考试虫王若平的考研英语长难句过关第一部分

阅读基本功难句过关 （王若平）   第一部分 难句分类辨析 第一章        定语从句 定语从句的修饰对象一直是阅读中经常遇到而难以把握的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ，定语从句的关系词究竟修饰上文中的哪个单词、短语或整个句子，一要靠语言知识，二要根据上下文进行逻辑判断。 定语从句有限定性和非限定性之分。此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等关系。 But he did not talk at length about the matter, which was not considered by the White House to be a particularly important question. (说明原因) 他没有详细地谈这件事，因为白宫没有把它看作是个特别重要的问题。 Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. (假设) 如果认为理性知识可以不从感性知识得来，他就是一个唯心主义者。 So my chances of getting to revolutionary China are pretty slim, although I have not given up y efforts to get a passport, that will enable me to visit the countries of Socialism. (目的) 因此，我到革命的中国的希望相当小了，然而我并没有放弃努力来争取一张护照，使我得以访问社会主义国家。 He insisted on buying a car, which he could not afford and had no use for. (表让步) 他坚持要买辆轿车，尽管他买不起，而且也不需要。 1. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries; the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. 要点：从 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 上分析，which修饰 “the growth of knowledge” 图 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能，而教育的发展又反过来使图书馆不断扩大充实。知识的增长遵循了一种复利法则。由于印刷术的发明，这一知识增长过程得以大大加速。 2. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overhead will be low. 如果他们每个人都能予以信任承担这样的职责，并在他们所管辖的范围内发挥主动性，那么管理费用就会降低。 3. There are probably no question we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even that matter of consciousness. 迟早可能不存在我们想得出但解答不了的问题，甚至包括我们意识的问题。 4. The curtain was rung down in that phase of history, at least, by the sudden invention of the hydrogen bomb, of the ballistic missile and of rockets that can be aimed to hit the moon. 至少由于氢弹、弹道导弹和登月火箭出人意料地发明，那个历史时期宣告结束了。 5. Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean’s surface and last for over 70 minutes. (三个定语从句) 关于威德尔海豹特殊的生理机制，在实验室里对其进行的研究已作过详细的描述。该生理机制使海豹可以适应长时间潜水时出现的极度缺氧。海豹长时间潜水时最深可达水面以下500米，时间可持续70多分钟。 6. The renaissance of the feminist movement began during the 1950’s led to the Stasist school, which sidestepped the good bad dichotomy and argued that frontier women lived lives similar t the lives of women in the East. 20世纪50年代女权运动的复兴产生了斯塔西学派，这一学派回避好与坏的二分法，认为边境地区妇女和东部妇女过着同样的生活。 7. Tom, the book’s protagonist, took issue with a man who doted on his household pet yet, as a slave merchant, thought “nothing of separating the husband from the wife, the parents from the children”. 书中的主人公汤姆与一个人发生了争执。这人虽然爱家中的宠物。但作为一个奴隶贩子，却认为“拆散夫妻，让骨肉分离算不了什么”。 8. We are not conscious of the extent to which work provide the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life. 我们不了解工作给人们提供的能把充实的生活与空虚的生活区分开来的心理满足的程度有多大。 9. Thus, the unity that should characterize the strong system is developed by affording opportunity for diversity, which appears to be essential if education is to develop in consideration of the needs of children and youth. 因此，强大的教育体系所具备的统一性这一特点是通过提供各种机会来达到的。如果发展教育要考虑儿童和青年的需要，多种机会就显得至关重要。 10. Automobiles have been designed which operate on liquid hydrogen, but these system give rise to seemingly unavoidable problems arising from the handling of a cryogenic liquid. 虽然已经 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 出液氢驱动的汽车，但是这些系统带来一些由如何处理低温液体而引发的似乎难以回避的问题。 11. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者的看法是：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中长大，而这些刺激物又能培养其作出适当的反应能力，那么他就会有比较高的智力发展水平。 12. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 虽然有多少个历史学家，就差不多有多少种历史学的定义，但现代史学家的实践大都趋向于这样一种定义，即历史学是旨在重现和解释过去重大事件的学科。 