SCI科技论文写作常用句型大全修订版

IBMTstandardizationoffice【IBMT5AB-IBMT08-IBMT2C-ZZT18】SCI科技论文写作常用句型大全修订版好的论文题目是成功的一半好的论文，每一个部分都需要精雕细琢。我们先来看看Science,Nature子刊上用的都是些什么题目，到底这些题目暗含哪些玄机？以下是从2016年发表的论文中随机挑选的一些题目，我将其做了一下简单的分类：1.Watersplitting–biosyntheticsystemwithCO2?reductionefficiencies?exceeding?photosynthesis.(Science,2016,352,1210)类似:Scalablewatersplittingonparticulatephotocatalystsheetswithasolar-to-hydrogenenergyconversionefficiency?exceeding?1%?(NatureMaterials2016,15,611-615)这种题目适合哪类文章？适合于那种性能极其显着的文章（可以创纪录的文章），比如说Noceraetal.的?Science,2016,352,1210，直接与光合作用进行对比，给人的震撼是非常强的。这种对比效果能够一下子抓住人们的眼球，吸引着读者进行阅读。要点：使用这样的题目首先你的实验结果得够牛，你对于实验结果要足够自信，对于背景知识的了解得要足够深。因为取这样的题目意味着你要真正达到了某一个高度。如果明明有很多大海在那里，你个小池塘和小水坑进行比较，那么会闹笑话的。。。2.1Quantifying?thepromotionofCucatalystsbyZnOformethanolsynthesis(?Science,2016,352,969-974.)2.2?Exploring?theoriginofhighopticalabsorptioninconjugatedpolymers.(NatureMaterials2016,?DOI:?10.1038/nmat4645?)2.3Promoting?solutionphasedischargeinLi–O2batteriescontainingweaklysolvatingelectrolyte?solutions(NatureMaterials2016,DOI:10.1038/nmat4629)2.4Reconstructing?solute-inducedphasetransformationswithinindividualnanocrystals(NatureMaterials2016,?doi:10.1038/nmat4620)2.5Tailoring?thenatureandstrengthofelectron–phononinteractionsintheSrTiO3(001)2Delectron?liquid(NatureMaterial,2016,doi:10.1038/nmat4623)我简单地检索了下NatureMaterials上面的文章题目，发现这种类型的题目真的非常多。那么为什么大家非常青睐这种形式呢？这种形式到底有什么好处？我个人也很喜欢这种样子的题目，当然一定要跟论文的实际情况吻合哈，不要强凑。这种动名词形式的结构最大的优点是主观能动性很强。给人的一种感觉是：你在设计整个实验，而不是碰巧发现了某个现象。科研需要偶然现象，但是理性地科学研究追求一切能够有据可循，能够主动地把握而不是被动接受奇迹的降临。3.1?Surfacefunctionalization?oftwo-dimensionalmetalchalcogenides?byLewisacid–basechemistry（NatureNanotechnology2016,11,465–471）3.2?Protontransferdynamicscontrol?themechanism?ofO2?reduction?byanon-preciousmetal?electrocatalyst?(NatureMaterials,2016,?doi:10.1038/nmat4636)3.3Femtosecond?controlof?electriccurrents?in?metallicferromagneticheterostructures（NatureNanotechnology2016,11,455–458）3.4?Improvedairstabilityofperovskitesolarcellsviasolution-processedmetaloxidetransportlayers(NatureNanotechnology,2016,11,75–81)这种类型的题目非常的好懂，重点非常突出，给人一种开门见山的感觉，在很多论文中非常恰当。以3.1为例，两个重点非常明确：1.实现的目标是什么？Surfacefunctionalizationof?2.实现的方法是什么？Lewisacid-basechemistry.4.1Insitu?hydrodynamicspectroscopy?forstructurecharacterizationofporousenergystorage?electrodes(NatureMaterials,2016,15,570–575)4.2?Kineticsoftheself-assemblyofnanocrystalsuperlatticesmeasuredby?real-time?insitu?X-ray?scattering?(NatureMaterials,2016,doi:10.1038/nmat4600)4.3Insitu?mapping?oftheenergyflowthroughtheentirephotosyntheticapparatus(NatureNanotechnology,2016,?doi:10.1038/nchem.2525)4.4Optimizedquantumsensingwithasingleelectronspinusing?real-timeadaptivemeasurements?(NatureNanotechnology,2016,11,247–252)有些文章，一幅图就值了一篇Science。有些表征手段或者研究方法生来就是让人膜拜的，特别是一些原位的表征手段，能够直观地告诉人们以前得不到的一些信息。在这种情况下，用它来做个题目一点都不过分吧。最后对以上几类标题的共性做一下简单的 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf ：1)?好的论文题目往往都能够紧贴文章内容，并将其核心亮点突显出来;2)标题中的字真的是一字千金，废话不要有，一定要简洁明了；3)用词要准确，尽量采用中性词，不要带主观色彩，不要扣大帽子引起审稿人反感，但是又要合适地体现亮点，好的论文题目要学会不卑不亢。二．正文中各种常用句型汇总一、在Introduction里面经常会使用到的一个句子：很多文献已经讨论过了。。。它的可能的说法有很多很多，这里列举几种我很久以前搜集的：A.??Solarenergyconversionbyphotoelectrochemicalcells?hasbeenintensivelyinvestigated.?