SAT基础阅读讲义1

SAT基础阅读讲义1SAT基础阅读讲义1PAGEPAGE\*MERGEFORMAT86SAT基础阅读讲义1SAT基础班阅读讲义目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\z\uHYPERLINK\l"_Toc1"1.考试介绍和课程体系PAGEREF_Toc1\h4HYPERLINK\l"_Toc2"阅读 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 ：各种角度PAGEREF_Toc2\h4HYPERLINK\l"_Toc3"资料页：SAT考试信息、阅读关键词PAGEREF_Toc3\h9HYPERLINK\l"_Toc4"工具推荐PAGEREF_Toc4\h16HYPERLINK\l"_Toc5"参考文献PAGEREF_Toc5\h17HYPERLINK\l"_Toc6"笔记页PAGEREF_Toc6\h17HYPERLINK\l"_Toc7"2.文体、题材、主旨、结构PAGEREF_Toc7\h19HYPERLINK\l"_Toc8"阅读材料：文体、题材、主旨、结构、方向词、长句分解1PAGEREF_Toc8\h19HYPERLINK\l"_Toc9"资料页PAGEREF_Toc9\h25HYPERLINK\l"_Toc0"参考文献PAGEREF_Toc0\h26HYPERLINK\l"_Toc1"笔记页PAGEREF_Toc1\h26HYPERLINK\l"_Toc2"3.阅读中的词汇，词汇中的阅读PAGEREF_Toc2\h28HYPERLINK\l"_Toc3"阅读材料：词汇题、长句分解2PAGEREF_Toc3\h28HYPERLINK\l"_Toc4"资料页PAGEREF_Toc4\h34HYPERLINK\l"_Toc5"参考文献PAGEREF_Toc5\h34HYPERLINK\l"_Toc6"笔记页PAGEREF_Toc6\h34HYPERLINK\l"_Toc7"4.推理问题PAGEREF_Toc7\h36HYPERLINK\l"_Toc8"阅读材料：推理PAGEREF_Toc8\h36HYPERLINK\l"_Toc9"资料页PAGEREF_Toc9\h43HYPERLINK\l"_Toc0"参考文献PAGEREF_Toc0\h43HYPERLINK\l"_Toc1"笔记页PAGEREF_Toc1\h44HYPERLINK\l"_Toc2"5.写法和态度PAGEREF_Toc2\h47HYPERLINK\l"_Toc3"阅读材料：写法、态度PAGEREF_Toc3\h47HYPERLINK\l"_Toc4"资料页PAGEREF_Toc4\h53HYPERLINK\l"_Toc5"参考文献PAGEREF_Toc5\h56HYPERLINK\l"_Toc6"笔记页PAGEREF_Toc6\h56HYPERLINK\l"_Toc7"6.作用问题PAGEREF_Toc7\h59HYPERLINK\l"_Toc8"阅读材料：作用、长句分解3PAGEREF_Toc8\h59HYPERLINK\l"_Toc9"资料页PAGEREF_Toc9\h66HYPERLINK\l"_Toc0"参考文献PAGEREF_Toc0\h66HYPERLINK\l"_Toc1"笔记页PAGEREF_Toc1\h66HYPERLINK\l"_Toc2"7.虚拟问题PAGEREF_Toc2\h68HYPERLINK\l"_Toc3"阅读材料：虚拟、长句分解4PAGEREF_Toc3\h68HYPERLINK\l"_Toc4"资料页PAGEREF_Toc4\h75HYPERLINK\l"_Toc5"参考文献PAGEREF_Toc5\h75HYPERLINK\l"_Toc6"笔记页PAGEREF_Toc6\h75HYPERLINK\l"_Toc7"8.比较阅读PAGEREF_Toc7\h77HYPERLINK\l"_Toc8"阅读材料：比较题、排除题PAGEREF_Toc8\h77HYPERLINK\l"_Toc9"资料页PAGEREF_Toc9\h82HYPERLINK\l"_Toc0"参考文献PAGEREF_Toc0\h83HYPERLINK\l"_Toc1"笔记页PAGEREF_Toc1\h831.考试介绍和课程体系阅读材料：各种角度SAMPLE1.(0601-21-12)选项难于文章Inline27,“poor”mostnearlymeans(A)pitiable(B)indigent(C)inferior(D)humble(E)pettySAMPLE2.(OG-736-8)推理8.Incontext,theword“hailing”(line7)mostnearlymeans(A)pouringdownon(B)audiblygreeting(C)summoning(D)operating(E)praising原文：Invariably,thenoticewouldbeaccompaniedbyaneditorialcommenthailingthemeetingandexpressingtheeditor’shopethatit“willhaveapowerfuleffectonthepublic’smind(A)倾泻(B)口头招呼(C)召唤(D)操作(E)赞美原文翻译：这个通告总是伴随着一个社论，赞美该会议并表达编辑对它的期待，期待“将会对公众思想产生重大影响”。expressinghope说明是正面态度B、Egreet人教版初中词汇，新概念第三册.”SAMPLE3.(OG-93-21)作者=一切答案出自原文21.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“sticklikeshapeofdesertplants”(line41-42)canbeattributedtothe(A)植物不能向周围的空气散热(B)沙漠中存在的不规则的季节差异(C)植物必须向太阳暴露很大的表面积(D)没有能够吹倒又高又细的植物的强风(E)产地极端的高热和干旱(A)inabilityoftheplantstoradiateheattotheairaroundthem(B)presenceofirregularseasonaldifferencesinthedesert(C)largesurfaceareatheplantsmustexposetotheSun(D)absenceofwindsstrongenoughtoknockdowntall,thinplants(E)extremeheatandaridityofthehabitat原文：AdesertplantfacestheoppositeproblemfromthatofanArcticplant-thedangerofoverheating.Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating.Thefamiliarsticklikeshapeofdesertplantsrepresentsoneofthesolutionstothisproblem:theshapeexposesthesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiationandprovidesthelargestpossiblesurfacefromwhichtheplantcanradiateheat.审题attributeto原因沙漠植物遇到的问题和极地植物恰恰相反——过热带来的危险。因为缺水，它不能既蒸发散热又不脱水。人们熟悉的沙漠植物的棍状形状为以下问题提供了一个解决 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 ：这种形状暴露尽量小的表面积接受太阳辐射，而提供尽量大的表面积来散热。SAMPLE4.阅读流程：带着问题看文章羊历3513年，青青草原上，羊羊族群已经十分兴旺发达。在羊羊一族里面已经有小镇，有学校，有超市，有美容院，所有羊羊族群的羊都幸福快乐地生活。可是，在对岸的森林里，灰太狼带着他的妻子红太狼却对着一群群的肥羊咽着口水，红太狼看到了羊群，知道丈夫带她离开狼群是对的，问题是灰太狼什么时候到对岸去把肥羊抓回来，让她一尝羊肉大餐。SAMPLE5.阅读流程：解题过程Thefirstandrelativelysimplequestioniswhetherthevelvetmonkey’sthreetypesofalarmcallsconveytoothermonkeysinformationaboutthetypeofpredator.Suchinformationisimportant,becausetheanimal’sdefensivetacticsaredifferentinthethreecases.Whenaleopardapproaches,themonkeysclimbintotrees.Butleopardsaregoodclimbers,sothemonkeyscanescapethemonlybyclimbingoutontothesmallestbraches,whicharetooweaktosupportaleopard.Whenthemonkeysseeamartialeagle,theymoveintothickvegetationclosetoatreetrunkoratgroundlevel.Thus,thetacticsthathelpescapefromaleopardmakethemhighlyvulnerabletoamartialeagleandviceversa.Inresponsetothethreatofalargesnake,theystandontheirhindlegsandlookaroundtolocatethesnake,thensimplymoveawayfromit,eitheralongthegroundorbyclimbingintoatree.头一个相关的简单问题是：绒猴的三种惊叫声是否向其他猴子传递了捕食者种类的信息。这个信息是很重要的，因为动物的防御策略在三种情况下各不相同。当猎豹靠近时，猴子们爬到树上。但是猎豹很会爬树，所以猴子们只能爬到最细的树枝上才能躲开它们，最细的树枝撑不住猎豹。当猴子们看到一只猎鹰时，它们转移到树干附近或者靠近地面的茂密植被里边。因此，躲避猎豹的策略会让它们在猎鹰面前非常容易受到伤害，反之亦然。应对一只大蛇的时候，它们会用后腿站立，环顾四周确定蛇的位置，然后简单地逃开，要么沿着地面，要么爬到树上。Inlines4-8(“Whenaleopard…level”),theauthorjuxtaposedtwokindsofbehaviorinorderto______SAMPLE6:(0601-21)文体-记叙Thefollowingpassageisanexcerptfroma1909novel.Georgia,themaincharacter,isareporterinanotherwiseall-malenewsroom.Georgiawastobemarried.…SAMPLE7:(0910-43)文体-议论Thispassagewaswrittenin1971byawomanwhoisaprofessorofarthistory.Thequestion“Whyhavetherebeennogreatwomenartists?”issimplythetipofanicebergofmisinterpretationandmisconception.…SAMPLE8:(0901-15)题材-自然Thepassagebelowisadaptedfromabookpublishedin1990.Thescientificmethodisthesystematicpursuitofknowledgeinvolvingtheidentificationofaproblem,thecollectionofrelevantdatathroughobservationandexperimentation,andtheformulationandtestingofhypothesesthataimtosolvetheproblem科学方法就是对知识的系统追寻，包括认定问题，通过观察和实验收集资料，以及将旨在解决这个问题的那些假设公式化并进行验证。.SAMPLE9:(0901-43)题材-历史、艺术Thesepassagesareexcerptsfromtwodifferenthistoriesofrock-and-rollmusicintheUnitedStates.Bothpassageswerewritteninthe1980s这两篇文章选自两部不同的的美国摇滚乐史。