商务英语综合教程（上册）Unit 12 Developing an Intercultural Training Program

UnitTwelveDevelopinganInterculturalTrainingProgramIntroductionWiththeglobalizationoftheeconomy,manylargefirmshaveestablishedtheirownbranchesandofficesinworldwidelocations.Itisvitalthatthecompanyhavetheinterculturaltrainingprogram,soastoenablethestafffromdifferentbackgroundtoexchangethoughts,ideasandopinions.TextExercisesRelatedTechnicalTermsGrammar1Intel,ahigh-technologyfirm,hasmanufacturingandsalesofficesinworldwidelocations.Eachmajorsitehasatrainingorganizationwithatrainingmanagerfromthelocalcountry.AsIntelhasengagedingreatermultinationalpartnerships,oneofitsmajortrustshasbeentoincreasethequalityofrelationshipsandexchangeofinformationandtrainingtechnology.Becauseitsengineeringandmanufacturingtalentspansgeographiesandnationalities,IntelisahighlyculturallydiversecompanybothworldwideandwithintheUnitedStates.TextIn1993,Intellauncheditsinterculturaltrainingprogramwiththedevelopmentofmulticulturalintegrationclassesforforeign-bornprofessionals.Basedonthesuccessoftheseclassesandthegrowingawarenessofglobalcompetence,SharonRichardswasselectedasinterculturaltrainingmanager—andforthefirsttimeapositionsolelyfocusedoninterculturaltrainingwascreated.Intel’sinterculturaltrainingprogramhasfivecomponents:Text2InterculturalAwareness.“Themainobjectiveofinterculturaltrainingisthedevelopmentofcross-culturalawareness,〞statesRichards.Interculturaltrainingforfirst-linesupervisors,mid-levelmanagers,andseniormanagersisintegratedwithmanagementtopicsandbusinessobjectives.“Ourgoalistoincorporatecross-culturaleducationintoalltraining.TextForexample,ifacourseonhowtoconducteffectivemeetingsistaught,oneneedstoaddresshowcultureimpactsmeetingprocessesandprocedures.〞Itisimpossibletoworkinaglobalcompanywithoutinterfacingwithpeopleofmanydifferentcultures.So,teachingmanagers—andallIntelemployees—tobeculturallyawareandsensitiveisthefirststepininterculturaltraining.Whileculture-specificinformationandlistsofdo’sanddon’tsareimportant,worldwideexpertiseisunrealistic.Text3MulticulturalIntegrationProgram.Thisseriesofclassesdevelopedforforeign-bornprofessionalsfocusesoncommunicationskillbuildingandcareerdevelopment.Classesofferedincludeaccentimprovement,effectiveoralpresentations,speakingunderpressure,technicalandbusinesswriting,Americanidiomsandvocabularyintheworkplace,andAmericanbusinessculture.TextTextInthemulticulturalintegrationworkshop,managerswhowerebornandraisedinothercountriesandhavebeensuccessfulwithinthecompanyareusedasrole-modelpresenters.Theydiscusstheirowncareersandspeakofcareerplanningandprofessionalgrowthanddevelopment.Additionally,theworkshopoffersaninformalenvironmentforindividualquestionsandnetworking.4CultureSpecificTraining.Thistrainingfocusesonworkinganddoingbusinessinorwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.TrainingforinterfacingwithotherculturesincludesthecountriesofJapan,Israel,thePhilippines,Malaysia,IrelandandKorea.Notonlydoemployeeslearnabouttheculturesofthesecountriesduringthecourses,buttheyalsoexaminetheirownindividualculture.Theythenlearnhowtobridgethecommunicationgapandworksuccessfullytogether.TextTrainingforInternationalAssignments.Competinginaglobalenvironmentnecessitatesworldwidecross-trainingandbusinessinterface,particularlywiththeincreasingnumbersofjointventuresandbusinesspartnerships.Managersandtheirfamiliesgoingoninternationalassignmentsareprovidedlanguageandcountry-specificorientationandeducationpriortodeparture.Thistrainingisusuallypresentedbyanexternalconsultantwithextensiveexperiencelivingandworkinginthatcountryandculture.Text5IntactTeamTraining.Thisleveloftrainingisdesignedtosupportspecificcorporatebusinessinitiatives.WhenIntelformsajointventurewithanon-U.S.company,trainingforteammembersisimperativeforthesuccessofthatventure.Therolethatcorporateculturaldifferencesaswellasnationalculturaldifferencesplayisoftenunderestimated.Intelisincreasinglyincorporatinginterculturalperspectiveintoteambuilding.TextAsanexample,inonesituationwhenengineersfromJapanwerebroughttotheUnitedStatesfortraining,anexternalconsultantwhoisfluentinJapanesewasavailabletoworkwiththeemployeesandtheirfamiliesduringtheirstay.TheconsultantassistedwithtranslationandEnglishlanguagetraining.Duringmeetingstheconsultantactedasaliaisonandclarifiedinformationinone-on-onesituations.TextTheconsultantwasalsoavailableforfamilyemergenciessuchasinterfacingwithhospitalpersonnelortakingfamilytothedoctor.Thisinterculturalsupporthelpedtheworkteamtogetofftoafaststartandfacilitatedbyeasingbothemployeeandfamilyadjustmenttoaculturallydifferentlifestyle.Text6Globaltrainingforthemultinationalcorporationmustbereal-timetraining.Infact,itisjust-in-timetraining.ForRichardsitisdifficulttoplanwhatinternationalprogramsIntelwillneedsixmonthsfromnow.Changehappensfast.Decisionsaremadequickly.“Weinhumanresourcescannotanticipatejustwhatourcompany’snextbusinessventurewillbe.Anexecutivewalksinandsaysthatwehavejustsignedajoint-ventureagreementandneedtosend20employeestoaspecificcountrywithinafewweeksTextThismaybeanationalculturewhichisnotincludedinourtrainingprogram.Thetrainingmanagermaynotbepossiblebecauseofthetimeconstraints.Youmustbeflexibleandabletoimplementwhatyouneedwhenyouneedit.“Thisisamajorchallengeinsupportingthecompany’sinterculturaltrainingneeds.Butitisbothanincrediblechallengeandopportunity,〞Richardsconcludes.(823words)Text1.Intel:Foundedin1968tobuildsemiconductormemoryproducts,Intelintroducedtheworld’sfirstmicroprocessorin1971.Today,Intelsuppliesthecomputingandcommunicationsindustrieswithchips,boards,systems,andsoftwarebuildingblocksthatarethe“ingredients〞ofcomputers,serversandnetworkingcommunicationsproducts.In2002Intelisranked110onGlobal500.Notes2.Whileculture-specificinformationandlistsofdo’sanddon’tsareimportant,worldwideexpertiseisunrealistic:Whileinformationaboutacertaincultureandlistsofwhatcanandcannotbedoneinacertaincultureareimportant,itisnotrealisticforyoutobewellversedinallforeigncultures.这里的do’s是指可以做的，don’ts指的是不可以做的.Notes3.Inthemulticulturalintegrationworkshop,managerswhowerebornandraisedinothercountriesandhavebeensuccessfulwithinthecompanyareusedasrole-modelpresenters.在这句话中，whowerebornandraisedinothercountriesandhavebeensuccessfulwithinthecompany是定语从句，用来修饰managers,句子中真正的谓语是areusedasrole-modelpresenters.意思是：managersareaskedtoparticipatebecausetheyareseenasmodelssuccessforothers.Notes4.Duringmeetingstheconsultantactedasaliaisonandclarifiedinformationinone-on-onesituation：Duringthemeetingstheconsultantservedasaninterpreterandmaintainedcommunicationbetweenindividuals.在会谈期间，参谋可以充当联络员，在一对一的情况下说明相关的信息。Notes5.Thisinterculturalsupporthelpedtheworkteamtogetofftoafaststartandfacilitatedbyeasingbothemployeeandfamilyadjustmenttoaculturallydifferentlifestyle:Thisinterculturalsupporthelpedtheworkteamtogetdowntoworkquicklyand,asitrelievedbothemployeeandfamilyoftheirworries,madeiteasierforthemtoadaptthemselvestoalifeculturallydifferentfromtheirs.这种文化交流方面的支持帮助这个团队很快就进入工作状态，而且有助于员工和家庭做适当的调整适应不同文化的生活方式。Notes6.Infact,itisjut-in-timetraining:Infact,itistrainingthatperfectlymeetstheneedsofaparticularsituation.NotesI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.Whatis/arethemajorreason(s)forInteltodevelopaninterculturaltrainingprogram?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthefirststepininterculturaltraining?3.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage?4.