(Nature1991,353,737-740?)B.?Thiswasdemonstratedinanumberofstudiesthatshowedthatcompositeplasmonic-metal/semiconductorphotocatalystsachievedsignificantlyhigherratesinvariousphotocatalyticreactionscomparedwiththeirpuresemiconductorcounterparts.C.?Severalexcellentreviewsdescribing?theseapplicationsareavailable,andwedonotdiscussthesetopicsD.?Muchworksofarhasfocusedon?widebandgapsemiconductorsforwatersplittingforthesakeofchemicalstability.（DOI:10.1038/NMAT3151）E.?RecentdevelopmentsofLewisacidsandwater-solubleorganometalliccatalysts?haveattractedmuchattention.（Chem.Rev.2002,102,3641?3666）F.?Aninterestingapproach?intheuseofzeoliteasawater-tolerantsolidacid?wasdescribedby?Ogawaetal（Chem.Rev.2002,102,3641?3666）G.?Considerableresearcheffortshavebeendevotedtothedirecttransitionmetal-catalyzedconversionofarylhalidestoarylnitriles.(J.Org.Chem.2000,65,7984-7989)H.?Therearemanyexcellentreviewsintheliteraturedealingwiththebasicconceptsof?thephotocatalyticprocessandthereaderisreferredinparticulartothosebyHoffmannandcoworkers,Millsandcoworkers,andKamat.(Metaloxidecatalysis,19,P755)I.NishimiyaandTsutsumi?havereportedon（proposed）theinfluenceoftheSi/Alratioofvariouszeolitesontheacidstrength,whichwereestimatedbycalorimetryusingammonia.(Chem.Rev.2002,102,3641?3666)二、在resultsanddiscussion中经常会用到的：如图所示A.GIXRDpatternsin?Figure1Ashow?thebulkstructuralinformationonas-depositedfilms.?B.?AsshowninFigure7B,?thesteady-statecurrentdensitydecreasesaftercyclingbetween0.35and0.7V,whichisprobablyduetothedissolutionofFeOx.?C.?Ascanbeseenfrom?partsaandbofFigure7,thereactioncyclesstartwiththethermodynamicallymostfavorableVOxstructures（J.Phys.Chem.C2014,118,24950?24958）这与XX能够相互印证：A.?Thisissupportedby?theappearanceintheNi-dopedcompoundsofanultraviolet–visibleabsorptionbandat420–520nm(seeFig.3inset),correspondingtoanenergyrangeofabout2.9to2.3eV.B.?This?isconsistentwiththeobservationfrom?SEM–EDS.(Z.Zouetal./ChemicalPhysicsLetters332(2000)271–277)C.?Thisindicatesagoodagreementbetween?theobservedandcalculatedintensitiesinmonoclinicwithspacegroupP2/cwhentheOatomsareincludedinthemodel.D.Theresults?areingoodconsistentwith?theobservedphotocatalyticactivity...E.Identicalconclusionswereobtainedinstudies?wheretheSPRintensityandwavelengthweremodulatedbymanipulatingthecomposition,shape,orsizeofplasmonicnanostructures.?F.?Itwasalsofoundthatareasofpersistentdivergentsurfaceflow?coincide?with?regionswhereconvectionappearstobeconsistentlysuppressedevenwhenSSTsareabove27.5°C.三.值得注意的是...A.?Itmustalsobementionedthat?therecyclingofaqueousorganicsolventislessdesirablethanthatofpureorganicliquid.B.?Anotherinterestingfindingisthat?zeoliteswith10-memberedringporesshowedhighselectivities(>99%)tocyclohexanol,whereasthosewith12-memberedringpores,suchasmordenite,producedlargeamountsofdicyclohexylether.(Chem.Rev.2002,102,3641?3666)C.?Itshouldbepointedoutthat?thenanometer-scaledistributionofelectrocatalystcentersontheelectrodesurfaceisalsoapredominantfactorforhighORRelectrocatalyticactivity.D.?Notably,?theRuIIandRhIcomplexespossessingthesameBINAPchiralityformantipodalaminoacidsasthepredominantproducts.?(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2002,41:2008–2022)E.Giventhemultitudeofvarioustransformationspublished,?itisnoteworthythat?onlyveryfewdistinct?activation?methodshavebeenidentified.?