展了。Thisproducedachainreaction,which答案:madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop4.而当我试着向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedontheearthandfellover.答案:twiceasfaras5.“天哪,”我大声说。“引力改变了,走路也的确需要练一练了。”"Oh,dear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticegravityhaschanged.”答案:nowthatatmospheren.大气层,空气;环境,气氛教材原句P25:Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体,这些后来形成了地球的大气层。①Thewastetheycreategoesintotheatmosphereandmakesussick.它们制造出来的废气进入大气中,导致我们生病。②Thesimpleatmosphereoftheofficecalmedme.简朴的办公室气氛让我平静下来。③Eversincetheirquarrel,therehasbeenanunpleasantatmosphereintheoffice.自从他们发生口角以来,办公室里总有一种不愉快的气氛。1.(湖北高考)ThetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksinafriendlyA.atmosphereB.stateC.situationD.phenomenon解析:句意为:两国高层领导人之间的会谈在友好的气氛中举行。atmosphere气氛;state状态;situation处境;phenomenon现象。由句意可知A项正确。答案:Aharmfuladj.有害的,其反义词为harmless教材原句P26:Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家相信,由于地球上长期有水存在,它使得地球得以把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。beharmfulto对有害doharmto.../do...harm损害rchildren.ourhealth,butsomepeopleThereisnoharmindoingsth./Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)Itisharmfultoyourhealthtodrinktoomuch.过量喝酒对你的身体有害。Yoursmokingcanbeharmfultothehealthofyou你吸烟会危及孩子的健康。Hewouldneverfrightenanyoneorcausethemanyharm.他永远不会吓唬或伤害任何人。Hemaysayno,butthere'snoharminasking.他可能拒绝,但问一问也无妨。2.Doctorsalwaystellusthatdrinkingtoomuchdon'tcare.A.isharmtoB.doesharmfultoC.isharmfultoD.doharmto解析:句意为:医生总是告诉我们饮酒太多有害健康,但有些人却不在意。beharmfultosb.=doharmtosb.对某人有害。D项应用第三人称单数。答案:Cpuzzlevt.使迷惑;使为难;使窘困;感到迷惑;n.(游戏的)猜谜;难题;谜教材原句P27:Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。①Whatpuzzlesmeiswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.令我百思不解的是他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。②Ihavebeenpuzzlingaboutthisquestionforweeksnow.我对这个问题已冥思苦想了好几个星期。③It'squiteapuzzletouswhyhedidthat.他为何做这样的事,我们完全搞不懂。④HerpuzzledlookonherfacesuggestedshedidntunderstandwhatIsaid.她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。3.完成句子Shelostheartsinceshefailedintheexam.She对将来感到迷茫).答案:feltpuzzledaboutherfuturepulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力教材原句P30:Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.随着火箭的升空,我们被重重地推回到座位上,因为我们正尽力摆脱地球的引力。pullback撤回pulldown拆毁;摧毁pullin(车辆)进站停靠;靠边停靠pullout驶出;退出pullthroughHepulledthedooropenandrushedout.他拉开门,冲了出去。Thepolicecarsignalledtoustopullin.警车发出信号,要我们驶向路边停靠。Wewavedasthetrainpulledoutofthestation.火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。ThedoctortoldmethatIwouldpullthrough.医生告诉我我会康复的。4.用pull的短语填空:(1)Housesweretomakewayforanewhighway.(2)Cheerup!Takemoreexerciseeverydayandyouwill(3)Johnbehindmeandparked.(4)Becarefulwhenyouofthedriveway.(3)pulledin答案:(1)pulleddown(2)pullthrough(4)pulloutintime及时;终于;总有一天Hemanagedtosendthetouriststotheairportintime.?你会在孩子他设法把游客及时送到机场。Willyoubehomeintimetoseethechildrenbeforetheygotobed们上床睡觉之前回来看他们吗?Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.如果坚持下去,你们迟早会成功的。ontime准时;按时innotime立即;马上atatime一次;每次atonetimeatthesametime同时takeone'stime别着急;慢慢来④Atonetime,halfthelandontheEarth'ssurfacewascoveredbyforest.曾经,地球表面有一半的土地被森林所覆盖。⑤Youmustgiveyourhomeworktotheteacherontime.你必须准时把作业交给老师。5.用time的适当短语填空:(1)Thecloudneverhidesthesun.Thetruthwillbeknowntoall(2)therewerenotsomanycarsonthestreets.(3)Igoouttothebeachtorelax.(4)—IamafraidIcan'treturnthebooktoyoubeforeFriday.答案:(1)intime(2)Atonetime(3)Attimes(4)Takeyourtimeinone'sturn轮到某人;接着教材原句P26:Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是,他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。Whenitisinmyturn,Iamtooexcitedtospeak.当轮到我时,我激动得都说不出话来了。