(完整word版)1.计算机基础知识--计算机应用基础统考试题库及答案

soundandfasteconomicandsocialdevelopmentinChina,theparty's17generals,thescientificOutlookondevelopmentintothepartyConstitution.5years,thescientificOutlookondevelopmenthasbeenapractice,learn,practiceandunderstandingofprocesses,theoryevolves,emergingpracticeeffectiveness.PutthescientificOutlookondevelopmentintheparty'sguidingideology,are18oftheparty'smajordecisiontoproclaimtotheworldtheCommunistPartypeople'sfirmdeterminationtotaketheroadofscientificdevelopmentisboundtothescientificdevelopmentthoughtandactionintothewholepartyup,follow-uptothescientificOutlookondevelopmentofChina'ssocialistmodernizationprocessandreflectallaspectsofpartybuildinghaveamajorandfar-reachingimpact.NewConstitutionmasterpartrepresentativeofCPCpeople,insistedtoDengXiao-ping'stheoryandthreearepresentativeimportantthoughtforguide,accordingtonewofdevelopmentrequirements,deepawarenessandansweredhasnewsituationXiaachievedwhatofdevelopment,andhowdevelopment,majorproblem,formedhaspeople,andfullcoordinationsustainabledevelopmentofsciencedevelopmentviews.ThescientificOutlookondevelopment,iswithMarxism-Leninism,MaoZedongthought,DengXiaopingtheory,theimportantthoughtofthethreerepresentsnotonlyonecontinuouslineandkeepingpacewithscientifictheories,istheMarxistdevelopmentOutlookandLawreflectsthelatestachievementofMarxisminChina,andisacrystallizationofcollectivewisdomoftheCommunistPartyofChina,istheguidingideologyofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandmustfollow.Thisprofoundlyexpoundedthescientificdevelopmentviewbackgroundandthescientificconceptofdevelopment.Accordingtothenewrequirementsofthedevelopmentof,andclarifythebackgroundofscientificconceptofdevelopment,thenewrequirementsofthedevelopmentstagesofChina'sdevelopmentinthenewcenturynewdemandsondevelopment.The"people-oriented,comprehensive,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopment"isthebasicconnotationofscientificdevelopment.Emancipatingthemind,seekingtruthfromfacts,advancewiththetimes,pragmatic,isthemostdistinctiveessenceofscientificOutlookondevelopment.ThewholepartymustmoreconsciouslytopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentasthefirstmeaningofthoroughlyimplementthescientificOutlookondevelopment,thoroughlyimplementthescientificOutlookondevelopment-orientedasthecore,comprehensive,balancedandsustainableasabaOutlookondevelopment第1章计算机基础知识(单选题)（其实我所给的这些典型题目就是期末考试题或统考题，因此必做。参考答案在另一个Word文档中（要另外下载））一．关于计算机的诞生与发展1、一般认为，世界上第一台电子数字计算机诞生于___A___。A.1946年B.1952年C.1959年D.1962年[解析]参考p.22、当前的计算机一般被认为是第四代计算机，它所采用的逻辑元件是___C___。（请看解析）集成电路晶体管C.大规模集成电路D.电子管[解析]请记忆：第一代主要元件是电子管，第二、三代分别是晶体管和集成电路（参考p.2和p.3）。计算机经历了四个时代，其划分主要依据是计算机的“构成元件”。3、下列关于世界上第一台电子计算机ENIAC的叙述中，错误的是___D___。A.世界上第一台计算机是1946年在美国诞生的它主要采用电子管作为主要电子器件C.它主要用于军事目的和科学计算，例如弹道计算D.确定使用高级语言进行程序 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 [解析]ENIAC是第一台电子计算机的英文缩写。从第二代计算机才开始引入高级程序语言BASIC和ForTran等，所以D是错的。4、目前，微型计算机中广泛采用的电子元器件是____D__。电子管晶体管C.小规模集成电路D.大规模和超大规模集成电路[解析]略5、早期的计算机体积大、耗电多、速度慢，其主要原因是制约于____D__。A.元材料B.工艺水平C.设计水平D.元器件-----早期的计算机元器件是电子管，其体积大、耗电多。[解析]略二．计算机的分类6、计算机可分为数字计算机、模拟计算机和数模混合计算机，这种分类是依据___B___。（请看解析）nrichandperfectthenewConstitutionnewConstitutionmasterthemostimportantachievementsofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicstheopeningsentenceoftheeighthparagraphasfollows:sincereformandopeninguptherootcauseofalltheachievementsandprogresswehaveachieved,itallboilsdowntois:openuptheSocialistroadwithChinesecharacteristics,formingasystemoftheoriesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,establishesthesystemofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Whilestressingthatallpartymemberstocherish,long-terminsistandcontinuetodevelopthisway,thissystem,thissystem.Amongthem,"establishesthesystemofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics"istherevisionaddedcontent.TheSocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,isthefundamentalpoliticalsystemofthepeople'sCongresssystem,theCPC-ledmulti-partycooperationandpoliticalconsultationsystem,theautonomysystemandgrass-rootlevel,suchasthebasicpoliticalsystem,asocialistlegalsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,publicownershipisdominantanddiverseformsofownershipdevelopthebasiceconomicsystem,andtheestablishmentofthesesystemsonthebasisoftheeconomicsystem,politicalsystem,culture,socialsystemandothersystems.RoadofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,thetheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicssystem,theSocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristicsissocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsofthreeinterrelatedparts.RoadofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisthewaysystemoftheoriesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisaguidetoaction,isthefundamentalguaranteeoftheSocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,whichUnitedinthegreatpracticeofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,thepartyleadingthepeopleinbuildingsocialismthemostdistinctivecharacteristicsoflongpractice.RoadofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,thetheoryofbuildingsocialismwitcharacteristicsasawholecompleterepresentationinthepartyConstitution,andforthewholepartytodeepentheunderstandingofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,comprehensivelygraspthescientificconnotationofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,tofurtherenhancethesystemofroadtheoryofconfidence,confidence,confidence,determinedtopromotethegreatcauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,isofgreatsignificance.(C)toenrichthecontentofreformandopeningupandthenewConstitutionreform...(Four)newConstitutionfullhasChinafeaturesSocialistgenerallayoutofcontentnewConstitutionaccordingtopartyof17bigyilaiadvanceChinafeaturesSocialistcareerofnewpracticenewawareness,onmasterintherelatedpartforhasfullandadjustment,oneconomicconstruction,andpoliticalconstruction,andcultureconstruction,andsocialconstruction4anaturalparagraphfullhascontent,andincreasedwrotesoundandfasteconomicandsocialdevelopmentinChina,theparty's17generals,thescientificOutlookondevelopmentintothepartyConstitution.5years,thescientificOutlookondevelopmenthasbeenapractice,learn,practiceandunderstandingofprocesses,theoryevolves,emergingpracticeeffectiveness.PutthescientificOutlookondevelopmentintheparty'sguidingideology,are18oftheparty'smajordecisiontoproclaimtotheworldtheCommunistPartypeople'sfirmdeterminationtotaketheroadofscientificdevelopmentisboundtothescientificdevelopmentthoughtandactionintothewholepartyup,follow-uptothescientificOutlookondevelopmentofChina'ssocialistmodernizationprocessandreflectallaspectsofpartybuildinghaveamajorandfar-reachingrepresentativeofCPCpeople,insistedtoDengXiao-ping'stheoryandthreearepresentativeimportantthoughtforguide,accordingtonewofdevelopmentrequirements,deepawarenessandansweredhasnewsituationXiaachievedwhatofdevelopment,andhowdevelopment,majorproblem,formedhaspeople,andfullcoordinationsustainabledevelopmentofsciencedevelopmentviews.ThescientificOutlookondevelopment,iswithMarxism-Leninism,MaoZedongthought,DengXiaopingtheory,theimportantthoughtofthethreerepresentsnotonlyonecontinuouslineandkeepingpacewithscientifictheories,istheMarxistdevelopmentOutlookandLawreflectsthelatestachievementofMarxisminChina,andisacrystallizationofcollectivewisdomoftheCommunistPartyofChina,istheguidingideologyofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandmustfollow.Thisprofoundlyexpoundedthescientificdevelopmentviewbackgroundandscientificconnotation,spiritualessenceandthebasithescientificconceptofdevelopment.Accordingtothenewrequirementsofthedevelopmentof,andclarifythebackgroundofscientificconceptofdevelopment,thenewrequirementsofthedevelopmentstagesofChina'sdevelopmentinthenewcenturynewdemandsondevelopment.The"people-oriented,comprehensive,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopment"isthebasicconnotationofscientificdevelopment.Emancipatingthemind,seekingtruthfromfacts,advancewiththetimes,pragmatic,isthemostdistinctiveessenceofscientificOutlookondevelopment.ThewholepartymustmoreconsciouslytopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentasthefirstmeaningofthoroughlyimplementthescientificOutlookondevelopment,thoroughlyimplementthescientificOutlookondevelopment-orientedasthecore,comprehensive,balancedandsustainableasabaOutlookondevelopmentA.