13. While this boundary does not mark the outer limit of a State’s territory, since in international law the territorial sea forms part of a State’s territory, it does represent the demarcation(分界，定界，界限)between that maritime area(internal waters) where other States enjoy no general rights, and those maritime areas (the territorial sea and other zones) where other States do enjoy certain general rights. 尽管这条分界线并不算是国家领土的外缘边界，但是，因为在国际法中领海也是国家领土的组成部分，它的确是其他国家在其内不享有一般权利的海区（内水域）与其他国家在其中享有某些一般权利的那些海区（领海及其他区域）之间的分界线。 14. He finds that students who were easy to teach because they succeeded in putting everything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks. 他发现原先比较容易教的学生现在踌躇不前了：原先比较容易教是因为他们能把教给他们的所有东西都付诸实践；现在踌躇是因为他们面对着大量的在基础教科书上所没有接触过的英语词汇和惯用法。 15. The reader who peruses (细读（正式）) with some attention the following pages will have occasion to see that both operational and mental aspects of physics have their place, but that neither should be stressed to the exclusion of the other. 读者如果略微仔细地阅读以下几页就会有理由认为，实验操作和思维在物理学中都具有一定的地位，因而不能强调一方而忽略另一方。 16. The public is unhappy about the way society is going, and its view, fueled in part by the agendists and the media, seems to be that judicial (司法的)decisions unacceptable to them, regardless of the evidence or the law, will slow or change social directions. 公众对社会发展的前景不乐观，在议事人士和新闻媒体的某种鼓动下，公众的观点似乎是：不管证据或法律，司法判决对他们来说是不可接受的，这些判决将会延缓或者改变社会走向。 17. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish(痛苦) and travail(辛苦), among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing. 我愿意利用这个时刻，利用这个举世瞩目的讲坛，向那些听到我讲话并已献身同一艰苦劳动的男女青年致敬。他们当中肯定有人迟早也会站到我现在所站的地方。 18. Our hope for creative living in this world house that we have inherited lies in our ability to re-establish the moral ends of our lives in personal character and social justice. 我们希望富有创造性地生活在我们继承的这个世界家庭当中，这种希望存在于我们重新建立人类个性和社会公平方面的生活道德目标的能力之中。 19. From the very day of the capitulation, by which Bismark’s prisoners had signed the surrender of France but reserved to themselves a numerous bodyguard for the express purpose of cowing Paris, Paris stood on the watch. 从法国投降那一天起，巴黎就严加戒备，因为屈从于俾斯麦的法国政府签约投降时，保留了一支相当庞大的军事力量，目的是为了威胁恐吓巴黎。 20. When I’m having trouble with a story and think about giving up, or when I start to feel sorry for myself and think things should be easier for me, I roll a piece of paper into that cranky old machine and type, word by painful word, just the way my mother did. 每当我写文章遇到困难想打退堂鼓时，或是自叹不走运时，我就往那台破旧的打字机里卷进一张纸，像妈妈当年一样，一个字一个字吃力地打着。 21. What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical check up just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? 举例来说，一个46岁的男子，在与家人外出度假之前进行常规体检。虽然他自我感觉良好，但医生发现他患了某种形式的癌症，不超过6个月就会死去。这时，医生该怎么对他讲呢？ 22. Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come and all the old wounds begin to ache, I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people, all numbered and registered, with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind, a rich personality, on the whole packed globe. 在午夜和黎明之间，每当我不能入睡，一切旧的创伤开始疼痛的时候，我常常想象未来世界的恶梦般的情景，在所有登记编号入册的亿万人民生活的这个拥护不堪的世界上，没有一处有一线天才的光芒、独创性的头脑和丰富多彩的个性。 23. It needs men who can be prompted without an aim except the aim to be on the move, to function, to go ahead. 社会需要这样的人：他们只为一种目标所激励，即积极行动、恪尽职守、奋发向上。 24. We live in a narrowed world where we must be alert, awake to realism; and realism demands a standard which either must be met or result in failure. 我们生活在一个狭窄的世界里，我们必须对现实主义保持警觉并有所认识，现实主义要求有一个标准，不是达到这个标准，就是以失败告终。 