两篇文章都写于1980年代。.SAMPLE10:(0910-14)题材-艺术SomecriticsbelievethatthefrequentuseofrepetitioninNativeAmericanceremonialtextswasaresultoftheiroralnatureandhelpedmaketheworkseasytoremember一些批评家相信美洲原住民仪式文本中频繁使用的重复源自于他们的的口传性质，重复使得作品易于记忆。.SAMPLE11:(0905-21)题材-小说ThispassageisadaptedfromanovelaboutanarchaeologistonadigintheYucatanPeninsula.“Idigthroughancienttrash,”Itoldtheelegantlygroomedyoungwomanwhohadbeensentbyapopularmagazinetowriteashortarticleonmywork本文选自一部小说，一部关于在尤卡塔半岛进行挖掘工作的考古学家的小说。“我挖穿古代的垃圾”，我告诉那个由一家流行杂志派来的要为我的工作写篇短文的打扮得很优雅的女士。.SAMPLE12:(G9610)文章结构P1.WhetherthelanguagesoftheancientAmericanpeopleswereusedfor　　expressingabstractuniversalconceptscanbeclearlyansweredinthecaseofNahuatl.…p2.Thetlamatinime("thosewhoknow")wereabletousethisrichstockofabstracttermstoexpressthenuancesoftheirthoughtP1古代美洲民族的语言是否用来表达抽象的普遍的概念，这个问题可以由Nahuatl的案例清楚地回答。P2tlamatinime（“知道的人”）能够用这一堆抽象的属于来表示他们想法的细微差别………SAMPLE13:(G9402)段落结构Analyzingthephysicsofdancecanaddfundamentallytoadancer'sskill.Althoughdancersseldomseethemselvestotallyinphysicalterms-asbodymassmovingthroughspaceundertheinfluenceofwell-knownforcesandobeyingphysicallaws-neithercantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Forexample,nomatterhowmuchadancerwishestoleapoffthefloorandthenstartturning,thelawofconservationofangularmomentumabsolutelypreventssuchamovement.Somemovementsinvolvingprimarilyverticalorhorizontalmotionsofthebodyasawhole,inwhichrotationscanbeignored,canbestudiedusingsimpleequationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions.However,rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplexapproachesthatinvolveanalysesofthewaythebody'smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement分析舞蹈中的物理问题可以为舞者的技巧提供根本性的帮助。虽然舞者很少彻底用物理术语来看待自己——当身体质量受到众所周知的力的影响，依照物理定律，在空间中运动时——他们也不能无视运动的物理。例如，不管一个舞者多希望跳离地面然后开始旋转，角动量守恒绝对不允许这样一种运动。一些运动主要包括整个身体的垂直和水平运动，这时旋转可以被忽略，这种运动可以用三维线性运动的简单公式来研究。但是，旋转运动要求更复杂的方法，包括分析身体的质量是如何分布的，不同种类运动所涉及的旋转轴，以及产生旋转运动的不同的力的来源。.SAMPLE14:问题分类练习类型TheprimarypurposeofthepassageistoInline34,“legends”mostnearlymeansThemainpointofthepassageistoWhichbestcapturesthemeaningoftheword“consideration”inline23Bothpassagesemphasizewhichofthefollowingaspectsof…ThepassageservesmainlytoThepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithIncontext,the“paintings”(lines5-6)arebestunderstoodasareferencetoSAMPLE15:(0705-25-9)整体理解题-结构题原文：P1:…ChineseAmericanwomenplayedanimportantroleintheselong-termchanges.P2:Galvanizedby…,ChineseAmericanwomeninitiatedanoutpouringof…P1:华裔美国妇女在这些长期变化中起到了重要作用。P2:受到……的刺激，华裔美国妇女开始了一场轰轰烈烈的……Whichbestcharacterizestherelationshipbetweenthefirstparagraphandthesecondparagraph(A)Thefirstparagraphrelatesananecdotethatillustratesageneralizationmadeinthesecondparagraph(A)第一段讲了个小故事，这段小故事解释说明了第二段的概括。