URDG 758[中英对照]

...URDG758TheURDG758aretheUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees-effective01July2010.ForewordThisrevisionofICC'sUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees(URDG)isthefirstsincetherulesweredevelopedbyICCin1991.Theoriginalrules,URDG458,gainedbroadinternationalacceptanceinrecentyearsfollowingtheirincorporationbytheWorldBankinitsguaranteeformsandtheirendorsementbyUNCITRALandleadingindustryassociations,suchasFIDIC.Thisfirstrevisionoftheruleswasmeticulouslypreparedoveraperiodoftwoandahalfyears,andistheresultofacollectiveeffortbyanumberofICCconstituentgroups.ItwasdevelopedasajointprojectbytwoICCcommissions-theBankingCommissionandtheCommissiononCommercialLawandPractice-thereforetakingintoaccountthelegitimateexpectationsofallrelevantsectors.ICCnationalcommitteescontributedsubstantiallytothefinalproduct:some52nationalcommitteessubmittedseveralhundredpagesofvaluablesuggestionsonsuccessivedrafts,anumberofwhichwereincorporatedintothefinaltext.TheICCTaskForceonGuarantees,whichconsistedof40membersfrom26countries,reviewedthevariousdraftsandaddedtheirownsuggestions.TheURDGDraftingGroup,ablychairedbyDrGeorgesAffaki,metonanumberofoccasions,carefullyreviewedallcommentssubmittedbynationalcommitteesandtheTaskForceanddevelopedthefinaldraft.Thiscollectiveefforthasbornefruit;ithasproducedrulesthatreflectabroadconsensusamongbankers,usersandallmembersoftheguaranteecommunity.Infact,thepresentrevisionoftheURDGdoesnotmerelyupdatetheexistingrules.Itistheresultofanambitiousprojecttocreateanewsetofrulesforthetwenty-firstcenturythatisclearer,morepreciseandmorecomprehensive.Assuch,URDG758isdestinedtobecomethestandardtextfordemandguaranteesworldwide.JeanRozwadowskiSecretaryGeneralInternationalChamberofCommerceJanuary2010IntroductionThenewURDG758succeedURDG458.Over17yearsofpractice(1992-2009),URDG458provedtobebothsuccessfulandreliable.Theywereusedbybanksandbusinessesacrosscontinentsandindustrysectors.URDG458wereendorsedbyinternationalorganizations,multilateralfinancialinstitutions,bankregulators,lawmakersandprofessionalfederations.IncontrasttothefailedUniformRulesforContractGuarantees(URCG325),URDG458reflectedtherealityoftheinternationaldemandguaranteemarketandstruckthemostreasonablebalancebetweentheinterestsofallthepartiesinvolved.BychoosingtoinstructaguarantortoissueademandguaranteesubjecttoURDG,applicantsrenouncedtheirabilitytoobstructpaymentforreasonsderivedfromtheirrelationshipwiththebeneficiary.Inturn,beneficiarieswereexpectedtostateingeneralterms-butnottojustify,establishorprove-thenatureoftheapplicant'sbreachintheperformanceoftheunderlyingrelationship.Finally,becauseademandguaranteeisanindependentundertaking,guarantorswereassuredthattheircommitmentwassubjecttoitsownterms.Theywereinsulatedfromtheperformancecontingenciesoftheunderlyingrelationship.Theirincrementaluse,backedbythesupportofICC,enabledURDG458tomakeacriticalcontributiontowardslevellingtheplayingfieldamongdemandguaranteeissuersandusersregardlessofthelegal,economicorsocialsysteminwhichtheyoperate.Yet,URDG458formedthefirstattemptbyICCtocodifyindependentguaranteepractice.Overtheyears,theapplicationoftheirprovisionsshedlightontheneedfordraftingadjustments,clarifications,expansionofscopeorclearcorrectionsoftheadoptedstandard.ViewsreportedtotheICCTaskForceonGuaranteesfromURDGusersworldwideprovidedthenecessarymaterialtolauncharevisionofURDG458thatboththelapseoftimeandtheevolutionofpracticemadenecessary.Therevisionwaslaunchedin2007andwasconductedundertheaegisofboththeICCBankingCommissionandtheCommissiononCommercialLawandPractice(CLP).TheICCTaskForceonGuarantees,thestandingexpertbodycreatedbyICCin2003tomonitorinternationalguaranteepractice,actedasaconsultativebodytoaDraftingGroupthatproducedfivecomprehensivedraftsduringthetwoandahalfyearrevisionprocess.EachdraftwassubmittedforreviewandcommentstoICCnationalcommittees.Over600setsofcommentswerereceivedfromatotalof52countriesandwerethoroughlyexamined.Thesecommentswereinstrumentalinshapingthenewrules.RegularprogressreportswerepresentedtomeetingsofeachoftheICCcommissionsconsideringtherulesandwerecomprehensivelydebated.Thismethodensuredthattherevisiontakesintoaccountviewsreceivedfromabroadcross-sectorofconcernedparties.TheresultingURDG758wereadoptedbytheICCExecutiveBoardon3December2009,followingendorsementbythemembersofthetwosponsoringcommissions.TheywillcomeintoforceonJuly1,2010.Thenewrulesapplytoanydemandguaranteeorcounter-guaranteewhereincorporatedbyreferenceinthetext.Theycanalsoapplyastradeusageorbyimplicationfromaconsistentcourseofdealingbetweenthepartiestothedemandguaranteeorcounter-guaranteewheresoprovidedbytheapplicablelaw.ThenewURDG758donotmerelyupdateURDG458;theyaretheresultofanambitiousprocessthatseekstobringanewsetofrulesfordemandguaranteesintothe21stcentury,rulesthatareclearer,morepreciseandmorecomprehensive.ClearerURDG.ThenewURDG758aimforclarity.TheyadoptthedraftingstyleofICC'suniversallyacceptedUniformRulesforDocumentaryCredits(UCP600)bybringingtogetherthedefinitionsoftermsinonearticle.Theyalsobringamuchneededclarificationoftheprocessaccordingtowhichapresentationwillbecheckedforconformity.MorepreciseURDG.AnumberofthestandardscontainedinURDG458leftamarginforinterpretationthatvariedaccordingtotheparticularfactsofthecase.Thiswasparticularlytruefortheterms"reasonabletime"and"reasonablecare".ThenewURDGhaveexcludedallimprecisestandardswithanaimtofostercertaintyandpredictability.Examplesaretimedurationsfortheexaminationofademand,theextensionofaguaranteeinthecaseofforcemajeure,andthesuspensionoftheguaranteeinthecaseofanextendorpaydemand.MorecomprehensiveURDG.ImportantpracticeswereleftoutofURDG458.Thiswasparticularlythecasefortheadviceofaguarantee,amendments,standardsforexaminationofpresentations,partial,multipleandincompletedemands,linkageofdocuments,andtransferofguarantees.Inaddition,therewasonlyfragmentarytreatmentofcounter-guarantees.Whatwasunderstandableatthetimeofthefirstattempttocodifydemandguaranteepracticecannolongerbeaccepted17yearslater.ThenewURDG758nowcoverallofthesepracticesandmakeclearthatprovisionsgoverningguaranteesapplyequallytocounter-guarantees.BalancedURDG.ThenewURDG758endorseandbuildonthebalancedapproachthatcharacterizedURDG458.Forexample:-Thebeneficiaryisentitledtopaymentuponpresentationofacomplyingdemandwithouttheneedfortheguarantortoseektheapplicant'sapproval.ThenewURDGalsocorrectanunfairsituationthatwouldhaveleftthebeneficiarywithoutrecoursetotheguaranteeinthecaseofforcemajeureifitsexpirycoincidedwiththeinterruptionoftheguarantor'sbusiness.