25. We can expose our children to the best values we have found. 我们能够让孩子接受我们所发现的最佳价值观。 26. In short, you will act like the sort of person you conceive yourself to be. 简言之，你如何去行动就看你如何想象自己。 27. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society. 对我们来说，一个成功者即代表个人又是社会的一份子，他的真实表现是可信、可靠、机敏、真诚。 28. Those most loved invariably those who have the capacity for believing in others. 那些信任别人的人总是最受人爱戴的。 29. Americans who stem from generations which left their old people behind and never closed their parents’ eyelids in death, and who have experienced the death provided by two world wars fought far from our shores are today pushing away from them both a recognition of death and a recognition of the way we live our lives. 上溯到美国人的先辈，他们都有撇下了亲人，不能替逝去的父母合上眼睑的痛楚。而如今的美国人在体验了远离我们大陆的两次世界大战造成的死亡以后，不论是对死亡的认识，还是对我们的生活方式的认识，都一概不在意了。 30. Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, who are our ideological ancestors, thought the goal of life was the unfolding of a person’s potentialities: what mattered to them was the person who is much, not the one who have much or uses much. 当然，18、19世纪的人文思想家们，他们是我们意识形态领域的先辈，他们认为人生的目的就是充分展示个人潜在的能力。对于他们来说，重要的是人本身的价值，而并非占有和使用才是人的价值。 31. How much easier, how much more satisfying it is for you who can see to grasp quickly the essential qualities of another person by watching the subtleties of expression, the quiver of a muscle, the flutter of a hand. 对于你们能用眼睛观察事物的人，通过观察那些难以捉摸的表情，观察肌肉的颤抖和挥动的手势，就能迅速捕捉一个人的基本特征，该是十分容易和更令人满足的事情。 32. Her woebegone expression, her hang-dog manner, her over-anxiousness to please, or perhaps her unconscious hostility towards those she anticipated will affront her-all act to drive away those whom she would attract. 他本来可以吸引很多人，只因她那副愁眉苦脸的表情，自觉做错事的样子，急于讨好别人的举动，或者也许是她以为别人会有意使她难堪而产生的下意识的敌意，往往把人吓跑。 33. There is a very long list of such “perhapses”, few of which we are in a position to evaluate with any degree of assurance. 我们可以将这类“也许”排满一张长长的单子，其中，我们能够有把握加以评估的却很少。 34. If marriage exists only as an intimate relationship that can be terminated at will, and family exists only by virtue of bonds of affection, both marriage and family are relegated to the marketplace of trading places, with individuals maximizing their psychological capital by moving through a series of more or less satisfying intimate relationships. 如果婚姻只是一种可以任意终结的亲密关系，而家庭只是靠爱情的纽带来维持，那么婚姻和家庭则沦为可以自由买卖的市场，每个人都可以穿梭于一系列或多或少会让自己心满意足的亲密关系，从而使自己的心理资本得到最大的增值。   第二章  倒装句 为了强调句子某一部分，或为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，英语常采用倒装 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 。倒装可分为主谓倒装和非谓倒装。主谓倒装又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 例如，它们（指测试）并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明一个贫困青年，要是在比较有利的境况下长大，会有多大的才干。 2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years. 不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“生育高峰期”出生的一代人达到生育年龄，婴儿的出生数量增加了，这同样也起了作用。 3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job. 我虽然见多识广，但还从未见过比她细心的人，不管职业是什么。 4. Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequences of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and some astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.. 宇宙膨胀学尽管听似奇特，但它是由基本粒子物理学中的一些公认理论推论出来，从科学角度看有其可信度，而且许多天体物理学家七八年来一直确信这一论说是正确的。 5. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly. 只有很好地掌握了语法知识，写出的东西才能正确。 6. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. 1980年哪里的人口普查统计资料也不如远西地区的更能生动地说明美国人对宽敞的生活环境的追求。 7. In no country other than Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. 据说，除了在英国，在哪个国家一天之内也经历不了4个季节。 