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?5.Doyouthinkitisnecessaryforonejointventuretohavetheinterculturaltrainingprogram?6.WhyorWhynot?ExercisesII.WordStudy.Exercises1.Theprefixesanti–,mis–areusedtoformverbs/adjectives/nounsfromverbs/adjectives/nouns,e.g.clockwise→anti-clockwise,act→misact.Nowcompletethefollowingtable.ExercisesKey2.Fillintheblanks.1.Theofficesareconveniently_________inthecenterofthetown.2.Immigrantsoftenlack_________literacyoftheirnewcountry.3.I’monlyworriedabouthisattitudetothejob,andasdesigner,his_______isnotinquestion.4.Thetrainingprogramisseenasa________betweenschoolandwork.5.ThisisanEnglishlanguagecoursethatis_______towardstheneedsofbusinessmen.6.That’sthemost_______coincidenceI’veeverheardof.7.Wewanttomakeproducts______toawidermarket.8.I’mwell______thatthisisariskyinvestment.9.You’llhaveto______agoodexcuseifyoudon’tattendtheconference.10.I’mnotsureaboutyourlegalpositioninthismatter:Ithinkyoushouldtake______advice.located2.cultural3.competence4.bridge5.orientated6.incredible7.available8.aware9.aware10.professionalKeyExercises3.Fillineachblankofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthewordsorphrasesinthelistgivenbelowandmakechangeswhennecessary.Exercises4.Mostcoupleswhobreakupseemtofindithardtomaintainfriendship.KimandGerryare______tothatrule.5.Thishasguaranteed_______resources______accesstonationaldatabasesnotalwaysopentoothers.Wearestilldealingwithproblems_______thewronginvestmentpolicyoftheex-president.7.Harrisaddsthatmanyofhisviews_____thoseofhispartner’s.8.Neitherofusshowedtheslightest_______tofollowmyfatherintomusic.9.Butonemajorturningpointcamewhenshestartedgoingtocarpentryeveningclassesandfoundshehadrealtalentfor_______.10.Forthisyoungman,onetragedy_____another.ExercisesExercisesKey1.Agreatvarietyof2.adaptationof3.rankswith4.exception5.notonly…butalso6.resultingfrom7.differfrom8.inclination9.do-it-yourself10.followedontheheelsofⅣ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.从理论上看来，如果商品供不应求，那么价格必然会上涨。2.诸如消费习惯的改变等其他因素会改变商品的供求从而影响价格。3.在自由市场中，生产什么，如何生产等重要经济问题将主要通过消费者和私营厂家—通常是商业公司间的相互作用决定的。4.竞争或许会改进商品或效劳，降低价格甚至能够引进全新的产品从而使已有的产品被淘汰。5.实际上，最终是由消费者来决定市场的运作---它的开展，衰退以及它的变化速度。Exercises1.Theoretically,ifdemandexceedssupplythepricewillarise.2.Otherindirectfactorssuchastheshiftofconsumptionhabitcancauseachangeinthesupplyanddemandwhichwillaffectprices.3.Inafreemarketthekeyeconomicquestionsofwhattoproduce,howandforwhomwillbedecidedmainlybyinteractionbetweenconsumersandproductsproducers---usuallybusinessfirms.4.Arivalmayimproveagoodorservice,loweritsprice,orevenintroduceanentirelynewproductthatmakesestablishedonesobsolete.5.Infact,itisultimatelyconsumerswhodeterminethewayinwhichmarketsbehave---whethertheygrowordeclineandhowfasttheychange.ExercisesKeyV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesinthetextintoChinese.1.AsIntelhasengagedingreatermultinationalpartnerships,oneofitsmajortrustshasbeentoincreasethequalityofrelationshipsandexchangeofinformationandtrainingtechnology.2.So,teachingmanagers–andallIntelemployees–tobeculturallyawareandsensitiveisthefirststepininterculturaltraining.3.Managersandtheirfamiliesgoingoninternationalassignmentsareprovidedlanguageandcountry-specificorientationandeducationpriortodeparture.Exercises4.WhenIntelformsajointventurewithanon-U.S.company,trainingforteammembersisimperativeforthesuccessofthatventure.Therolethatcorporateculturaldifferencesaswellasnationalculturaldifferencesplayisoftenunderestimated.5.Thisisamajorchallengeinsupportingthecompany’sinterculturaltrainingneeds.Butitisbothanincrediblechallengeandopportunity.ExercisesKey1.因为因特尔公司与多个国家有合作关系，其中主要任务之一就是改善彼此之间的关系，增进彼此间的信息交流和培训技术。2.因此负责教学的经理—以及所有因特尔公司的员工–要有文化差异的意识和敏感性培训的第一步。3.派到国外去工作的经理们和他们的家人在启程前会接受语言和相关国家文化方面的培训和教育。4.当因特尔公司和一个非美国公司合作成立时，培训公司的员工对于跨国公司的成功非常必要。5.这也是满足公司跨文化培训需求所面临的一大挑战。