-Theguarantor'sindependentroleisexpressedinstrongerandclearertermsand,moreimportantly,itisnowexpressedinexclusivelydocumentaryterms.ThenewURDGexpecttheguarantortoactdiligently.Forinstance,aguarantorisexpectedtorejectanon-complyingdemandwithinfivebusinessdaysbysendingarejectionnoticethatlistsallofthediscrepancies;otherwise,theguarantorwillbeprecludedfromclaimingthatthedemandisnon-complyingandwillbecompelledtopay.LargelyacceptedindocumentarycreditpracticeundertheUCP,thepreclusionsanctionisnecessarytodisciplineunfairpracticesthatworktothedetrimentofthebeneficiary.-Theapplicant'srighttobeinformedoftheoccurrenceofthekeystagesinthelifecycleoftheguaranteeisacknowledgedinthenewrules.However,thisinformationshouldnotbeaprerequisiteforpaymentwhenacomplyingdemandispresented.InnovativeURDG.ThenewURDG758featureanumberofinnovationsdictatedbythedevelopmentofpracticeandtheneedtoavoiddisputes.Anexampleisthenewrulethatproposesasubstitutionofcurrencieswhenpaymentinthecurrencyspecifiedintheguaranteebecomesimpossible.Anotherexampleisthenewterminationmechanismforguaranteesthatstateneitheranexpirydatenoranexpiryevent.Thissolutionisexpectedtoreducethenumberofopen-endedguaranteesthatseverelypenalizeapplicantsandareincompatiblewiththebanks'capitalrequirements.TheGuide.Therationale,preparatoryworkandinterpretationofeacharticleofthenewURDG758canbefoundinaseparatelyreleasedGuidetotherules(ICCPublicationNo.702).ThenewURDG758package.Thenewrulesareaccompaniedbyamodelguaranteeandcounter-guaranteeformfeaturedattheendofthispublication.TheyaredestinedtoevolveintoanindispensablecompaniontothenewURDG758andtheirusers.Experienceshowsthatacomprehensiveready-to-usepackagethatcombinesboththerulesandmodelformsismoreattractivetousersthanthepreviouslyseparateICCpublicationsNos.458and503.Itshouldalsobeconducivetomoreharmonizedapractice.IndraftingthenewURDG758modelguaranteeform,aunitaryapproachwaspreferredtoonethatwouldhaveconsistedofmultipleformslinkedtothepurposeofeachguarantee.Tender,performance,advancepayment,retentionmoney,warrantyandothertypesofdemandguaranteessharethesamenatureandhavesimilarfeatures.ThiswasevidencedbythefivenearlyidenticalbasicmodelguaranteeformsinICCpublicationNo.503thataccompaniedURDG458.Ofcourse,URDG758usershavetheoptionofenrichingtheunitarymodelformwithoneormoreoftheclausesproposedattheendofthispublicationsuchasthereductionofamountclauseforadvancepaymentguaranteesorevendraftinganyotherclauseoutright.Afinalmessage:theneedforcleardrafting.Cleardraftingisthelinchpinofasuccessfulinternationaldemandguaranteepractice.Thishasproventobethecaseovertimeandacrossculturesandindustrysectors.UsingthenewURDG758modelguaranteeformlevelstheplayingfieldandavoidsmisunderstandings.Assuch,itwillhopefullysignificantlycurbtheworryingtendencythatafewcourtshaveshowninrecentyearstore-characterizedemandguaranteesasaccessorysuretyships-orthereverse.Whilesometimeswarrantedbytheambiguoustermsusedbytheparties,suchinterferencehasconsiderablydestabilizedtheinternationalguaranteemarketbyaddingaparticularlyprejudicialelementofuncertainty.SucharegrettablesituationcanberemediedbyaconsistentuseofURDG758andtheiraccompanyingmodelforminanytypeofdemandguaranteeorcounter-guaranteeor,indeed,anyotherindependentundertaking.Acknowledgments.IwouldliketoexpressmydeepappreciationtothemembersoftheICCTaskForceonGuarantees*,theICCnationalcommitteesandmembersofboththeBankingCommissionandCLPfortheirguidance,supportandconstructiveparticipationintherevision.TheGuaranteesDepartmentofRZBwasveryhelpfulinprocessingthehundredsofnationalcommentsreceivedthroughouttherevisionprocessandcompilingthemfortheDraftingGroup'sreview.ItwasmyprivilegetochairtheDraftingGroupthatundertooktherevision.ThemembersoftheDraftingGrouparelistedbelowinalphabeticalorder:RogerCarouge(Germany),SirRoyGoode(UnitedKingdom),DrAndreaHauptmann(Austria),GlennRansier(UnitedStates),PradeepTaneja(Bahrain),andFaridehTazhibi(IslamicRepublicofIran).Rarelyhasachairmanbeenblessedwithagroupwhosemembersaresoexperiencedandenthusiasticaboutthesubjectathand,animatedbyteamspirit,complementaryintheirregionalandsectoralexperienceandabletoendurewithadmirablepatiencetheinevitablechallengesofafast-trackrevisionprocess.TheresultisthenewURDG758,whichweproudlyoffertotheworld.Dr.GeorgesAffakiVice-Chair,ICCBankingCommissionBNPParibasJanuary2010目录TOC\o"1-1"\uArticle1ApplicationofURDG本规则的适用范围8Article2Definitions定义8Article3Interpretation解释11Article4Issueandeffectiveness开立和生效12Article5Independenceofguaranteeandcounter-guarantee保函和反担保函的独立性13Article6Documentsv.goods,servicesorperformance单据和货物、服务或者履约行为13Article7Non-documentaryconditions非单据条件13Article8Contentofinstructionsandguarantees指示和保函的内容14Article9Applicationnottakenup拒绝接受申请15Article10Advisingofguaranteeoramendment保函或者保函修改的通知15Article11Amendments修改16Article12Extentofguarantor'sliabilityunderguarantee保函项下担保人责任的范围17Article13Variationofamountofguarantee保函金额的变动17Article14Presentation交单17Article15Requirementsfordemand对索偿要求的要求19Article16Informationaboutdemand关于索偿要求的告知19Article17Partialdemandandmultipledemands;amountofdemands部分索偿要求和多次索偿要求，索偿要求的金额................................20Article18Separatenessofeachdemand每一次索偿要求的独立性21Article19Examination审核21Article20Timeforexaminationofdemand;payment审核索偿要求的时间，付款22Article21Currencyofpayment支付的货币22Article22Transmissionofcopiesofcomplyingdemand相符索偿要求副本的传递23Article23Extendorpay展期或付款23Article24Non-complyingdemand,waiverandnotice非相符索偿要求，放弃决定和通知25Article25Reductionandtermination减额与终止26Article26Forcemajeure不可抗力27Article27Disclaimeroneffectivenessofdocuments关于单据有效性的免责28Article28Disclaimerontransmissionandtranslation关于传递和翻译的免责29Article29Disclaimerforactsofanotherparty关于其他当事方行为的免责29Article30Limitsonexemptionfromliability责任豁免的限度30Article31Indemnityforforeignlawsandusages外国法律和惯例的补偿30Article32Liabilityforcharges关于费用的责任30Article33Transferofguaranteeandassignmentofproceeds保函的转让和款项让渡30Article34Governinglaw管辖法律32Article35Jurisdiction司法管辖权32Article1ApplicationofURDG本规则的适用范围a.TheUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees("URDG")applytoanydemandguaranteeorcounter-guaranteethatexpresslyindicatesitissubjecttothem.Theyarebindingonallpartiestothedemandguaranteeorcounter-guaranteeexceptsofarasthedemandguaranteeorcounter-guaranteemodifiesorexcludesthem.《见索即付保函统一规则》（以下简称“本规则”）适用于任何在其文本中清楚地表示受本规则约束的见索即付保函或者反担保函。除非见索即付保函或者反担保函修改或者排除本规则的条文，否则本规则对见索即付保函或者反担保函的所有当事各方均具有约束力。b.Where,attherequestofacounter-guarantor,ademandguaranteeisissuedsubjecttotheURDG,thecounter-guaranteeshallalsobesubjecttotheURDG,unlessthecounter-guaranteeexcludestheURDG.However,ademandguaranteedoesnotbecomesubjecttotheURDGmerelybecausethecounter-guaranteeissubjecttotheURDG.当按照反担保人的要求，见索即付保函是适用于本规则所开立的，那么反担保函也将同样适用于本规则，除非反担保函排除了本规则。但是，仅仅因为反担保函适用于本规则，并不能说明见索即付保函也同样适用于本规则。c.Where,attherequestorwiththeagreementoftheinstructingparty,ademandguaranteeorcounter-guaranteeisissuedsubjecttotheURDG,theinstructingpartyisdeemedtohaveacceptedtherightsandobligationsexpresslyascribedtoitintheserules.当按照指示方的要求或者同意，见索即付保函或者反担保函是适用于本规则所开立的，那么指示方将被视为已经接受了本规则对其所清楚描述的权利和义务。