(B)第一段提出了一个论断，得到了第二段的支持(C)两段对同一现象提出了不同解释(D)第二段偏离了第一段讨论的话题(E)第二段挑战了第一段的论点的真实性(B)Thefirstparagraphpresentsacclaimthatissupportedinthesecondparagraph.(C)Theparagraphsofferdifferentexplanationsforthesamephenomenon.(D)Thesecondparagraphdigressesfromthetopicdiscussedinthefirstparagraph.(E)Thesecondparagraphchallengesthevalidityoftheargumentmadeinthefirstparagraph.SAMPLE16:(0601-6)局部理解题-作用题Inlines4-5,theauthorreferstoa“fashionmaven’s”toneprimarilyinorderto原文：Then,continuingwithafashionmaven’shyperboleandarbitraryimperatives,shegaveapassionatedisquisitionon接着，她以一种时尚大师的夸张和专断，对……做出了一个充满激情的专题讨论。…答案：indicatethatGenevieveexpressesheropinionswithauthorityandflair.SAMPLE17:(0601-7)态度题Theauthormentions“sharpenershavings”(line10)inordertoportrayamoodof原文：Ifeltarushofnostalgiafortheperfumedsharpenershavingsofmyyouth.答案：sentimentalreminiscenceSAMPLE18:(0905-44-7)相似题Whichgeneralizationissupportedbybothpassages?SAMPLE19:(0901-46-20)不同题TheargumentinPassage2differsfromtheargumentinPassage1inthatPassage2SAMPLE20:(0910-32-13)关系题TheauthorofPassage1wouldmostlikelyrespondtothe“argument”(line22,Passage2)with(A)completeagreement(B)partialacceptance(C)absoluteneutrality(D)studieddisinterest(E)surpriseddisbeliefSAMPLE21:(0905-22-21)排除题ThenarratormentionsallofthefollowingasproblemsencounteredatarchaeologicaldigsEXCEPTSAMPLE22:关键词练习(081-28-16)ItwassoraretoseearealAsianAmericanontelevisionwhenIwasakidthatwehadafamilyritualwhenonewasspotted我小时候，在电视上看到一个真正亚裔美国人的机会如此稀少，以至于我们会为看到一个（亚裔美国人上电视）举行一次家庭仪式。.(081-43-7)Newmansupposedthataliteraltranslationmustbethemostfaithfultranslation.Arnold,however,arguedthatinHomer’swork,severalqualitiesweretobefound–clarity,nobility,simplicity,andsoon.Hethoughtthatatranslatorshouldalwaysconveytheimpressionofthosequalities,evenincaseswheretheoriginaltextdidnotbearthemout.ArnoldpointedoutthataliteraltranslationmadeforoddityandforuncouthnessNewman认为直译是最好的翻译。而Arnold反对说，在荷马（Homer）的作品中，能够找到一些品质——清晰，典雅，简洁，等等。他认为一个翻译者应该坚持传达这些品质的印象，即使在原文没有证实的地方。Arnold指出直译导致怪异和粗俗。.By1832feminismwasthecentralconcernofSaint-Simonianismandentirelyabsorbeditsadherents'energy;hence,byignoringitsfeminism,EuropeanhistorianshavemisunderstoodSaint-Simonianism1832年，女权主义是圣西蒙主义（Saint-Simonianism）的中心思想，吸收了追随者的全部能量；因此，忽视其中的女权主义，欧洲历史学家误解了圣西蒙主义。.资料页：SAT考试信息、阅读关键词SATVS.ACTSAT(new)ACTSATIIScienceReasoningSectionnotrigonometrymathsectionincludetrigonometryvocabularyemphasizedvocabularylessimportantnon-multiplechoicequestionsincludeentirelymultiplechoiceguessingpenaltynoguessingpenaltymathaccountfor1/3ofyourscoremathaccountfor1/4ofyourscorequestionsgoformeasytohardinmostsectionseasyandhardquestionsmixedwithsectionsreportscoresbytestdateandSATSubjectTestscoresbyindividualtestyouchoose(optional)reportscoresonlyfromthetestdatesyouchooseACT与SAT分数换算表SAT(withwritingtestaddition)ACTcompositescore24003623403522