理查德说：“这既是挑战极限也是千载难逢的机遇。〞ExercisesVI.Writeasummaryofthetextinabout120words.ExercisesVII.Writeaone-paragraphcompositionentitled“CulturalDifferencesbetweenChineseandAmerican〞.Youmayusethewordsorexpressionsinthetext.ExercisesVIII.Discusswithyourpartnertheimportanceofculturaltrainingprograminonebusinessandhowtodobusinessactivitiesinacompletelydifferentculturalenvironment.Exercises1.jointventures〔1〕apartnership,usu.temporarybutsometimesbecomingpermanent,formedbytwoormorepersonsorcompaniesco--operatinginsomespecialbusinessactivityinwhichthereissomeriskofloss,butareasonablehopeofprofit.Thepartiesintheventuresharethecostsandtheprofitsinagreedproportions.Thisarrangementexistsinbanking,insuranceandpublishing.RelatedTechnicalTerms联营企业，合资经营在某项有亏损风险但又有获利希望的特定商业活动中，有两个或更多的人或公司结成的合伙关系，通常是暂时的，但有时也会成为永久性的。合营各方根据商定的比例分担本钱，分享利润。银行业，保险业和出版业中都有这类安排。(2)theexpressionisalsousedforacompanyformedjointlybytwoormoreothercompanies.联营企业这一词语也用于指两个或两个以上的公司组成的公司。RelatedTechnicalTerms宾语从句由附属连词引导，从句可以放在动词后面、介词或形容词后面，也可以用作形式宾语放在它们后面。例：Canyoumakesure_______thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput[解析]选C.该题的考查目标是宾语从句的语序和时态。从主句的时态可以看出爱丽斯把金戒指放何处与现在有关，故正确答案是C.GrammarObjectClause宾语从句分为三类：1.动词宾语从句。例如：Iwanttoknowwhetheryoucancome.Pleasetellmewhattheteachertoldyou.2.介词宾语从句。例如：Iwillseetoitthateverythingisreadybyten.3.形容词宾语从句。例如：I’mafraidthatyouarewrong.Weareabsolutelysurewhothegirlinredis.GrammarObjectClause1.Completethefollowingsentences,usingobjectiveclauses.1.Ｗearepleasedtoinformyou___________________(你们的产品在我们市场上非常畅销)。2.Theyhope_________________________________(他们能够成功地达成此笔交易)。3.Theywishtoknow___________________________(他们的客户何时能够给他们邮寄样品)?4.Thecompanybelieves_____________________(他们的产品必定能够满足市场的需求)。5.Theyinsist________________________________(合同将被撤销)。GrammarExercises6.Wesuggest_______________________(任何延迟交货的事故应视为违反合同)。7.Theytrust_________________________(他们能够与我们建立友好的业务关系)。8.Wewonder________________________(什么原因导致了装运的延误)。9.Theyaskedus______________________(是否通知客户到码头提货了)。10.Theydon’tknow____________________(谁将承担这个责任)？Exercises1.yourproductsaresellingfastinourmarket.2.theycantransactthisbusinesssuccessfully.3.whentheircustomerscansendthesamplestothem.4.theirproductswillnodoubtsatisfytheneedsofthemarket.5.thecontractbecancelled.6.anydelayindeliveryberegardedasbreachofthecontract7.thattheycouldestablishfriendlybusinessrelationswithus8.whatresultsinthedelayinshipment9.whetherwehaveinformedourcustomerstotakedeliveryofthegoodsatthedock.10.whowillbeliableforthis?ExercisesKey1.WhenwilltheyapplyfortheL/C？Wewanttoknow2.WhatisyourlowestpriceforWalnuts?Acustomerinquirestous.3.Willtheyshipthegoodsbythefirstavailablesteamer?Wehavenoidea.4.Thegoodshavebeendamagedheavily.Theydidn'texpect.5.Whatpaymenttermsdoyouaskfor?Ourcustomeraskedus..Exercises2.Combinetwosentencesintoacompoundsentencewithanobjectiveclause.Model:“Couldyougiveusadiscount？〞Ourcustomeraskedus.→Ourcustomeraskeduswhetherwecouldgivethemadiscount.6.Whenhavetheymadedeliveryofthegoods？Wewanttoknow.7.TheL/CexpiresonOct.15.Weinformthem.8.Isthepackingsuitableforalongseavoyage.Theywishtofindout.9.TheL/CisinstrictaccordancewiththeContractterms.Pleaseseetoit.10.Wherewillthenegotiationbeheld?Pleaseletusknow.Exercises1.WewanttoknowwhentheywillapplyfortheL/C.2.AcustomerinquirestouswhatourlowestpriceforWalnutsis.3.whethertheywillshipthegoodsbythefirstavailablesteamer.4.Theydidn’texpectthatthegoodshadbeendamagedheavily.5.Ourcustomeraskeduswhatpaymenttermsweaskedfor.6.Wewanttoknowwhentheyhavemadedeliveryofthegoods.7.WeinformthemthattheL/CexpiresonOct.15.8.Theywishtofindoutwhetherthepackingissuitableforalongseavoyage.9.PleaseseetoitthattheL/CisinstrictaccordancewiththeContractterms.10.Pleaseletusknowwherethenegotiationwillbeheld.ExercisesKey