2014年6月四级真题第2套

2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthefollowingquestion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutNomorethan180words.Supposeaforeignfriendofyoursiscomingtovisityourcampus,whatisthemostinterestingplaceyouwouldliketotakehim/hertoseeandwhy?PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A.Theycameinfivedifferentcolors.B.Theyweregoodvalueformoney.C.Theywereaverygooddesign.D.Theyweresoldoutveryquickly.2.A.Askherroommatenottospeakloudlyonthephone.B.Askherroommatetomakeherphonecallsoutside.C.Goandfindaquieterplacetoreviewherlessons.D.Reportherproblemtothedormmanagement.3.A.Thewashingmachineistotallybeyondrepair.B.HewillhelpWendyprepareherannualreport.C.Wendyshouldgiveprioritytowritingherreport.D.Thewashingmachineshouldbecheckedannually.4.A.Themanfelldownwhenremovingthepainting.B.Thewallwillbedecoratedwithanewpainting.C.Thewomanlikesthepaintingonthewall.D.Thepaintingisnowbeingreframed.5.A.Itmustbemissing.B.Itwasleftintheroom.C.Themantookittothemarket.D.Sheplaceditonthedressingtable.6.A.Gotoaplay.B.MeetJanet.C.Booksometickets.D.Haveaget-together.7.A.Oneboxofbooksisfoundmissing.B.Someoftheboxesarrivedtoolate.C.Replacementshavetobeordered.D.Someofthebooksaredamaged.8.A.ThemanwillpickupProfessorJohnsonatheroffice.B.ThemandidnotexpectIrispapertobegradedtoosoon.C.ProfessorJohnsonhasgiventhemanaveryhighgrade.D.ProfessorJohnsonwilltalktoeachstudentinheroffice.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A.Tobuyapresentforhisfriendwhoisgettingmarried.B.Tofindoutthecostforacompletesetofcookware.C.Toseewhathecouldaskhisfriendstobuyforhim.D.Tomakeinquiriesaboutthepriceofanelectriccooker.10.A.Toteachhimhowtousethekitchenware.B.Todiscusscookingexperienceswithhim.C.Totellhimhowtopreparedeliciousdishes.D.Torecommendsuitablekitchenwaretohim.11.A.Therearesomanydifferentsortsofknives.B.Cookingdevicesaresuchpracticalpresents.C.Amixercansavesomuchtimeinmakingcakes.D.Saucepansandfryingpansareamustinthekitchen.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A.Somenewproblemsinherwork.B.Cooperationwithaninternationalbank.C.Herchanceforpromotioninthebank.D.Herintentiontoleaveherpresentjob.13.A.TheWorldBank.B.BankofWashington.C.AU.S.financecorporation.D.AninvestmentbankinNewYork.14.A.Supervisingfinancialtransactions.B.Takingchargeofpublicrelations.C.Makingloanstoprivatecompaniesindevelopingcountries.D.OfferingservicetointernationalcompaniesintheUnitedStates.15.A.Itisafirstmajorsteptorealizingthewoman’sdream.B.Itisanhonorforthewomanandherpresentemployer.C.Itisalossforhercurrentcompany.D.Itisreallybeyondhisexpectation.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A.Carryoutathoroughcheckup.B.Trytokeepthegastankfull.C.Keepextragasinreserve.D.Fillupthewatertank.17.A.Attemptingtoleaveyourcartoseekhelp.B.Openingawindowabittoletinfreshair.C.Runningtheengineeverynowandthen.D.Keepingtheheateronforalongtime.18.A.Itexhaustsyouphysically.B.Itmakesyoufallasleepeasily.C.Itcausesyoutolosebodyheat.D.Itconsumestoomuchoxygen.PassageTwoQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A.Theyareverygenerousingivinggifts.B.Theyrefusegiftswhendoingbusiness.C.Theyregardgiftsasatokenoffriendship.D.Theygivegiftsonlyonspecialoccasions.20.A.Theyenjoygivinggiftstootherpeople.B.Theyspendalotoftimechoosinggifts.C.Theyhavetofollowmanyspecificrules.D.Theypayattentiontothequalityofgifts.21.A.Gift-givingplaysanimportantroleinhumanrelationships.B.Wemustbeawareofculturaldifferencesingivinggifts.C.Wemustlearnhowtogivegiftsbeforegoingabroad.D.Readingextensivelymakesoneabettergift-giver.PassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A.ItreflectsAmericanpeople’sviewofFrenchpolitics.B.ItisfirstpublishedinWashingtonandtheninParis.C.ItexplainsAmericanpoliticstotheFrenchpublic.D.ItispopularamongFrenchgovernmentofficials.23.A.Workonhercolumn.B.Dohouseworkathome.C.Entertainherguests.D.Goshoppingdowntown.24.A.Toreporttohernewspaper.B.TorefreshherFrench.C.Tovisitherparents.D.Tomeetherfriends.25.A.ShemightberecalledtoFrance.B.Shemightchangeherprofession.C.ShemightcloseherMondaycolumn.D.Shemightbeassignedtoanewpost.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejusthoard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.AccordingtoAmericanlaw,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heisconsidered26untilthecourtprovesthepersonisguilty.Toarrestaperson,thepolicehavetobereasonablysurethatacrimehasbeen27.Thepolicemustgivethesuspectthereasonswhytheyarearrestinghimandtellhimhisrightsunderthelaw.Thenthepolicetakethesuspecttothepolicestation,wherethenameofthepersonandthe28againsthimareformallylisted.Thenextstepisforthesuspecttogobeforeajudge.Thejudgedecideswhetherthesuspectshouldbekeptinjailor29.Ifthesuspecthasnopreviouscriminalrecordandthejudgefeelsthathewillreturntocourt30runaway,hecangofree.Otherwise,thesuspectmustputupbail(保释金).Atthistime,too,thejudgewill31acourtlawyertodefendthesuspectifhecan’taffordone.Thesuspectreturnstocourtaweekortwolater.Alawyerfromthedistrictattorney’sofficepresentsacaseagainstthesuspect.Theattorneymaypresent32aswellaswitnesses.Thejudgethendecideswhetherthereisenoughreasonto33.TheAmericanjusticesystemisverycomplexandsometimesoperatesslowly.However,everystepis34toprotecttherightsofthepeople.Theseindividualrightsarethe35oftheAmericangovernment.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage:Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thefactis,theworldhasbeenfindinglessoilthanithasbeenusingformorethantwentyyearsnow.Notonlyhasdemandbeen36,buttheoilwehavebeenfindingiscomingfromplacesthatare37toreach.Atthesametime,moreofthisnewly38oilisofthetypethatrequiresagreaterinvestmentto39.Andbecausedemandforthispreciousresourcewillgrow,accordingtosome,byover40percentby2025,fuelingtheworld’seconomic40willtakealotmoreenergyfromeverypossiblesource.Theenergyindustryneedstogetmorefromexistingfieldswhilecontinuingtosearchfornew41.Automakersmustcontinuetoimprovefuelefficiencyandperfecthybrid(混合动力的)vehicles.Technologicalimprovementsareneededsothatwind,solarandhydrogencanbemore42partsoftheenergyequation.Governmentsneedtoformulateenergypoliciesthatpromote43andenvironmentallysounddevelopment.Consumersmustbewillingtopayforsomeofthesesolutions,whilepracticingconservationeffortsoftheirown.Inactionisnotan44.Solet’sworktogethertobalancethisequation.Wearetakingsomeofthe45neededtogetstarted,butweneedyourhelptogotherestoftheway. A)consequentlyB)cultivateC)decliningD)derivedE)difficultF)discoveredG)economicallyH)exception I)feasibleJ)growthK)OptionL)refineM)reservesN)soaringO)stepsSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ICry,ThereforeIAm[A]In2008,ataGermanzoo,agorilla(大猩猩)namedGanagavebirthtoamaleinfant,whodiedafterthreemonths.PhotographsofGana,lookingstrickenandinconsolable(伤心欲绝的),attractedcrowdstothezoo.Sadasthescenewas,thehumans,notGana,weretheonlyonescrying.Thenotionthatanimalscanweephasnoscientificbasis.YearsofobservationsbybiologistsDianFossey,whoobservedgorillas,andJaneGoodall,whoworkedwithchimpanzees(黑猩猩),couldnotprovethatanimalscrytearsfromemotion.