讲稿NewCollegeEnglish(SecondEdition)ListeningandSpeakingCourse4全新版大学英语(第二版)听说(四)学校:江西农业大学教研室:大学英语第二教研室教学
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财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容
PartBListeningTasksPassageScript:HowOurMemoryWorksHumanbeingshaveamazingmemories.Apartfromallourpersonalmemoriesaboutourownlives,wecanrecallbetween20,000and100,000wordsinourownlanguageaswellaspossiblythousandsmoreinaforeignlanguage.Wehaveallsortsofinformationaboutdifferentsubjectssuchashistory,science,andgeography,andwehavecomplexskillssuchasdrivingacarorplayingamusicalinstrument.Allthesethingsandcountlessothersdependonourmemory.Howwellyourememberthingsdependsonmanydifferentfactors.Firstly,somepeoplenaturallyhavebettermemoriesthanothers,injustthesamewayassomepeoplearetallerthanothers,orhavedifferentcoloreyes.Sometopchessplayers,forexample,canremembereverymoveofeverygamethattheyhaveeverseenorplayed.Secondly,researchshowsthatdifferentthingsarestoredindifferentpartsofthebrain.Ideas,words,andnumbersarestoredintheleft-handside,whiletheright-handsideremembersimages,sounds,andsmells.Inmostpeopleonesideofthebrainismoredevelopedthantheother,andthismayexplainwhysomepeoplecanrememberpeople’sfaceseasily,butcan’tremembertheirnames.Thirdly,weallrememberexciting,frightening,ordramaticeventsmoreeasily.Thisisbecausetheseexperiencesproducechemicalssuchasadrenaline,whichboostyourmemory.Fourthly,thecontextinwhichyoulearnsomethingcanaffecthowwellyourememberit.Textsondivers,forexample,showedthatwhentheylearnedthingsunderwater,theycouldalsorememberthosethingsbestwhentheywereunderwater.Lastly,themoreoftenyourecallamemory,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.Ifyoudon’tuseit,you’llloseit.Atelephonenumberthatyoudialfrequentlywillstayinyourmemoryeasily,butyouwillprobablyhavetowritedownonethatyouuseonlynowandagain.SpeakingTasksPairWorkReflectionsonthetextsHaveyoueverthoughtabouthowimportantyourmemoryis?Andhaveyouevercomplainedthatyouhaveabadmemory?PossibleAnswers(fortheteacher’sreference)Memory,Ithink,isalmostasimportantasair,waterorsunshinetous.Withoutit,lifecannotgoon.Wewouldn’tbeabletodoanythingsincecompletinganytask,howeversimpleitmightbe,requiresustoremembercertainprocedures.Norwouldwebeabletocommunicatewithpeopleaswewouldn’trememberthewordstoexpressourideasorfeelings.Forusstudents,Ithinkmemoryisparticularlyimportant.Ifwelostthefacultyofremembering,wewouldn’tbeabletolearnanythingsincelearningunavoidablyinvolvestheuseofmemory.Andifwecannotremembertheknowledgewehavelearned,howarewegoingtouseitafterwegraduate?Althougheveryoneisbornwiththecapacitytorememberthings,someofushavebettermemoriesthanothers.Therearepeoplewhoaresaidtohaveaphotographicmemoryandcanrememberanythingtheyhaveseenonlyonce.However,thoseofuswhohaveapoormemoryneedn’tpanic,fortherearewaystoimproveourmemory.Payingattention,associatingfactswithimages,visualizingimages,andrelaxingaresomeofthewaysthatIfindespeciallyeffective.Butthegreatsecrettokeepourmemorysharpistouseitasfrequentlyaspossible.PartCTestYourListeningShortConversationsScript:Tomanypeopleadvancingagemeanslosingyourhairandyourmemory.Butisittruethattheolderyouget,thelessyouremember?Actually,inhealthypeoplememorydoesn’tdeteriorateasquicklyasmanyofusthink.Asweage,ourmemorymechanismisn’tbroken,it’sjustdifferent.Thebrain’sprocessingtimeslowsdownovertheyears.Recentresearchsuggeststhatnervecellsloseefficiencyandthatthere’slessactivityinthepartofthebrainthatdecideswhethertostoreinformationornot.Somememoryenhancementexpertssuggestwepayattentiontowhatwewanttoremember.ThengivesomemeaningtoitWerememberthingswhenwefocusonthemwhetherweintendtoornot.Basicorganizationhelpsusremembertheboringstuff.Forexample,ratherthantryingtorecallarandomlistofgroceries,wecandividethemintocategoriessuchasdairy,meat,andproduce.Forimportanttingslikekeysandmoney,wecansetupa“forget-me-not”spotwherewealwayskeepthem.Wecanalsoeattoaidourmemorypower.Wholegrains,fruitsandvegetablesareexcellentsourcesofglucose,thebrain’spreferredfuel.Togetadequaterestisalow-techwaytoimprovememory.Sleepmayallowourbraintimetoencodememories.Interestinfriends,familyandhobbiesdoeswondersforourmemory.Asenseofpassionorpurposehelpsusremember.Memoryrequiresustopayattentiontoourlives,allowingustodiscoverinthemeverythingworthremembering.QuestionsWhichofthefollowingcanwelearnfromthepassage?Whichofthefollowingcanhelpimproveourmemoryaccordingtothepassage?Whatshouldwedotoaidourmemorypoweraccordingtothepassage?