8. We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs. 我们被告知，在任何情况下都不允许使用办公室的电话办私事。 9. Not since Americans crossed the continent in covered wagons have they exercised and dieted as vigorously as they are doing today. 自从美国人乘坐篷车横穿大陆以来，他们还没有哪个时期像今天这样起劲地锻炼和节食。 10. Not until these fundamental subjects were sufficiently advanced was it possible to solve the main problems of flight mechanics. 直到这些基础学科得到充分发展，才有可能解决飞行力学的全部问题。(直到……才) 11. Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly. 我们一点也未料到他会这么快就完成了任务。 12. Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.（刚……就……） 他刚开始讲，听众就打断了他的话。 13. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. (一……就……) 这意味着他刚习惯了一套日常工作安排，就得改变为另一套，因此他的大量时间都在既不能高效率地工作也不能很好地睡眠中度过。 14. Not only did white men encroach (侵占) upon the Indians’ hunting grounds, but they rapidly destroyed the Indians’ principal means of existence-the buffalo. 白人不仅侵占印第安人的猎场，而且快速地毁灭印第安人的主要食物来源-野牛。 15. So great was the honour that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. 赛跑的获胜者得到如此大的荣誉，以致他获胜的那一年就以其名字命名。 16. To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out. 她的排演中搞得太过分，以致两名男演员退出不干了。 17. In this class are ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desires. (如果主语过长或主语结构比较复杂，往往将表语置于句首，采用倒装语序，以使句子保持平衡) 属于这一类的广告具有的特点是，它们暗示所推荐的产品能满足人类的某些基本欲望。 18. Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill. 随着人口在东北部和中西部近乎停止增长，地区性竞争愈演愈烈：这就是1980年的人口普查所显示出来的国家情况。 19. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. 与日益增加的信息量相提并论的是使以下情况得以实现的技术的发展，即空前快速的储存和传送更多的信息到更多的地方。 20. “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities”, says a law professor at Cornell School who helped draft the new guidelines. 康奈尔法学院的一位曾帮助起草新方针的法学教授说：“重要的信息可能会淹没在无关紧要的信息的海洋中。” 21. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling. (除了倒装之外，有时只是将在正常语序中通常出现较晚的某一成分提前了，而句子的主谓顺序并没有变，这种情况被称为前置。前置的目的是为了对前置的成分进行强调或句子的平衡与衔接。前置的成分通常是宾语、宾语的补语、表语和状语) 他们的成绩与现代水平相比结果如何，遗憾的是我们无可奉告。 22. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behaviour at its most commonplace. 我们自己大脑的内部活动，我们觉得非常值得研究；但是至于习俗，我们的看法是，那不过是最寻常的行为举止。 23. The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U.S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. (正常的语序unconvincing在句尾) 战后在美国出现的婴儿出生高峰，使得美国向贫穷国家提出的节制生育的意见显得苍白无力。 24. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water. 植物发育生长的全部基本过程当然是在水中发生的。 25. We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we remain. 我们确实不应因被称为穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋，而且还会继续是穷光蛋。 26. The nobler and more perfect a thing is, the later and slower it is in arriving at maturity. 一种事物越高贵、越完美，其达到成熟的过程就会越慢，时间就会越晚。 27. This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear. 这是历史上首次出现的一个给人以希望的世界。在这个世界上有希望诞生一个没有贫困、没有恐惧的社会。 28. Today the main economic activities of the family are in the nature of consumption-however productive may be what some of its members do in society. 今天，家庭的主要经济活动是消费性的，尽管家庭中有些成员在社会上所干的可能是生产性的 29. Of the intrinsic (实在的，本质的) differences that separate American from English the chief have their roots in the obvious disparity between the environment and traditions of the American people since the seventeenth century and those of the English. 美语之所以区别于英语是由本质上的差异决定的。而主要差异的根源在于两个不同的社会环境和不同的文化传统。自17世纪以来美国人和英国人在这两方面的差异是很明显的。 30. Especially was this importance impressed on me when I realized how much Hollywood was involved in exporting American life to the world, and how much Broadway with all its theatres meant to the modern drama. 当我认识到好莱坞把多少美国生活介绍到国外，以及百老汇戏剧对现代戏剧有多大意义时，我特别深刻地感到其重要性。 31. Lost in the euphoria (安乐感，陶醉感) of success is any thought that-in another place, at another time-it may well be naval air power without the support of any land-based air power that carries the day. 在另一地点、另一时间，完全有可能由海军空中力量，在没有任何陆基空中力量支援的情况下赢得胜利，这种想法被胜利的喜悦所淹没。 32. Underlying much of the desire for change, was the feeling of many of the world’s newly independent states that they had never had a part in framing traditional doctrine. 此外，渴望对海洋法进行修改的另一个原因是，世界上许多新独立的国家感到，传统的理论观念是在没有他们参加的情况下制定的。 33. Not only was man now able to see with measured precision independently of visibility, but he could now “see” such objects as aircraft at ranges far in excess of those possible even under ideal optical conditions with normal vision. 人不仅可以不受视线（能见度）的限制而看得很精确，并且可以“看见”诸如远方的飞机等物体，其距离远远超过用正常的视力并借助于最理想的光学仪器所能达到的。 34. This I propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us all as a sacred obligation with a unity hitherto evoked only in time of armed strife. 我愿意提供（承担）这样的领导，保证作为一种神圣的义务，这些更高的目标将对我们所有的人都有约束，从而产生只有战时才能激起的共同责任感。 35. These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption. 这些措施，以及国会根据其经验和依靠其才智所决定的措施，我都将在宪法所赋予我的职权内迅速予以采纳。 36. Slap-slap-slap-slap… Around and around a submariner goes, the soft-soled shoes beating a rhythm on the hard, shiny floor in a Trident submarine. People on shore might grasp the instant irony of a man jogging to prolong his life around weapons capable of destroying two hundred cities. “啪嗒-啪嗒-啪嗒-啪嗒”，一位潜艇艇员一圈又一圈地跑着，软底鞋在三叉戟潜艇坚硬明亮的甲板上有节奏地敲击着。在岸上生活的人们可能立即会发现其中的讽刺意味：一个人围绕着足以摧毁二百座城市的武器慢跑，借以延长自己的生命。 37. Friends who are near to me I know well, because through the months and years they reveal themselves to me in all their phases; but of casual friends I have only an incomplete impression, an impression gained from a handclasp, spoken words. 我了解与我亲近的朋友，因为经过漫长的岁月，他们在多方面向我揭示了他们自己；而对于偶尔相识的朋友，我只有一种不完全的印象——这是一种通过握手和说话而获得的印象。 38. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant-not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and again especially children to make mistakes. 与这一点紧密相关的是能容忍——当然不是容忍错误，而是能宽恕由人性中意志薄弱和不成熟而导致人们尤其是儿童犯错误。 39. According to Newton’s first law of motion a body is in motion but actually never is there a body which remain in motion forever because it is impossible to get rid of external influence. 根据牛一定律，运动的物体会一直运动，但实际上决不会有永远保持运动的物体，因为它不可能摆脱外部作用力的影响。 40. Added to that difficulty is the need for the media, for economic and journalistic reasons, to present a controversial perspective, which is not usually as objective as we might wish. 媒体的需要也增添了难度——出于经济和新闻工作的原因要提出一种有争议的观点，这一观点通常不像我们所希望的那样客观。 41. Only now that I’ve struggled to find patience in myself when Mathew insists he help me paint the house or saw down dead trees in the back yard am I able to see that day through my father’s eyes. 只有现在，当马修坚持要帮我油漆房子，或者锯掉后院的枯树权时，我强压住了自己的性子，在此之后才能用我父亲的眼光去看那一天发生的事。 42. This process, difficult and complex as it is, is simple compared to the job of discovering that new kinds of corn could be developed, or to the job of discovering how to develop them. 这个进程虽然困难而复杂，但是与研究培育玉米新品种和找出育种方法相比，就简单得多了。 43. Among the advantage that future biochips, or “living computers”, would have over conventional semiconductor chips are that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and they allow for the parallel processing of information, making them faster than today’s semiconductor devices. 与普通半导体芯片相比，未来的生物芯片或者“活计算机”具有的一些优点是：它们体积较小，产生的热量少，并能并行处理信息，从而使其速度快于当今的半导体元件。 44. Into this area of industry ca