d.Whereademandguaranteeorcounter-guaranteeissuedonorafter1July2010statesthatitissubjecttotheURDGwithoutstatingwhetherthe1992versionorthe2010revisionistoapplyorindicatingthepublicationnumber,thedemandguaranteeorcounter-guaranteeshallbesubjecttotheURDG2010revision.在2010年7月1日当天或者之后开立的见索即付保函或者反担保函声明其适用于URDG，但是却没有说明是适用于1992年版还是2010年版或者注明出版编号的情况下，该见索即付保函或者反担保函将被认为是适用URDG2010年版的。Article2Definitions定义Intheserules:advisingpartymeansthepartythatadvisestheguaranteeattherequestoftheguarantor;“通知方”，系指按照担保人的要求通知保函的一方；applicantmeansthepartyindicatedintheguaranteeashavingitsobligationundertheunderlyingrelationshipsupportedbytheguarantee.Theapplicantmayormaynotbetheinstructingparty;“申请人”，系指在保函中注明的其所担保的基础关系中承担义务的一方。申请人可能是指示方，也可能不是；applicationmeanstherequestfortheissueoftheguarantee;“申请”，系指开立保函的要求；authenticated,whenappliedtoanelectronicdocument,meansthatthepartytowhomthatdocumentispresentedisabletoverifytheapparentidentityofthesenderandwhetherthedatareceivedhaveremainedcompleteandunaltered;“已证实”，在要求电子单据时，系指收到单据的一方能够核实发送者的身份以及收到的内容是否保持完整和未被变更；beneficiarymeansthepartyinwhosefavouraguaranteeisissued;“受益人”系指享受保函担保收益的一方；businessdaymeansadayonwhichtheplaceofbusinesswhereanactofakindsubjecttotheserulesistobeperformedisregularlyopenfortheperformanceofsuchanact;“营业日”系指在履行本规则所约束行为的地点为了履行该行为而通常开业的一天；chargesmeananycommissions,fees,costsorexpensesduetoanypartyactingunderaguaranteegovernedbytheserules;“费用”系指当事方因为依照本规则约束的保函行事而产生的任何佣金、手续费、成本或者开支；complyingdemandmeansademandthatmeetstherequirementsofacomplyingpresentation;“相符索偿要求”，系指满足相符交单需求的索偿要求；complyingpresentationunderaguaranteemeansapresentationthatisinaccordancewith,first,thetermsandconditionsofthatguarantee,second,theserulessofarasconsistentwiththosetermsandconditionsand,third,intheabsenceofarelevantprovisionintheguaranteeortheserules,internationalstandarddemandguaranteepractice;“相符交单”在保函项下系指：第一，与保函的条款和条件；第二，与本规则的条款和条件；第三，对于保函或者本规则没有规定的有关条件与国际 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 见索即付保函实务相一致的交单；counter-guaranteemeansanysignedundertaking,howevernamedordescribed,thatisgivenbythecounter-guarantortoanotherpartytoprocuretheissuebythatotherpartyofaguaranteeoranothercounter-guarantee,andthatprovidesforpaymentuponthepresentationofacomplyingdemandunderthecounter-guaranteeissuedinfavourofthatparty;“反担保函”，系指任何已签署的承诺，无论其名称或者描述如何，该承诺由反担保人向需要获得其他人开出的保函或者另一反担保函的一方做出的，并且保证根据反担保函规定的受益方相符索偿要求的交单提供付款；counter-guarantormeansthepartyissuingacounter-guarantee,whetherinfavourofaguarantororanothercounter-guarantor,andincludesapartyactingforitsownaccount;“反担保人”，系指不论是为了担保人还是其他反担保人，也包括为了自己而开立反担保函的一方；demandmeansasigneddocumentbythebeneficiarydemandingpaymentunderaguarantee;“索偿要求”，系指受益人签署的用于索要保函项下金额的一份单据；demandguaranteeorguaranteemeansanysignedundertaking,howevernamedordescribed,providingforpaymentonpresentationofacomplyingdemand;“见索即付保函”或者“保函”，系指任何已签署的承诺，无论其名称或者描述如何，该承诺保证根据相符索偿要求的交单提供付款；documentmeansasignedorunsignedrecordofinformation,inpaperorinelectronicform,thatiscapableofbeingreproducedintangibleformbythepersontowhomitispresented.Undertheserules,adocumentincludesademandandasupportingstatement;“单据”，系指一份已签署或者未签署的信息纪录，使用纸质形式或者能够被接收人复制为有形形式的电子格式。