(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2009,?38,2178-2189)F.Itisimportanttohighlightthat?thesetwodirectingeffectswillleadtodifferentenantiomersoftheproductsevenifboththe“H-bond-catalyst”andthe?catalyst?actingbystericshieldinghavethesameabsolutestereochemistry.(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2009,?38,2178-2189)G.Itisworthwhilementioningthat?thesePPNDscanbeverystableforseveralmonthswithouttheobservationsofanyfloatingorprecipitateddots,whichisattributedtotheelectrostaticrepulsionsbetweenthepositivelychargePPNDsresultinginelectrostericstabilization.(Adv.Mater.,2012,24:2037–2041)四.?...仍然是个挑战A.?Thereistherebyanurgentneedbutitisstillasignificantchallengeto?rationallydesignanddelicatelytailortheelectroactiveMTMOsforadvancedLIBs,ECs,MOBs,andFCs.?（Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2014,53,1488–1504）B.?However,systemsthatare?sufficientlystableandefficientforpracticaluse?havenotyetbeenrealized.C.??It?remains?challenging?to?develophighlyactiveHERcatalystsbasedonmaterialsthataremoreabundantatlowercosts.(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,?2011,?133,?7296–7299)D.?Oneofthe?great?challenges?inthetwenty-firstcentury?is?unquestionablyenergystorage.(NatureMaterials?2005,4,366-377?)五.众所周知A.?Itiswellestablished(accepted)/Itisknowntoall/Itiscommonlyknown?that?manycharacteristicsoffunctionalmaterials,suchascomposition,crystallinephase,structuralandmorphologicalfeatures,andthesur-/interfacepropertiesbetweentheelectrodeandelectrolyte,wouldgreatlyinfluencetheperformanceoftheseuniqueMTMOsinelectrochemicalenergystorage/conversionapplications.（Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2014,53,1488–1504）B.?Itisgenerallyaccepted(believed)that?fora-Fe2O3-basedsensorsthechangeinresistanceismainlycausedbytheadsorptionanddesorptionofgasesonthesurfaceofthesensorstructure.(Adv.Mater.2005,17,582)C.?Asweallknow,?soybeanaboundswithcarbon,?nitrogen?andoxygenelementsowingtotheexistenceofsugar,?proteins?and?lipids.(Chem.Commun.,2012,?48,9367-9369)D.?Thereisnodenyingthat?theirpresencemaymediatespinmomentstoalignparallelwithoutactingalonetoshowd0-FM.(Nanoscale,2013,?5,3918-3930)六.正如下文将提到的...A.?Aswillbedescribedbelow（也可以是Asweshallseebelow）,?astheSi/Alratioincreases,thesurfaceofthezeolitebecomesmorehydrophobicandpossessesstrongeraffinityforethylacetateandthenumberofacidsitesdecreases.（Chem.Rev.2002,102,3641?3666）B.Thisbehavioristobeexpectedand?will?be?further?discussed?below.(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,?1955,?77,3701–3707)C.?Therearealsosomesmalldeviationswithrespecttotheflowdirection,?whichwe?will?discuss?below.?（Science,2001,291,630-633）D.?Below,?we?will?see?whatthisimplies.E.?Completedetailsofthiscase?will?beprovidedata?later?time.E.?很多论文中，也经常直接用seebelow来表示，比如：TheobservationofnanoclusterspheresattheendsofthenanowiresissuggestiveofaVLSgrowthprocess(see?below).(Science,1998,?279,208-211)七.这与XX能够相互印证...A.?Thisissupportedby?theappearanceintheNi-dopedcompoundsofanultraviolet–visibleabsorptionbandat420–520nm(seeFig.3inset),correspondingtoanenergyrangeofabout2.9to2.3eVB.Thisisconsistentwiththeobservationfrom?SEM–EDS.