功能和用途B.处理数据的方式----有两种：处理数字的和处理模拟数据的（声音属于模拟数据）C.性能和规律D.使用范围[解析]参考p.4。目前学习、办公和生活中使用的计算机属于电子数字计算机，但也有一些场合使用模拟计算机。如果电子计算机按使用范围分类，则可以分为“通用计算机和专用计算机”（参考p.4的解释）。7、电子计算机按规模和处理能力划分，可以分为A.数字电子计算机和模拟电子计算机B.通用计算机和专用计算机___C__。（请看解析）C.巨型计算机、中小型计算机和微型计算机D.科学与过程计算计算机、工业控制计算机和数据计算机[解析]参考p.5。巨型计算机体积大，速度快、存储容量大，而微型计算机相对而言体积小、处理速度、容量均小，我们工作学习中使用的计算机均属于微型计算机，又称为个人计算机即PC(PersonalComputer)机。8、个人计算机简称PC机，这种计算机属于__A___。微型计算机小型计算机超级计算机D.巨型计算机[解析]PC机全称是：PersonalComputer。三．计算机的主要特点9、计算机的主要特点是___C___。A.运算速度快、存储容量大、性能价格比低B.运算速度快、性能价格比低、程序控制C.运算速度快、自动控制、可靠性高D.性能价格比低、功能全、体积小[解析]计算机的性能价格比（即性价比）一般来说是比较高的，参考p.510、以下不属于电子数字计算机特点的是__B____。A.通用性强B.体积庞大C.计算精度高D.运算快速[解析]略11、现代计算机之所以能够自动、连续地进行数据处理，主要是因为___D___。（请看解析）采用了开关电路采用了半导体器件C.采用了二进制D.具有存储程序的功能[解析]参考p.5。“存储程序”可以理解为将编制好的程序先读到计算机内存中存储起来，然后计算机便能自动地连续地执行程序，不需要人为的干预。“存储程序与程序控制”是电子计算机的工作原理。nrichandperfectthenewConstitutionnewConstitutionmasterthemostimportantachievementsofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicstheopeningsentenceoftheeighthparagraphasfollows:sincereformandopeninguptherootcauseofalltheachievementsandprogresswehaveachieved,itallboilsdowntois:openuptheSocialistroadwithChinesecharacteristics,formingasystemoftheoriesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,establishesthesystemofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Whilestressingthatallpartymemberstocherish,long-terminsistandcontinuetodevelopthisway,thissystem,thissystem.Amongthem,"establishesthesystemofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics"istherevisionaddedcontent.TheSocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,isthefundamentalpoliticalsystemofthepeople'sCongresssystem,theCPC-ledmulti-partycooperationandpoliticalconsultationsystem,theautonomysystemandgrass-rootlevel,suchasthebasicpoliticalsystem,asocialistlegalsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,publicownershipisdominantanddiverseformsofownershipdevelopthebasiceconomicsystem,andtheestablishmentofthesesystemsonthebasisoftheeconomicsystem,politicalsystem,culture,socialsystemandothersystems.RoadofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,thetheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicssystem,theSocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristicsissocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsofthreeinterrelatedparts.RoadofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisthewaysystemoftheoriesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisaguidetoaction,isthefundamentalguaranteeoftheSocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,whichUnitedinthegreatpracticeofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,thepartyleadingthepeopleinbuildingsocialismthemostdistinctivecharacteristicsoflongpractice.RoadofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,thetheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicssystem,theSocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristicsasawholecompleterepresentationinthepartyConstitution,andforthewholepartytodeepentheunderstandingofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,comprehensivelygraspthescientificconnotationofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,tofurtherenhancethesystemofroadtheoryofconfidence,confidence,confidence,determinedtopromotethegreatcauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,isofgreatsignificance.(C)toenrichthecontentofreformandopeningupandthenewConstitutionreform...