[B]It’struethatmanyanimalsshedtears,especiallyinresponsetopain.Tearsprotecttheeyebykeepingitmoist.Butcryingasanexpressionoffeelingisuniquetohumansandhasplayedanessentialroleinhumanevolutionandthedevelopmentofhumancultures.[C]Withintwodaysaninfantcanimitatesadandhappyfaces.Ifaninfantdoesnotcryout,itisunlikelytogettheattentionitneedstosurvive.Around34months,therelationshipbetweenthehumaninfantanditsenvironmenttakesonamoreorganizedcommunicativerole,andtearfulcryingbeginstoserveinterpersonalpurposes:thesearchforcomfortandpacification(抚慰).Aswegetolder,cryingbecomesatoolofsocialinteraction:griefandjoy,shameandpride,fearandmanipulation.[D]Tearsareasuniversalaslaughter,andgriefismorecomplexthanjoy.Butalthoughweallcry,wedosoindifferentways.Womencrymorefrequentlyandintenselythanmen,especiallywhenexposedtoemotionalevents.Likecrying,depressionis,aroundtheworld,morecommonlyseeninwomenthaninmen.Oneexplanationmightbethatwomen,whodespitedecadesofsocialadvancesstillsufferfromeconomicinequality,discrimination(歧视)andevenviolence,mighthavemoretocryabout.Mennotonlycryforshorterperiodsthanwomen,buttheyalsoarelessinclinedtoexplaintheirtears,usuallyshedthemmorequietly,andtendmorefrequentlytoapologizewhentheycryopenly.Men,likewomen,reportcryingatthedeathofalovedoneandinresponsetoamovingreligionsexperience.Theyaremorelikelythanwomentocrywhentheircoreidentities—asprovidersandprotectors,asfathersandfighters—arequestioned.[E]Peoplewhoscoreonpersonalitytestsasmoresympatheticcrymorethanthosewhoaremorerigidorhavemoreself-control.Frequencyofcryingvarieswidely:someshedtearsatanynovelormovie,othersonlyahandfuloftimesintheirlives.Cryinginresponsetostressandconflictinthehome,orafteremotionaltrauma(创伤),lastsmuchlongerthantearsinducedbyeverydaysadness—whichinturnlastlongerthantearsofdelightandjoy.[F]Sadnessisourprimaryassociationwithcrying,butthefactisthatpeoplereportfeelinghappieraftercrying.Surveysestimatethat85%ofwomenand73%ofmenreportfeelingbetteraftersheddingtears.Surprisingly,cryingismorecommonlyassociatedwithminorformsofdepressionthanwithmajordepressioninvolvingsuicidalthoughts.[G]Peoplewidelyreportthatcryingrelievestension,restoresemotionalbalanceandprovides“catharsis”,awashingoutofbadfeelings.Theterm“catharsis”hasreligiousimplicationsofremovingevilandsin;it’snosurprisethatreligiousceremoniesare,aroundtheworld,oneofthemainsettingsforthereleaseoftears.[H]Cryingisanearlyuniversalsignofgrief,thoughsomemournersreportthat,despitegenuinesorrow,theycannotshedtears—sometimesevenforyearsaftertheirlovedonehasgone.Unliketoday,whentheprivacyofgriefismorerespected,thepublicorceremonialsheddingoftears,atthegravesideofaspouseorthefuneralofakingorqueen,wasonceconsideredsociallyorevenpoliticallyessential.[I]Cryinghasalsoservedothersocialpurposes.RousseauwroteinhisConfessionsthatwhileheconsideredtearsthemostpowerfulexpressionoflove,healsojustlikedtocryovernothing.[J]Theassociationoftearswitharthasancientroots.TheclassicGreektragediesofthefifthcenturyB.C.wereprimarilycelebrationsofgods.Tragedies,likepoetryandmusic,werestagedreligionsevents.Eventhenitwasrecognizedthatcryinginresponsetodramabroughtpleasure.[K]Ihavearguedthatthereareneurobiological(神经生物方面的)associationslinkingtheartsandmooddisorders.WhenIlectureoncrying,Iaskmyaudiencetoletmeknow,byashowofhands,whichartformsmostmovethemtotears.About80%saymusic,followedcloselybynovels(74%),butthenthefiguresfallsharply,to43%,forpoetry,and10-22%forpaintings,sculptureandarchitecture.[L]Thephysicalactofcryingismainlyoneofbreathinginair,whichiswhywechokeupwhenweweep.Thissuggeststolanguagescientiststhatemotionalcryingevolvedbeforelanguage,perhapsexplainingwhytearscommunicatestatesofmindandfeelingsthatareoftensodifficulttoexpressinwords.Ofcourse,fromanevolutionaryperspective,recognitionofemotion(usuallythroughfacialgesture)wasessentialforsurvival.