本规则中，单据包括索偿要求和支持声明；expirymeanstheexpirydateortheexpiryeventor,ifbotharespecified,theearlierofthetwo;“到期”，系指到期日或者到期事件，如果二者都有，那么系指较早的一个；expirydatemeansthedatespecifiedintheguaranteeonorbeforewhichapresentationmaybemade;“到期日”，系指保函中规定的可以在当天或者之前做出交单的日期；expiryeventmeansaneventwhichunderthetermsoftheguaranteeresultsinitsexpiry,whetherimmediatelyorwithinaspecifiedtimeaftertheeventoccurs,forwhichpurposetheeventisdeemedtooccuronly:“到期事件”，系指保函中规定的导致保函到期的某一事件，不论是立即还是在事件发生之后的特定时间内到期，只有在下列情况下该事件才被视为已发生：a.whenadocumentspecifiedintheguaranteeasindicatingtheoccurrenceoftheeventispresentedtotheguarantor,or当保函规定的注明了事件发生的单据被提交给担保人时，或者b.ifnosuchdocumentisspecifiedintheguarantee,whentheoccurrenceoftheeventbecomesdeterminablefromtheguarantor'sownrecords.如果保函没有规定类似的单据，事件何时发生则根据担保人自己的纪录来确定。guarantee,seedemandguarantee;“保函”，见“见索即付保函”；guarantormeansthepartyissuingaguarantee,andincludesapartyactingforitsownaccount;“担保人”，系指开立保函的一方，亦包括为自己开立保函的一方；guarantor'sownrecordsmeansrecordsoftheguarantorshowingamountscreditedtoordebitedfromaccountsheldwiththeguarantor,providedtherecordofthosecreditsordebitsenablestheguarantortoidentifytheguaranteetowhichtheyrelate;“担保人自己的纪录”，系指担保人对自己持有的账户贷记或者借记金额的纪录，只要这一贷记或者借记的纪录能够让担保人识别与之相关的保函；instructingpartymeanstheparty,otherthanthecounter-guarantor,whogivesinstructionstoissueaguaranteeorcounter-guaranteeandisresponsibleforindemnifyingtheguarantoror,inthecaseofacounter-guarantee,thecounter-guarantor.Theinstructingpartymayormaynotbetheapplicant;“指示方”，系指反担保人之外做出开立保函或者反担保函指示的一方，并且有责任补偿担保人或者反担保人（如果是反担保函）。指示方可能是申请人，也肯能不是。presentationmeansthedeliveryofadocumentunderaguaranteetotheguarantororthedocumentsodelivered.Itincludesapresentationotherthanforademand,forexample,apresentationforthepurposeoftriggeringtheexpiryoftheguaranteeoravariationofitsamount;“交单”，系指向担保人提交保函项下单据的行为或者指按此方式交付的单据。包括提交索偿要求之外的交单，例如，为了出发保函的到期或者保函金额的变化所做的交单；presentermeansapersonwhomakesapresentationasoronbehalfofthebeneficiaryortheapplicant,asthecasemaybe;“交单人”，系指作为或者代表受益人或申请人做出交单的人，根据具体情况而定；signed,whenappliedtoadocument,aguaranteeoracounter-guarantee,meansthatanoriginalofthesameissignedbyoronbehalfofitsissuer,whetherbyanelectronicsignaturethatcanbeauthenticatedbythepartytowhomthatdocument,guaranteeorcounter-guaranteeispresentedorbyhandwriting,facsimilesignature,perforatedsignature,stamp,symbolorothermechanicalmethod;“已签署的”在申请出具单据、保函时，系指在正本（或同于正本的形式）上已经由出具人或者出具人的签字，不论是可以被收到的单据、保函或者反担保函的一方证实的电子签名还是手写、摹样签字、打孔签字、印戳、符号或者其他机械方式；supportingstatementmeansthestatementreferredtoineitherarticle15(a)orarticle15(b);“支持声明”，系指本规则第十五条a款或b款所提及的声明；underlyingrelationshipmeansthecontract,tenderconditionsorotherrelationshipbetweentheapplicantandthebeneficiaryonwhichtheguaranteeisbased.“基础关系”，系指作为保函基础的申请人和受益人之间的 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 、投标条件或者其他关系。Article3Interpretation解释Intheserules:就本规则而言：a.Branchesofaguarantorindifferentcountriesareconsideredtobeseparateentities.担保人在不同国家的分支机构视为不同的实体。b.Exceptwherethecontextotherwiserequires,aguaranteeincludesacounter-guaranteeandanyamendmenttoeither,aguarantorincludesacounter-guarantor,andabeneficiaryincludesthepartyinwhosefavouracounter-guaranteeisissued.除非在文本中另有要求，保函包括反担保函，以及任何与之相关的修改；担保人包括反担保人；受益人包括享受反担保利益的一方。c.Anyrequirementforpresentationofoneormoreoriginalsorcopiesofanelectronicdocumentissatisfiedbythepresentationofoneelectronicdocument.对于任何要求提交一份或多份正本或副本电子单据的要求，提交一份电子单据即满足要求。d.Whenusedwithadateordatestodeterminethestart,endordurationofanyperiod,theterms:当使用日期来确定任何期间的开始、结束或者持续时间时：i."from","to","until","till"and"between",include;and“从（from）”、“至（to）”、“直到……为止（until，till）”和“在……之间（between）”，包括提及的日期；ii."before"and"after"exclude,“在……之间（bef