最新同位语从句讲解精品课件

GrammarAppositive第一页，共45页。同位语是句子成分的一种(yīzhǒnɡ),它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语theAppositive语法(yǔfǎ)精解(一)第二页，共45页。同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)名词Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.(2)代词(dàicí)Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.(3)数词Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.第三页，共45页。(4)从句Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。(5)由suchas,thatis引导Somesubjects,suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.某些学科(xuékē),例如数学和物理,是很难学的。第四页，共45页。(6)由of引导(yǐndǎo)ThecityofBeijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.自从2000年以来,北京市发生了很大的变化。第五页，共45页。(7)由or引导Thefreezingtemperature,orfreezingpoint,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.结冰(jiébīnɡ)温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰(jiébīnɡ)时的温度。第六页，共45页。同位语从句(cónɡjù)theAppositiveclause(1)同位语从句(cónɡjù)的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句(cónɡjù)称为同位语从句(cónɡjù)。同位语从句(cónɡjù)是名词性从句(cónɡjù)的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。　语法(yǔfǎ)精解(二)第七页，共45页。　它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明(shuōmíng)前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词how,when,where,whether等。第八页，共45页。e.g.Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.第九页，共45页。同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词(míngcí)隔开：注意:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.第十页，共45页。⑵同位语从句(cónɡjù)的表现形式:①由that引导Thefactthatyouhaven’tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet.第十一页，共45页。ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.Theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.第十二页，共45页。②由whether引导(yǐndǎo)Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.③由when引导(yǐndǎo)Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.第十三页，共45页。⑶有时可用namely(即),thatistosay(也就是(jiùshì)说),inotherwords(换句话说),thatis(那就是(jiùshì)),forexample等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。第十四页，共45页。Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.AltogetherDollyhadlivedforsixyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.第十五页，共45页。⑷同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个(jǐɡè)方面区别它们:①同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。第十六页，共45页。WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句(cónɡjù))Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.(定语从句(cónɡjù))第十七页，共45页。②同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系,定语(dìngyǔ)从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语(dìngyǔ)、状语等。第十八页，共45页。Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位语从句,news和从句没有逻辑关系)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定语(dìngyǔ)从句,news是told的逻辑宾语)第十九页，共45页。Theorderwhenweshouldgobackhasn’treachedus.(同位语从句,order和从句没有逻辑(luójí)关系)ThedaywhenNewChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.(定语从句,day是founded的逻辑(luójí)状语)第二十页，共45页。③同位语从句(cónɡjù)主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when,where,who,whether等引导;定语从句(cónɡjù)由关系代词或关系副词引导。Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?第二十一页，共45页。④引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导定语从句的关系代词(dàicí)作宾语时常可省略。Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue.Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.第二十二页，共45页。⑤同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整(wánzhěng)句子,谓语动词用be的不同形式。Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.此句可以变为一个表语从句:Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.第二十三页，共45页。练习(liànxí)1.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.ThefactthattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.把下面(xiàmian)两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。第二十四页，共45页。2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina.第二十五页，共45页。3.Teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyChineseparentsholdtheview.ManyChineseparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.第二十六页，共45页。4.Timetravelispossible./Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.Wehavenoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.第二十七页，共45页。5.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople.第二十八页，共45页。1.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.我们(wǒmen)想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句)翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句(cónɡjù)的作用。第二十九页，共45页。2.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowellinhisexam.约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句)3.Whethertheyarecomingornotdon’tmattertoomuch.他们(tāmen)来不来无关紧要。(主语从句)第三十页，共45页。4.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.现在是我们最需要(xūyào)他的时候。(表语从句)5.Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句)第三十一页，共45页。5.Thefactthattheywontheprizemadeushappy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴(gāoxìng)。(同位语从句)第三十二页，共45页。用适当(shìdàng)的连接代词或连接副词填空。1.Ican’tdecide_____bookIshouldbuy.2.Chinaisnolonger____itusedtobe.3.Iamveryinterestedin____heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.4._____weneedismoremoney.5.Thetruth_____theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.whichwhathowWhatthat第三十三页，共45页。1.Oneofthemheldtheview__thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatD.whether单词(dāncí)填空第三十四页，共45页。2.Thereason___hehastogois___hismotherisillinbed.A,why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because3.Theyreceivedorders___theworkbedonerightaway.A.whichB.thatC./D.when第三十五页，共45页。4.Youcantaketheseat____isfree.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inwhich5.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where第三十六页，共45页。6.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation__hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.why7.That’stheonlything___hecandonowA.whichB.allC.thatD.what第三十七页，共45页。8.Informationhasbeenputforward___moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as9.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise___hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether第三十八页，共45页。10.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionsneed____.A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improvingD.when;improving第三十九页，共45页。1.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(2004春季(chūnjì)上海)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether答案B这是一个同位语从句，解释(jiěshì)promise的具体内容，要用that引导。高考(ɡāokǎo)链接第四十页，共45页。2.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionneed____.(2003年上海)A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;tobeimprovedD.when;improving解析：答案为Athat引导(yǐndǎo)同位语从句说明“新问题”的内容。Need后既可接动名词主动式，也可接动词不定式被动式作宾语。第四十一页，共45页。3.There’safeelinginme___we’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever.(2002年上海)A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what解析：答案A同位语从句thatwe’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever作afeeling的同位语，解释afeeling的具体内容。That连接(liánjiē)同位语从句时只起连接(liánjiē)作用，不作从句的任何成分。第四十二页，共45页。4.Informationhasbeenputforward___moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.(2001年上海)A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as解析：答案BThat引导从句(cónɡjù)作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。第四十三页，共45页。5.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo____Icantosavethem.(NMET2000春季(chūnjì)北京)A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever解析：答案A。do后接宾语从句(cónɡjù)，宾语从句(cónɡjù)Ican后省略了do，缺少宾语。Whatever在宾语从句(cónɡjù)中作宾语。第四十四页，共45页。Thankyou.第四十五页，共45页。