(Chem.Phys.Lett.2000,332,271–277)C.?Identicalconclusionswereobtained?instudieswheretheSPRintensityandwavelengthweremodulatedbymanipulatingthecomposition,shape,orsizeofplasmonicnanostructures.?（Nat.Mater.2011,DOI:10.1038/NMAT3151）D.Inaddition,theshapeofthetitrationcurveversusthePPi/1ratio,?coincidingwiththat?obtainedbyfluorescenttitrationstudies,suggestedthatboth2:1and1:1host-to-guestcomplexesareformed.(J.Am.Chem.Soc.1999,121,9463-9464)E.?Thisunusualluminescencebehavioris?inaccordwith?arecenttheoreticalprediction;MoS2,anindirectbandgapmaterialinitsbulkform,becomesadirectbandgapsemiconductorwhenthinnedtoamonolayer.?(NanoLett.,?2010,?10,1271–1275)3.?我们的研究可能在哪些方面得到应用A.?Our?ndingssuggestthat?theuseofsolarenergyforphotocatalyticwatersplitting?mightprovideaviablesourcefor?‘clean’hydrogenfuel,oncethecatalyticef?ciencyofthesemiconductorsystemhasbeenimprovedbyincreasingitssurfaceareaandsuitablemodi?cationsofthesurfacesites.B.Alongwiththisgreenandcost-effectiveprotocolofsynthesis,?weexpectthat?thesenovelcarbonnanodots?havepotentialapplicationsin?bioimagingandelectrocatalysis.(Chem.Commun.,2012,?48,9367-9369)C.?Thissystemcouldpotentiallybeappliedas?thegainmediumofsolid-stateorganic-basedlasersorasacomponentofhighvaluephotovoltaic(PV)materials,wheredestructivehighenergyUVradiationwouldbeconvertedtousefullowenergyNIRradiation.(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2013,?42,29-43)D.?Sincetheuseof?graphene?mayenhancethephotocatalyticpropertiesofTiO2?underUVandvisible-lightirradiation,?graphene–TiO2?composites?maypotentiallybeusedto?enhancethebactericidalactivity.?(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2012,?41,782-796)E.??ItisthefirstreportthatCQDsarebothamino-functionalizedandhighlyfluorescent,?whichsuggeststheirpromisingapplicationsin?chemicalsensing.(Carbon,2012,?50,?2810–2815)A.However,systemsthataresufficientlystableandefficientforpracticaluse?havenotyetbeenrealized.B.Nevertheless,forconventionalnanostructuredMTMOsasmentionedabove,someproblematicdisadvantagescannotbeoverlooked.（Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2014,53,1488–1504）C.?Therearerelativelyfewstudiesdevotedto?determinationofcmcvaluesforblockcopolymermicelles.(Macromolecules1991,24,1033-1040)D.Thismightbethereasonwhy,despiteofthegreatinfluenceofthepreparationonthecatalyticactivityofgoldcatalysts,?nosystematicstudyconcerning?thesynthesisconditions?hasbeenpublishedyet.?(AppliedCatalysisA:General2002,226,?1–13)E.?Thesepossibilitiesremaintobe?explored.F.??Furthereffortisrequiredto?understandandbettercontroltheparametersdominatingtheparticlesurfacepassivationandresultingpropertiesforcarbondotsofbrighterphotoluminescence.(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,?2006,?128?,7756–7757)A.?Liquidammonia?isparticularlyattractiveas?analternativetowater?dueto?itsstabilityinthepresenceofstrongreducingagentssuchasalkalimetalsthatareusedtoaccessloweroxidationstates.B.?Theuniquenatureof?thecyanideligand?resultsfrom?itsabilitytoactbothasaσdonorandaπacceptorcombinedwithitsnegativechargeandambidentatenature.C.?Qdotsarealsoexcellentprobesfortwo-photonconfocalmicroscopy?because?theyarecharacterizedbyaverylargeabsorptioncrosssection?