[M]Theearliesthumansarrivedseveralmillionyearsago,butonly150,000to200,000yearsago,didcultures,language,religionandtheartsarise.Alongtheway,tearsbecamemorethanabiologicalnecessitytolubricate(润滑)theeyeanddevelopedintoasignofintenseemotionandasignalofsocialbonding.Thedevelopmentofself-consciousnessandthenotionofindividualidentity,orego;storytellingabouttheoriginsoftheworld,thecreationofhumanityandlifeafterdeath;andtheabilitytofeelothers’sadness—allwerecriticalpartsoftheneurobiologicalchangesthatmadeushuman[N]Morerecently,we’velearnedfromneurosciencethatcertainbraincircuits(回路)areactivated(激活),rapidlyandunconsciously,whenweseeanotherinemotionaldistress.Inshort,ourbrainevolvedcircuitstoallowustoexperiencesympathy,whichinturnmadecivilization,andanethicsbasedonsympathy,possible.Sothenexttimeyoureachatissuebox,orsobonafriend’sshoulder,orshedtearsatthemovies,stopandreflectonwhywecryandwhatitmeanstocry.Becanseultimately,whilewelovetocry,wealsocrytolove.46.Nowadayspeoplerespecttheprivacyofgriefmorethaninthepast.47.Infantscrytoattractattentionforsurvival.48.Thereisnoscientificevidenceasyetthatanimalscanshedtearsfromemotion.49.Tearscanperformcertaincommunicativefunctionswhichwordscannot.50.Ourabilitytoexperiencesympathyisessentialtothedevelopmentofcivilization.51.Peoplearemoreinclinedtocrywhensufferingminorformsofdepression.52.Sometimespeoplecannotcrydespitegenuinegrief.53.Inhumans’longhistory,tearshavedevelopedanessentialroleinsocialrelationships.54.Menarelesslikelytogivereasonsfortheirtears.55.Cryinghaslongbeenassociatedwithart.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonfollowingpassage.Hospitals,hopingtocurbmedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationandcasestudies.Butlikemanycures,thissolutionhascomewithanunintendedsideeffect:doctorsandnursescanbefocusedonthescreenandnotthepatient,evenduringmomentsofcriticalcare.Apollshowedthathalfofmedicaltechnicianshadadmittedtextingduringaprocedure.Thisphenomenonhassetoffanintensifyingdiscussionathospitalsandmedicalschoolsaboutaproblemperhapsbestdescribedas“distracteddoctoring.”Inresponse,somehospitalshavebegunlimitingtheuseofelectronicdevicesincriticalsettings,whileschoolshavestartedremindingmedicalstudentstofocusonpatientsinsteadofdevices.“Youjustifycarryingdevicesaroundthehospitaltodomedicalrecords,butyoucansurftheInternetordoFacebook,andsometimesFacebookismoretempting,”saidDr.PeterPapadakosattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter.“Mygutfeeling(本能的感觉)islivesareindanger,”saidDr.Papadakos.“We’renoteducatingpeopleabouttheproblem,andit’sgettingworse.”Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypassmachinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery.Halfsaidtheyhadtextedwhileinsurgery.Thestudyconcluded,“Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous.”Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingissimplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.Thepressurestemsfromamantra(信条)ofmodemmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe“datadriven,”andinformedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology“offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare.”butheaddedthatdoctors’firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.56.Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?A.Toreducemedicalerror.B.Tocopewithemergencies.C.Tofacilitateadministration.D.Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.57.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby“distracteddoctoring”?A.Thedisservicedonebymodemdevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.B.Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmodemdevices.C.Theproblemofdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients.D.Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking.58.WhatdoesDr.PeterPapadakosworryabout?A.Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtousemodemtechnology.B.Doctor’sinteractionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients’lives.C.Doctorsarerelyingtooheavilyonmodemelectronictechnology.D.Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming.59.Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretousemodemdevices?A.Patientstrustdoctorswhousemoderntechnology.B.Useofmodemdevicesaddstohospitals’revenues.C.Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcare.D.Patients’datahastoberevisedfromtimetotime.60.WhatisPeterCarmel’sadvicetodoctors?A.Theyfollowcloselytheadvancesinmedicalscience.B.Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatient’scondition.C.Theyobservehospitalrulesandregulations.D.Theymakethebestuseofmodemdevices.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ihavecloselywatchedmygeneration,knownasTheMillennials,for29yearsnow.JoelSteinwroteanextensivepieceonMillennialsandheremainsratheroptimisticaboutourpotential.Ihesitatetosharehisoptimismbecauseofaparadox(矛盾的现象)weseemtoexhibit,namely,thattherearemoreavenuesforustoentertainourselvesthaneverbefore,yetwearemoreboredthaneverbefore.Entertainmenthasneverbeenmorevaried.Wehavemorecablechannels,televisionshows,andmoviesthaneverbefore.Internetprovidersallowinstantviewingofalmostanymovieortelevisionprogramevercreated.SocialdrinkingandpartyingarealsowidelyavailableforMillennials.Everygenerationdevelopsthesehabitsatacertainage,butMillennialsseemtobeextendingthisphaseoflifeastheypostponemarriage.SomeofthisisundoubtedlyduetoTheGreatRecession.Millennialsarehavingadifficulttimefindingjobs;only47percentof16-to-24-year-oldsareemployed,thesmallestsharesincegovernmentstartedrecordingdatain1948.ButdoMillennialsrespondtotheseeconomictroublesbydoingwhateverittakestomakeendsmeet?Hardly.Infact,ofthefourgenerationsPewResearchhasdatafor,theMillennialgenerationdoesnotciteworkethic(勤奋工作)asdistinctiveofitself.Millennialswanttosavetheworld,buttheysitandwaitforthatworld-changingopportunitytobehandedtothem.Insteadofworking2-3jobs,launchingabusiness,ordoingwhatittakestosucceed,theyretreat.Millennialsmaybethefirstgenerationtohavealowerstandardoflivingthantheirparents,butwiththisresponsetoadversity(逆境),perhapsdeservinglyso.Muchinkhasbeenspilledinmanagementbooksdiscussinghowtogetthemostoutoftheseyouthsintheworkplace.Largely,theycometothesameconclusion:Millennialsareentitled,over-confident,andexpecttoomuchtooquickly.Weshouldnotbesurprised.Today’syoungadultswereraisedbyparentswhomadesuretoboosttheirself-esteemateveryturn,tellingthemtheycouldachievewhatevertheysettheirmindsto,andhandingoutprizesforthesixthplace.61.WhatdoestheauthorofthepassagethinkofMillennials?A.Theyshowlittleinterestinentertainment.B.Theyarenotconfidentabouttheirability.C.Theyenjoyaneasylifeduetohightechnology.D.Theymaynothavebrightprospectsforsuccess.62.HowdoMillennialsfeelabouttheirlife?A.Theycanhardlydoanythingaboutit.B.Thereislittleinittogetexcitedabout.C.Itisnotasgoodastheirparents’.D.Itisfullofopportunitiesforsuccess.63.InwhatwayareMillennialsdifferentfrompreviousgenerationsaccordingtoPewRes