inturn依次,轮流;反之,反过来byturns轮流;交替地taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事②Thecustomerpraisedthemanager,whointurnpraisedhisstaff.顾客表扬了经理,经理转而表扬了他的职员。③Alltheoriesarederivedfrompracticeandinturnservepractice.所有的理论都来源于实践,并反过来为实践服务。④Nowitisyourturntolookafterthechildren.现在轮到你照看孩子了。6.(湖北高考)Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthiscreatesfurtherproblems.A.inshortB.incaseC.indoubtD.inturn解析:本题考查短语意思辨析。inshort意为“总之,简言之”;incase意为“假使,以防万一”;indoubt意为“感到怀疑,被怀疑的”;inturn意为“反过来,依次,轮流”。根据句意要求应选D。答案:prevent...from...阻止/制止做教材原句P26:Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。①Noonecanpreventthisplanfrombeingcarriedout.谁也不能阻止这个 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 的实施。②Oncehehasmadeuphismind,nothingcanpreventhimfromdoingso.一旦他下定决心,什么也不能阻止他这样做。③Hisadviceprevented/kept/stoppedmefrommakingaseriousmistake.他的忠告使我免于犯严重的错误。④Hewearssunglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.他带墨镜保护眼睛使其免受太阳光的伤害。7.完成句子Measureshavebeentakento阻止河流污染).答案:prevent/stop/keeptheriverfrombeingpollutedcheerup(使)高兴;使振奋;感到振奋教材原句P31:Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.我立刻高兴起来,由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去,我望着(身后的)地球越来越小,而(前方的)月亮越来越大。①GiveMaryacallsheneedscheeringup.给玛丽打个电话,她需要人安慰。Cheerup!Ourtroubleswillsoonbeover.storiestocheermeup.当我感到振作起来!我们的困难很快就会过去。③WhenI'mfeelingsadmymothertellsmefunny他们这样忧伤时,我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。Theydothisinordertoencouragecrowdstocheertheirsportsteam.做是为了鼓励人们为他们的球队加油。8.(2009•天津卷)—I'mthinkingofthetesttomorrow.1'mafraidIcan’tpassthistime.!I'msureyou'llmakeit.A.GoaheadB.GoodluckC.NoproblemD.Cheerup解析:句意为:——我正在考虑明天考试的问题,恐怕这次我会不及格。——振作起来!我相信你会通过的。根据上下文只有Cheerup“振作起来”符合题意,而Goahead继续,Goodluck好运气,Noproblem没问题,均不符合题意。答案:D解析:本题句意应为:彼得的夹克衫看上去与杰克的相同,但价格却是他的两倍。表达倍earthButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheandfellover.步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,而当我试着向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,而我摔倒了。倍数表达法:(1)“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。(2)“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”,表示“A是B的多少倍”。(3)“A+倍数+thesize/height/length/width,etc.+of+B",表示“A是B的多少倍”。(4)A+倍数+what从句①Therearefivetimesmorebooksinourlibrarythaninyours.我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。②HehasreadtwiceasmanybooksasIhave.他读的书是我读过的两倍。Myhouseistwicethesizeofmyparents.我的房子是我父母的两倍大。didlastyear.我们Ourcityhasexperieneedtwiceasmuchrainthisyearasit城市今年的雨水是去年的两倍。9.(2009•江西卷)Accordingtostatistics,amanismorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerawoman.A.thanB.suchC.soD.as解析:阅读题干可知此题考查倍数句式的同级比较句型,其构成应为:倍数词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+另一比较对象,所以此空应填as。答案:D10.(2009•辽宁卷)Peter'sjacketlookedjustthesameasJack's,butitcosthis.A.asmuchtwiceasB.twiceasmuchasC.muchastwiceasD.astwicemuchas数用"倍数词+as+adj.+as”结构。答案:B11.(陕西高考)Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewasthatoftheirs.A.astwicelargeasB.twiceaslargeasC.twiceasmuchasD.astwicemuchas解析:句意为:十年前我们村的人口是他们村的10倍。形容词比较级的结构之一为:倍数+as+形容词原级+as...答案:Bthisyearastheydidlast12.SomepartsinSouthChinahaveexperiencedyear.A.twiceasmuchrainB.raintwiceasmuchC.astwicemuchrainD.twicerainasmuch解析:考查倍数表达法倍数+asmany/much+n.+as...”。因倍数词为前位限定词,排除B、C两项,而D项不合句型结构。答案:AOhdear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪,”我大声说:“重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”nowthat由于;既然,引导原因状语从句,有时that可以省略。NowthatIhavenothingtodo,Icanenjoymusicforalittlewhile.既然我无事可做,我可以享受一会儿音乐了。你已长大了,可以自Nowyouhavegrownup,youcanmakeupyourmindbyyourself.己作决定了。辨析:because,since,as,for与nowthat(1)because语气最强,一般指事情发生的直接原因,回答提问时,一般放在主句之后。