(Science?2005,?307,538-544).D.?Asaresultof?thereductivestrategyweusedandofthestrongbondingbetweenthesurfaceandthearylgroups,lowresidualcurrents(similartothoseobservedatabareelectrode)wereobtainedoveralargewindowofpotentials,thesameasfortheunmodifiedparentGCelectrode.(J.Am.Chem.Soc.1992,114,5883-5884)E.?ThesmallTafelslopeofthedefect-richMoS2ultrathinnanosheetsisadvantageousforpractical?applications,?since?itwillleadtoafasterincrementofHERratewithincreasingoverpotential.(Adv.Mater.,2013,25:5807–5813)F.Fluorescentcarbon-basedmaterialshavedrawnincreasingattentioninrecentyears?owingto?exceptionaladvantagessuchashighopticalabsorptivity,chemicalstability,biocompatibility,andlowtoxicity.(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2013,52:3953–3957)G.??Onthebasisof?measurementsoftheheatofimmersionofwateronzeolites,Tsutsumietal.claimedthatthesurfaceconsistsofsiloxanebondingsandishydrophobicintheregionoflowAlcontent.(Chem.Rev.2002,102,3641?3666)H.?Nanoparticlespatialdistributionsmighthavealargesignificanceforcatalyststability,?giventhat?metalparticlegrowthisarelevantdeactivationmechanismforcommercialcatalysts.?A.?Theinhibitionofadditionalnucleationduringgrowth,inotherwords,thecompleteseparation?ofnucleationandgrowth,?is?critical(essential,important)?for?thesuccessfulsynthesisofmonodispersenanocrystals.(NatureMaterials?3,891-895(2004))B.??Inthecurrentstudy,?Cys,?homocysteine?(Hcy)and?glutathione?(GSH)werechosenasmodel?thiol?compoundssincethey?playimportant(significant,vital,critical)roles?inmanybiologicalprocessesandmonitoringofthese?thiol?compounds?isofgreatimportancefor?diagnosisofdiseases.(Chem.Commun.,2012,?48,1147-1149)C.?Thisisbecauseaccordingtonucleationtheory,?whatreallymatters?inadditiontothechangeintemperatureΔT?(orsupersaturation)isthecoolingrate.(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2014,?43,2013-2026)A.?Onthecontrary,?mononuclearcomplexes,calledsingle-ionmagnets(SIM),haveshownhysteresisloopsofbutterfly/phononbottlenecktype,withnegligiblecoercivity,andthereforewithmuchshorterrelaxationtimesofmagnetization.(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2014,53:4413–4417)B.?Incontrast,?theDycompoundhassignificantlylargervalueofthetransversalmagneticmomentalreadyinthegroundstate(ca.10?1?μB),thereforeallowingafastQTM.（Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2014,53:4413–4417）C.?Incontrastto?thestructuralsimilarityofthesecomplexes,theirmagneticbehaviorexhibitsstrongdivergence.?(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2014,53:4413–4417)D.?Contraryto?otherconductingpolymersemiconductors,carbonnitrideischemicallyandthermallystableanddoesnotrelyoncomplicateddevicemanufacturing.(Naturematerials,2009,8(1):76-80.)E.?Unlike?thesphericalparticlestheyarederivedfromthatRayleighlight-scatterintheblue,thesenanoprismsexhibitscatteringinthered,whichcouldbeusefulindevelopingmulticolordiagnosticlabelsonthebasisnotonlyofnanoparticlecompositionandsizebutalsoofshape.(Science2001,?294,1901-1903)可供选择的词包括：verify,confirm,elucidate,identify,define,characterize,clarify,establish,ascertain,explain,observe,illuminate,illustrate，demonstrate,show,indicate,exhibit,presented,reveal,display,manifest，suggest,propose,estimate,prove,imply,disclose，report,describe，facilitatetheidentificationof?举例：A.Thesestacksappearasnanorodsinthetwo-dimensionalTEMimages,buttiltingexperiments?confirm?thattheyarenanoprisms.?(Science2001,?294,1901-1903)B.NotethatTEM?shows?thatabout20%ofthenanoprismsaretruncated.?(Science2001,?294,1901-1903)C.Therefore,thesecalculationsnotonlyallowusto?identify?theimportantfeaturesinthespectrumofthenanoprismsbutalsothesubtlerelationbetweenparticleshapeandthefrequencyofthebandsthatmakeuptheirspectra.?(Science2001,?294,1901-1903)D.We?observed?adecreaseinintensityofthecharacteristicsurfaceplasmonbandintheultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)spectroscopyforthesphericalparticlesatλmax?=400nmwithaconcomitantgrowthofthreenewbandsofλmax?=335(weak),470(medium),and670nm(strong),respectively.(Science2001,?294,1901-1903)E.Inthisarticle,wepresentdata?demonstrating?thatopiateandnonopiateanalgesiasystemscanbeselectivelyactivatedbydifferentenvironmentalmanipulationsand?describe?theneuralcircuitryinvolved.(Science1982,216,1185-1192)F.This?suggests?thatthecobaltinCoPhasapartialpositivecharge(δ+),whilethephosphorushasapartialnegativecharge(δ?),?implying?atransferofelectrondensityfromCotoP.?(Angew.Chem.,2014,126:6828–6832)A.Althoughtheseinorganicsubstructurescanexhibitahighdensityoffunctionalgroups,suchasbridgingOHgroups,andthesubstructurescontributesignificantlytotheadsorptionpropertiesofthematerial,?surprisinglylittleattentionhasbeendevotedto?thepost-syntheticfunctionalizationoftheinorganicunitswithinMOFs.(Chem.Eur.J.,2013,19:5533–5536.)B.?Littleisknown,?however,aboutthemicrostructureofthismaterial.(NatureMaterials2013,12,554–561)C.?Sofar,verylittleinformationisavailable,andonlyin?theabsorberfilm,notinthewholeoperationaldevices.（NanoLett.,?2014,?14?(2),pp888–893）D.?Infactitshouldbenotedthatverylittleoptimisationworkhasbeencarriedouton?thesedevices.(Chem.Commun.,2013,?49,7893-7895)E.Byfarthemostarchitectureshavebeenpreparedusingasolutionprocessedperovskitematerial,?yetafewexampleshavebeenreportedthat?haveusedanevaporatedperovskitelayer.(Adv.Mater.,2014,27:1837–1841.)F.WaterbalanceissueshavebeeneffectivelyaddressedinPEMFCtechnologythroughalargebodyofworkencompassingimaging,detailedwatercontentandwaterbalancemeasurements,materialsoptimizationandmodeling,?butveryfewoftheseactivitieshavebeenundertakenfor?anionexchangemembranefuelcells,?primarilyduetolimitedmaterialsavailabilityanddevicelifetime.(J.Polym.Sci.PartB:Polym.Phys.,2013,51:1727–1735)G.However,?noneofthesestudies?testedforTh17memory,arecentlyidentifiedTcellthatspecializesincontrollingextracellularbacterialinfectionsatmucosalsurfaces.(PNAS,2013,?111,787–792)H.However,?uncertaintystillremainsasto?themechanismbywhichLisaltadditionresultsinanextensionofthecathodicreductionlimit.(EnergyEnviron.Sci.,2014,?7,232-250)I.?Therehavebeenanumberofhighprofilecaseswherefailureto?identifythemoststablecrystalformofadrughasledtosevereformulationproblemsinmanufacture.(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2014,?43,2080-2088)J.However,?thesemeasurementssystematicallyunderestimate?theamountoforderedmaterial.(NatureMaterials2013,12,1038–1044)