(Four)newConstitutionfullhasChinafeaturesSocialistgenerallayoutofcontentnewConstitutionaccordingtopartyof17bigyilaiadvanceChinafeaturesSocialistcareerofnewpracticenewawareness,onmasterintherelatedpartforhasfullandadjustment,oneconomicconstructon,andpoliticalconstruction,andcultureconstruction,andsocialconstruction4anaturalparagraphfullhascontent,andincreasedwrote2soundandfasteconomicandsocialdevelopmentinChina,theparty's17generals,thescientificOutlookondevelopmentintothepartyConstitution.5years,thescientificOutlookondevelopmenthasbeenapractice,learn,practiceandunderstandingofprocesses,theoryevolves,emergingpracticeeffectiveness.PutthescientificOutlookondevelopmentintheparty'sguidingideology,are18oftheparty'smajordecisiontoproclaimtotheworldtheCommunistPartypeople'sfirmdeterminationtotaketheroadofscientificdevelopmentisboundtothescientificdevelopmentthoughtandactionintothewholepartyup,follow-uptothescientificOutlookondevelopmentofChina'ssocialistmodernizationprocessandreflectallaspectsofpartybuildinghaveamajorandfar-reachingrepresentativeofCPCpeople,insistedtoDengXiao-ping'stheoryandthreearepresentativeimportantthoughtforguide,accordingtonewofdevelopmentrequirements,deepawarenessandansweredhasnewsituationXiaachievedwhatofdevelopment,andhowdevelopment,majorproblem,formedhaspeople,andfullcoordinationsustainabledevelopmentofsciencedevelopmentviews.ThescientificOutlookondevelopment,iswithMarxism-Leninism,MaoZedongthought,DengXiaopingtheory,theimportantthoughtofthethreerepresentsnotonlyonecontinuouslineandkeepingpacewithscientifictheories,istheMarxistdevelopmentOutlookandLawreflectsthelatestachievementofMarxisminChina,andisacrystallizationofcollectivewisdomoftheCommunistPartyofChina,istheguidingideologyofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandmustfollow.Thisprofoundlyexpoundedthescientificdevelopmentviewbackgroundandscientificconnotation,spiritualessenceandthebasicrequirementthescientificconceptofdevelopment.Accordingtothenewrequirementsofthedevelopmentof,andclarifythebackgroundofscientificconceptofdevelopment,thenewrequirementsofthedevelopmentstagesofChina'sdevelopmentinthenewcenturynewdemandsondevelopment.The"people-oriented,comprehensive,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopment"isthebasicconnotationofscientificdevelopment.Emancipatingthemind,seekingtruthfromfacts,advancewiththetimes,pragmatic,isthemostdistinctiveessenceofscientificOutlookondevelopment.ThewholepartymustmoreconsciouslytopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentasthefirstmeaningofthoroughlyimplementthescientificOutlookondevelopment,thoroughlyimplementthescientificOutlookondevelopment-orientedasthecore,comprehensive,balancedandsustainableasOutlookondevelopment12、下列各项中，在计算机主要的特点中尤其最重要的工作特点是A.存储程序与自动控制----对！可以说它是计算机的工作原理B.高速度与高精度C.可靠性与可用性D.有记忆能力[解析]略___A___。13、"使用计算机进行数值运算，可根据需要达到几百万分之一的精确度。机具有____C__。A.自动控制能力B.高速运算的能力C.很高的计算精度D.记忆能力[解析]后续的课程会讲到：计算机精度是很高的，它由计算机的字长（"，该描述说明计算32位或64位）来决定。14、"计算机能够进行逻辑判断并根据判断的结果来选择相应的处理。"，该描述说明计算机具有___B___。自动控制能力逻辑判断能力记忆能力D.高速运算的能力[解析]计算机具有逻辑判断能力，当然其判断能力是通过所编制的软件来实现的。15、计算机的通用性使其可以求解不同的算术和逻辑问题，这主要取决于计算机的__A__。（请看解析）A.可编程性----我们是通过编写程序来求解算术和逻辑问题的。指令系统C.高速运算D.存储功能[解析]计算机之所以通用性强，能应用于各个领域，是因为基于计算机可编写各种各样的程序，计算机将自动地按计算机指令程序完成各项任务。四．计算机的主要用途16、当前计算机的应用领域极为广泛，但其应用最早的领域是___B___。A.数据处理B.科学计算C.人工智能D.过程控制[解析]参考p.617析）A.数据处理B.科学计算C.辅助设计D.过程控制___A___nrichandperfectthenewConstitutionnewConstitutionmasterthemostimportantachievementsofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicstheopeningsentenceoftheeighthparagraphasfollows:sincereformandopeninguptherootcauseofalltheachievementsandprogresswehaveachieved,itallboilsdowntois:openuptheSocialistroadwithChinesecharacteristics,formingasystemoftheoriesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,establishesthesystemofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Whilestressingthatallpartymemberstocherish,long-terminsistandcontinuetodevelopthisway,thissystem,thissystem.Amongthem,"establishesthesystemofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics"istherevisionaddedcontent.TheSocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,isthefundamentalpoliticalsystemofthepeople'sCongresssystem,theCPC-ledmulti-partycooperationandpoliticalconsultationsystem,theautonomysystemandgrass-rootlevel,suchasthebasicpoliticalsystem,asocialistlegalsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,publicownershipisdominantanddiverseformsofownershipdevelopthebasiceconomicsystem,andtheestablishmentofthesesystemsonthebasisoftheeconomicsystem,politicalsystem,culture,socialsystemandothersystems.RoadofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,thetheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicssystem,theSocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristicsissocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsofthreeinterrelatedparts.RoadofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisthewaysystemoftheoriesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisaguidetoaction,isthefundamentalguaranteeoftheSocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,whichUnitedinthegreatpracticeofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,thepartyleadingthepeopleinbuildingsocialismthemostdistinctivecharacteristicsoflongpractice.RoadofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,thetheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicssystem,theSocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristicsasawholecompleterepresentationinthepartyConstitution,andforthewholepartytodeepentheunderstandingofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,comprehensivelygraspthescientificconnotationofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,tofurtherenhancethesystemofroadtheoryofconfidence,confidence,confidence,determinedtopromotethegreatcauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,isofgreatsignificance.(C)toenrichthecontentofreformandopeningupandthenewConstitutionreform...(Four)newConstitutionfullhasChinafeaturesSocialistgenerallayoutofcontentnewConstitutionaccordingtopartyof17bigyilaiadvanceChinafeaturesSocialistcareerofnewpracticenewawareness,onmasterintherelatedpartforhasfullandadjustment,oneconomicconstruction,andpoliticalconstruction,andcultureconstruction,andsocialconstruction4anaturalparagraphfullhascontent,andincreasedwrote3soundandfasteconomicandsocialdevelopmentinChina,theparty's17generals,thescientificOutlookondevelopmentintothepartyConstitution.5years,thescientificOutlookondevelopmenthasbeenapractice,learn,practiceandunderstandingofprocesses,theoryevolves,emergingpracticeeffectiveness.PutthescientificOutlookondevelopmentintheparty'sguidingideology,are18oftheparty'smajordecisiontoproclaimtotheworldtheCommunistPartypeople'sfirmdeterminationtotaketheroadofscientificdevelopmentisboundtothescientificdevelopmentthoughtandactionintothewholepartyup,follow-uptothescientificOutlookondevelopmentofChina'ssocialistmodernizationprocessandreflectallaspectsofpartybuildinghaveamajorandfar-reachingrepresentativeofCPCpeople,insistedtoDengXiao-ping'stheoryandthreearepresentativeimportantthoughtforguide,accordingtonewofdevelopmentrequirements,deepawarenessandansweredhasnewsituationXiaachievedwhatofdevelopment,andhowdevelopment,majorproblem,formedhaspeople,andfullcoordinationsustainabledevelopmentofsciencedevelopmentviews.ThescientificOutlookondevelopment,iswithMarxism-Leninism,MaoZedongthought,DengXiaopingtheory,theimportantthoughtofthethreerepresentsnotonlyonecontinuouslineandkeepingpacewithscientifictheories,istheMarxistdevelopmentOutlookandLawreflectsthelatestachievementofMarxisminChina,andisacrystallizationofcollectivewisdomoftheCommunistPartyofChina,istheguidingideologyofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandmustfollow.Thisprofoundlyexpoundedthescientificdevelopmentviewbackgroundandscientificconnotation,spiritualessenceandthebasithescientificconceptofdevelopment.Accordingtothenewrequirementsofthedevelopmentof,andclarifythebackgroundofscientificconceptofdevelopment,thenewrequirementsofthedevelopmentstagesofChina'sdevelopmentinthenewcenturynewdemandsondevelopment.The"people-oriented,comprehensive,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopment"