蔬菜种类识别

蔬菜分类与识别制作者：肖玉周2一、蔬菜起源、传入及演化我国食用蔬菜就有56科，229种高等植物32科201种(包括变种)在我国普遍栽培的有50—60种蔬菜植物的范围之广种类、品种繁多。3二、蔬菜的分类（一）分类方法植物学－－植物形态学系统分类食用器官不同－－食用器官分类农业生产－－农业生物学分类4（二）蔬菜种类1.十字花科（Cruciferae）草本，单叶或掌状复叶，营养茎短缩，花茎直立。总状花序，花两性，十字花冠，四强雄蕊，角果，侧膜胎座，具假隔膜。5萝卜属（Raphanus）子叶肾形，真叶大头羽状半裂；花大，白色或紫色，排成总状花序；花瓣倒卵形，长角果圆筒状，种子1行，球形或卵形，子叶对折。具块根。67芸薹属（Brassica）草本，基生叶及茎下部叶常大头羽裂,常有柄，上部叶抱茎或不抱茎。花黄色，稀为白色；长角果圆柱形,每室1列，近球形，子叶纵折。89不结球白菜菜心菜薹10结球白菜11叶用芥菜茎用芥菜根用芥菜12芜菁13Broccoli1415Kohlrabi(Brassicaoleraceavar.gongylodes162.豆科（Leguminosae）草本，叶为羽状复叶或三出复叶，有叶枕。花冠多为蝶形或假蝶形，两性，两侧对称，二体雄蕊，也有单体或分离。荚果。17菜豆属菜豆PhaseolusvulgarisL.豌豆属豌豆PisumsativumL.蚕豆属蚕豆ViciafabaL.豇豆属豇豆VignasesquipedalisWight.大豆属大豆GlycinemaxMerr.扁豆属扁豆DolichoslablabL.1819                                                                   Size2021利马豆　                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   22扁豆23四棱豆243.茄科（Solanaceae）单叶，互生。花单生、簇生或聚伞花序，花瓣为5基数，辐射对称，花萼宿存。花冠轮状。子房由2心皮合生而成。浆果或蒴果；种子胚乳丰富，肉质。25茄属（Solanum）茄（S.melongenaL.）马铃薯（S.tuberosumL.）龙葵（S.nigrumL.）烟草属（Nicotiana）烟草（N.tabacumL.）番茄属（Lycopersicon）番茄（L.esculentumMill.）辣椒属（Capsicum）辣椒（C.frutescensL.）枸杞属（ Lycium）枸杞L.chinenseMill.酸浆属（Physalia）酸浆P.sativusL.26。                                                                                                                                                                                                 辣椒                                                                                                   27。                                                                                                                              番茄         28                                                                        29Strawberrytomato(Physalispubescens)304.葫芦科（Cucurbitaceae）具卷须的草质藤本。叶掌状分裂。花单性，花药折叠；子房下位，侧膜胎座，瓠果。果实外层（花托和外果皮）坚硬，中果皮和内果皮肉质化，胎座也肉质化31黄瓜属黄瓜CucumissativusL.甜瓜C.meloL.普通甜瓜var.MakuwaMakino.网纹甜瓜Var.ReticulatusNaud.南瓜属南瓜(中国南瓜)CucurbitamoschataDuch.exPoir.西葫芦(美洲南瓜)C.pepoL.笋瓜(印度南瓜)C.maximaDuch.西瓜属西瓜CitrulluslanatusMansfeld冬瓜属冬瓜BenincasahispidaCogn.葫芦属瓠瓜LagenarialeucanthaRusby.丝瓜属丝瓜LuffacylindricaRoem.苦瓜属苦瓜MomordicacharantiaL.32                                                                                                                                                                                              33。注意：请用IE4.0以上版本,800*600以上分辨率浏览本页面如有任何问题请与南京农业大学植物科学系植物教研组联系 <<<上一页                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    34。                                                                                                                                                       35。                                                                                                                                 