Hewasabsentfromthemeetingbecausehewasillyesterday.昨天他没参加会议是因为他病了。(2)since语气较弱,指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因,侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已知的理由。Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneelse.既然你回答不出这个问题,我就问别人了。(3)as语气比because弱,所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由,从句一般放在主句前。Astherewasnoanswer,wewrotehimagain.鉴于他没有回复,我们又给他写了封信。(4)for是并列连词,表示推断的原因,或对前一分句补充说明理由。for表示这一用法时需放在两句之间。Itmusthaverainedlastnightforthegroundiswet.昨晚肯定下雨了,因为地面是湿的。13.(北京高考)—DidyoureturnFred'scall?—Ididn'tneedtoI'llseehimtomorrow.A.thoughB.unlessC.whenD.because解析:句意为:——你给Fred回电话了吗?——我没必要回,因为明天我要去见他。though虽然;uniess除非;when当时;because因为。答案:14.you'vegotachance,youmightasweiimakefuiiuseofit.A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas解析:句意为:既然你得到了一次机会,不妨充分利用它。答案:AI.完成句子1.(既然)you'vefinishedyourhomeworkyoucangoandplayfootballtohavearest.答案:Nowthat2.Doyourbestinyourcareer,andyou'llsucceed(迟早).3.答案:intime(当心)forhistemper!He'snoteasytodeaiwith.感到答案:Watchout4.WheneverI'mupset,sheaiwayshasagoodideatomakeme高兴).答案:cheerup5.Thefirstmodernrobot诞生)in1954,createdbyGeorgeDavelandoperateddigitally.答案:cameintoexistenceThegovernmenthastakenmeasurestotheculturalrelics(阻止被损坏).答案:prevent;frombeingdamagedn.巧思妙解1.mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which解析:本题考查名词性从句的用法。根据句子的 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 ,mattersmostinlearningEnglish是主语部分,isenoughpractice是谓语部分。再分析主语部分,发现缺少的是主语,指的是事情,所以应该用一个代词what。答案:A2.worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.A.ThisB.ThatC.WhatD.It解析:考查代词it的用法。用做形式主语。真正的主语是theway。答案:3.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As解析:考查名词性从句。所填词引导主语从句,引导词作从句的宾语,指物;用what。parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.答案:4.hecouldn'tunderstandwas,asateacherofChinese,hewasaskedtoteachhistory.A.What;thatB.What;whatC.What;whichD.Why;how解析:第一个空格引导主语从句,且从句缺宾语,故用what,而不用在从句中作状语的why;第二个空格引导表语从句,且该从句不缺任何成分,故用在表语从句中不作成分的that,而不用在从句中作成分的what,which,how。答案:A5.isknowntousallisthatthe2012OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinLondon.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which解析:句意为:我们都知道,2012年奥运会在伦敦举行。本题是由一个主语从句isknowntousaII和一个表语从句thatthe2012OIympic...组成,主语从句中缺少主语,用what指代这一事件,注意本题可以转化为Itisknowntousallthatthe2012OlympicGameswiII...(it作形式主语);以及Asisknowntous,the2012OlympicGameswill...(As引导非限制性定语从句)。答案:B川.语法专练本单元语法——主语从句1.(2010•温州三模)PIeaserememberwinsyourrespectisnotyourbackgroundbutyourknowIedgeandvirtues.thatwhatwhichwhere又为主语从句。解析:考查主语从句。句意为:请记住,为你赢得尊重的不是你的背景,而是你的知识和美德。题干中remember之后为宾语从句,其中,whatwinsyourrespect答案:B2.(2010•浙江卷)ltisuncertainsideeffectthemedicinewiIIbringabout,A.thatC.how解析:句意为:尽管说已经有大约两千名病人服用了这种药品,但是,这种药品会带来什aIthoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.B.whatD.whetherthat无实际意义,么副作用还不明确。本题考查名词性从句。本题设空处须引导主语从句,在从句中不作成分;what什么,在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语,还可修饰名词作定语;whether是否,在从句中作状语,不how如何,多么;在从句中作方式状语或修饰形容词;修饰名词。sideeffect为名词短语,故须用what修饰。答案:B3.(2011•海淀一模).youngpeopleseeandhearinthemediahelpsthemtofigureouthowtheworldworks.A.WhichC.WhatB.ThatD.How少宾语,因此空白处应填What。解析:考查主语从句。语境为:年轻人通过媒体听到的和看到的事情帮助他们了解周围的世界是如何运转的。“youngpeopleseeandhearinthemedia”中动词see和hear缺答案:C—Well,4.(2011•安徽皖南八校联考)—Marylooksdowntoday.Whatisup?happenedbetweenMaryandmeisnoneofyourbusiness.A.whereverB.whoeverC.whateverD.nomatterwhat解析:whatever引导主语从句,在从句中作主语。答案:C5.(2011•东城第一学期检测)ltmakeshislifequitedifferent.hehasreceivededucationabroad.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how解析:考查连词。it作形式主语,that引导的主语从句作真正的主语,that不可以省略。从句部分主谓宾成分齐全,可以排除B、C;how表方式,不符合语境。答案:A
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