803422203321603221003120403019802919202818602718002617402516802416202315602215002114402013801913201812601712001611401510801410201396001290011SATI+SATIISATI(2400points)CriticalReading(800)Math(800)Writing(800)SATII/SubjectTest(800pointseach)LiteratureHistoryWorldHistoryMathematicsLevel1MathematicsLevel2BiologyChemistryPhysicsChinesewithListeningFrenchFrenchwithListeningGermanGermanwithListeningModernHebrewItalianJapaneseKoreanwithListeningLatinSpanishSpanishwithListeningSAT分数换算SAT考试数学部分成绩换算一览表RawscoreScaledscoreRawscoreScaledscoreRawscoreScaledscore-6andbelow20015400-46036550-630-5200-21016400-46037550-630-4200-23017410-47038560-640-3200-25018420-48039570-650-2200-27019430-49040580-660-1200-29020430-49041600-6600210-31021440-50042610-6701230-33022450-51043620-6802240-34023460-52044620-6803260-36024460-52045630-6904270-37025470-53046640-7005280-38026480-54047660-7206290-39027490-55048670-7307310-41028490-55049680-7408320-42029500-56050690-7709330-43030510-57051700-78010340-42031520-58052720-80011350-43032520-60053750-80012360-44033520-6005480013380-44034530-61014390-45035540-620SAT考试阅读部分分数换算一览表RawscoreScaledscoreRawscoreScaledscoreRawscoreScaledscore-6andbelow20019400-46044560-620-5200-21020410-47045560-620-4200-23021420-48046570-630-3200-25022420-48047580-640-2200-27023430-49048580-640-1200-29024440-50049590-6500200-29025440-50050600-6601220-32026450-51051610-6702230-33027450-510-52600-6803250-35028460-52053610-6904260-36029470-53054620-7005270-37030470-53055630-7106290-37031480-54056630-7107300-38032480-54057640-7208310-39033490-55058650-7309330-39034500-56059660-74010340-40035500-56060660-76011350-41036510-57061670-77012350-41037510-57062690-79013360-42038520-58063700-80014370-43039530-59064720-80015380-44040530-59065740-80016380-44041540-60066770-80017390-45042550-6106780018400-46043550-610关键词类型子类例词话题词人名、地名、时间、缩写、复合词、反复出现的名词Blair=B,Serena=Sisoflavone…isoflavone…isoflavone=I态度词（也常出现在题干中）气氛creativity,emptiness,sanctity,urgency,urgency(urgent)…性格cautionary,genuine,serious,severe,solemn,idealistic,idiosyncratic,imagery,moralistic,nostalgic,pedagogical,propaganda,political,pragmatic,presumptuous,provocative…负面UNHAPPY:annoyance(annoy),apprehension,bored,comicalself-pity,confused,defeat,despair((sth.)despairing),disappointment,dismay,frustration(frustrated),impatience,sad,somber,sorrowful,unimportant,wrenchingDISAPPROVAL:disagree,oppose,objection,(act/action)absurd,(sb.)grasping,(act/action)calculatedself-interest,(act/action)aggressive,(act/action)mischief,(act/action)preemptive,(action)baseless,(action)misleading,(sb.)frailpride,(sb.)superstitiousnature,(sth.)convoluted,(sth.)erroneous,(sth.)false,(sth.)harmful,(sth.)heavyhanded,(sth.)implausible,(sth.)inconsistentwiththefact,(sth.)lamentable,(sth.)misleading,(sth.)questionable,（sth.)suspicious,(sth.)unpopular,(sth.)unprofitable,(sth.)unsophisticated,(sth.)unwise,(sth.)too...,(view)inconclusive,(view)unintelligible,criticism(critical),disapproval,disbelief,distrust,doubt,hesitant,oflittleconsequence,skepticism(skeptical),(sth.)drab,(sth.)uniform,(sth.)oppressiveCOMPROMISE:compromise,resignation(resigned)CONTEMPT:(sb.)timid,condescending,contempt(contemptuous),derision,ridicule,disdainful,dismissive,disparaging,disrespect,distastefor,quizzical,scoffat,scorn(scornful),smug,(sth.)ill-conceivedfailureIRONY:cynicism(cynical),dryhumor,irony(ironic),sarcasm(sarcastic),satire(satirical),understatement,sacasmEMBARASSMENT:discomfort,embarrassment,reluctantANGER:angry,furious,irate,outraged,sullenness,volatiletemperamentHATRED:combative,envious,hostility,malice,resentment(resentful),spiteful,vindictiveREGRET:apologetic,confession,regret(regretful)WORRY:alarm,diffidence,(sth.)menacing,fear(fearful),(sth.)athreat,foreboding,worriedDISTANCE:(sb.)cruelity,(sb.)reserved,(sth.)easilyoverlooked*,awe,distance,guarded,tolerance,unsympathetic其他：arrogance(arrogant),befreefrom(sth.),difiance,jocular,negative中性AMBIVALENCE:(sth.)double-edged,(sth.)indecipherable,ambivalent,bafflement,bewildering,bittersweet,confusion,equivocal,puzzlementabout(puzzled),tentative,mysterious,unknowable,multifaced,uncertaintyIMPARTIAL:detachment,factual,scholarlyINDIFFERENT:(sth.)unremarkable,apathy,indifference(indifferent),nonchalant,unconcernedSURPRISE:astonished,surprise其他：neutral,sentimental正面CONFIDENT:confident自信(confiding相信）,dignified,prideHAPPY:celebration,cheerful,delight,ebullient,elated,exhilarated(exhilarating),fortunate,hilarious,luck,pleasure,proud,wonderAFFECTION:admiration(admirable),affectionate,compassion,concern,friendly,respectful,reverencefor,sincere,sympathy,(sth.)appealingAPPROVAL:(act/action)effective,(act/action)justified,(act/action)reliable,carefullyreasoned,(sth.)important,(act/action)courageousdefiance,(act/action)lucrative,(act/action)progressive,(act/action)tested,(sb.)cunninginstincts,(sb.)resolutedetermination,(sth.)(sth.)desirable,(sth.)necessary,(sth.)need,(sth.)preferablefor,(sth.)rational,(sth.)successful,(sth.)suitablefor,(sth.)thought-provoking,(sth.)timely,(sth.)trend-setting,(sth.)understandable,(sth.)groundsforgrantingincreasedplausibilitytoaparticulartheory,accept,appreciation(appreciative),approval,conviction,endorse,enlightening,satisfactoryHOPE:aspiration,eagerness(eager),encouraged,hopeful,longto,optimistic,wistfulINTEREST:(sb.)exotic,(sth.)alluring,(sth.)captivating,amazement,amused,excitement,intrigued,curiosity其他：positive,forgiveness,humor限定QUALIFIED:deceitful,feigned,misguided,grudging,qualified,somewhat,veiledUNQUALIFIED:decisive,deliberate,emphatic,proof,virtuallycertaintobeverified,explicit,essentialto,frank,frantic,indulgent,open,vivid方向词分类（/列举）Categories,classifications,approaches,groups,parts,types,characteristics,elements,kinds,sorts,ways,classes,features,numbers,1,2,3,4,first/second/,moreover,next,also,then,furthermore,another…步骤First,now,later,second,after,stages,third,before,steps,next,finally,then,mostimportant,furthermore,when,last…举例Forexample,forinstance,toillustrate,specifically,especially,suchas,todemonstrate,toexpress,toemphasize,tounderscore,toexemplify...定义Define,knownas,wemean,is,thatis,wecanstate,isdefinedas,thetermmeans,wemean,viewedas,figuredas,regardedas,…因果Because,forthisreason,since,cause,onaccountof,why,dueto,attributeto,reflex,inspire,spur,spark,stimulate,traceableasaresult,ineffect,therefore,consequently,resultin,thus,hence,theoutcomeis,accordingly,contributeto,sothat,leadto,reflection,motivation,expansion比较&对比like/alike,resemble,likewise,inthesameway/manner,similar,parallels,compare,incomparison,compareAtoB,A=BcompareAwithB,A≠BAbycomparison…比较起来drawacomparisonbetweenAandBAincomparisonwithB…和...比较起来Abear/standcomparisonwithB不亚于beyondcomparison天壤之别bringintocomparison拿来做比较withoutcomparison无与伦比Although,asopposedto,incontrastto,unlike,ratherthan,insteadofbut,yet,however,nevertheless,ontheotherhand,instead,onthecontrary,conversely,difference,whereas,differentfocusonB1.Although(conj.)A…,B/A…2.A…,however(conj.),/neverthelessB(A)…A…;Bhowever(adv.)/nevertheless…A…,however(adv.)/nevertheless…,….3.A…,whereas(conj.)B…限于对比4.BratherthanA……问题problem,duskiness,fogginess,generalsupportive,dilemma,mistiness,generalillustrative,phenomenon解决solution,remedy,therapy,systematically程度词绝对程度词Always,definitely,irrefutably,assuredly,indisputably,undeniably,certainly,invariably,withoutquestion加强程度词Almost,probably,presumably,thereislittlequestion,…削弱程度词Apparently,maybe,may,possible,couldbe,might,seems,likely,perhaps,seemingly,…题目分类工具推荐(1)词典金山词霸“韦氏”MerriamWebsterCollegiateDictionary灵格斯Lingoes(2)阅读材料扩展GoogleScholar参考文献姚坤《SAT基础班阅读讲义》太傻网笔记页SAT阅读=迅速理解作者逻辑并作推理题目文章内容时、地、人、物、情感态度形式Form背景段、首段Background&FirstPara.各段首末句FirstSentenceofEachPara.关键词KeyWordsSAT阅读歌时地人物拎拎清，对比转折多留心primarypurpose主旨句，as/with态度词to看本句前后主，by和use写法题because因果mean词汇，might/would类比寻作业（Homework）2.文体、题材、主旨、结构阅读材料：文体、题材、主旨、结构、方向词、长句分解1SAMPLE1:文体题材判断练习首句：(OC1-5-8…)Apesraisedbyhumansseemtopretendmorefrequentlythandoapesinthewild.Animalhandlersseebehaviorstheyinterpretaspretendingpracticallyeveryday由人类饲养的猿类比野外生活的猿类更经常伪装.文体：_____题材：______背景：(OG-426)Thispassage,takenfromearlynineteenth-centurynovel,presentstwocharacters-ShirleyKeeldar,ayoungwomanoftwenty-onewhohasinheritedafortuneandlandinYorkshire,England,andMr.Sympson,theunclewhowasherguardianuntilshereachedadulthood.本文节选自一部十九世纪的小说，介绍了两位人物——ShirleyKeedlar，一位二十一岁的年轻女性，她在英国约克郡继承了一笔财产和土地，Sy