36。                                                                                                                                                                                          37                                                                                                                    38                             39。                                                        40                                                                   41425.菊科Compositae头状花序，聚药雄蕊。瘦果顶端常有冠毛或鳞片。43莴苣属 莴苣LactucasativaL莴（苣）笋var.AngustanaIrish.直筒莴苣var.longifoliaLam皱叶莴苣var.CrispaL.结球莴苣var.capitataL.茼蒿属 茼蒿Chrysanthemumcoronariumvar.spatisumBailey苦菊属 苦菊CichoriumendiviaL.牛蒡属 牛蒡ArctiumlappaL.婆罗门参属 婆罗门参TragopogonporrifoliusL.菊属 菊花脑ChrysanthemumnankingensisH.M.另外：蒲公英（TaraxacummongolicumHand-Mazz.）、苣荬菜（SonchusbrachyotusDC.）、苦菜（Ixerischinensis(Thunb.)Nakai)。44                                           。                  456.伞形科Umbelliferae一年生至多年生草本，茎直立或匍匐上升；叶互生，为一回掌状分裂或一至四回羽状分裂的复叶，叶柄基部扩大成鞘状；花小，两性或杂性，复伞形花序或单伞形花序。花萼与子房贴生，萼齿5或无；花瓣5，雄蕊5，与花瓣互生，子房下位，2室，每室有一个倒悬的胚珠，双悬果。46芹属 芹菜ApiumgraveolensL.根芹菜A.g.var.rapaceumD.C.西洋芹菜A.g.var.dulceD.C.芫荽属芫荽CoriandrumsativumL.胡萝卜属胡萝卜DaucuscarotaL.茴香属茴香FoeniculumvulgareMill47。                                                                                                                                                 。。                                                           48497.唇形科（Labiatae）草本。植株含芳香油。茎直立或匍匐状，常四棱形；枝条对生。叶通常为单叶，全缘或具各种齿、浅裂或深裂，大多对生。顶生或腋生的总状、穗状或圆锥状的复合花序。50紫苏（Perillafrutescens（L.）Brit.)草石蚕（StachyssieboldiiMiq.)萝勒（OcimunBasilicumL.Varpilosum(Will)Benth)荆芥NepetaL.薄荷（MenthaarvensisL.)518.藜科Chenopodiaceae：草本或半灌木，叶互生，稀对生，单叶，全缘、有齿或分裂，通常肉质；花小，两性，较少为杂性或单性，雌雄同株。52甜菜属根用甜菜（红菜头，Betavulgarisvar.rapaceaKoch.）叶用甜菜（牛皮菜，B.v.var.ciclaL.）菠菜属菠菜（SpinaciaoleraceaL.）5354559.葵科Basellaceae落葵属①红花落葵BasellarubraL.②白花落葵B.albaL.5610.苋科Amaranthaceae苋菜属①苋菜AmarathustricolorLinn.②千穗谷(粒用苋)A.hypochondriacusL.5711. 睡莲科Nymphaeacea① 莲藕NelumbiumnelumboDruce(N.nuciferaGaertn.)② 芡实EuryaleferoxSalisb.12.菱科TrapaL.5813.锦葵科Malvaceae秋葵属黄秋葵HibiscusesculentusL.锦葵属冬寒菜MalvacrispaL.（MalvaverticillataL.）5960黄秋葵食用61冬寒菜6214.旋花科（Convolvulaceae）缠绕茎，漏斗花冠，蒴果。蕹菜（IpomoeaaquaticaForsk.）番薯：Ipomoeabatatas(Linn.)Lamarck636415.百合科（Liliaceae）草本，具鳞茎、根茎或球茎，花被片6枚，花瓣状，排列成2轮；雄蕊6枚，与花被片对生；子房3室。蒴果或浆果。65萱草属金针菜(黄花菜)HemerocallisflavaL.天门冬属石刁柏(芦笋)AsparagusofficinalisL.文竹(Asparagussetaeus（Kunth）Jessop.)葱属洋葱AlliumcepaL.韭菜A.tuberosumRottlerexPrengelL.大蒜A.sativumL.大葱A.fistulosumL.百合属百合（L.browniivar.viridulumBaker）666716.禾本科Gramineae秆常圆柱形，有节，而节间常中空。叶2列，叶鞘边缘常分离而覆盖。由小穗组成种种花序，颖果。甜玉米Zeamaysvar.rugosaBomaf.茭白（ZizaniaaguaticaL.)竹笋68其他蔬菜17.天南星科(Araceae)芋(ColocasiaesculentaSchott.)6918.姜科(Zingiberaceae)姜(ZingiberofficinalRosc.)7019.薯芋科－－山药20.泽泻科－－慈菇21莎草科－－荸荠22.楝科－－香椿23.香蒲科－－蒲菜