专升本英语专项练习阅读理解

阅读理解（2）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最正确选项.AHerearesomeoftheworld’smostimpressivesubways.TheTokyoFeatures:TheTokyoMetroandToeilinesthatcomposeTokyo’smassiveMetroandsubwaysystemcarryalmost8millionpeopleeachday,makingittheToeiLinesbusiestsystemintheworld.Thesystemisfamousforitsoshiya---literally,“pusher”---whoshovepassengersintocrowdedsubwaycarssothedoorscanclose.Andyouthinkyourcommuteishell.TheMoscowFeatures:TheMoscowMetrohassomeofthemostbeautifulstationsMetrointheworld.ThebestofthemwerebuiltduringtheStalinisteraandfeaturechandeliers(枝形吊灯),marblemoldingsandelaboratemurals(精巧的壁画).Withmorethan7millionridersaday,keepingallthatmarblecleanhasgottobeaburden.TheHongFeatures:TheHongKongMTRhasthedistinctionofbeingoneoftheKongMetrofewsubwaysystemsintheworldthatactuallyturnsaprofit.It’sprivatelyownedandusesrealestatedevelopmentalongitstrackstoincreaseincomeandridership.Italsointroduced“Octopuscards”thatallowpeopletonotonlypaytheirfareselectronically,butbuystuffatconveniencestores,supermarkets,restaurantsandevenparkingmeters.It’sestimatedthat95%ofalladultsinHongKongownanOctopuscard.ShanghaiFeatures:ShanghaiisthethirdcityinChinatobuildametrosystem,Metroandithasbecomethecountry’slargestinthe12yearssinceitopened.ShanghaiMetrohas142milesoftrackandplanstoaddanother180mileswithinfiveyears.Bythatpoint,itwouldbethreetimeslargerthanChicago“L”.Thesystemcarriesaboutmillionpeopleaday.TheLondonFeatures:LondonerscalltheirsubwaytheUnderground,eventhoughMetro55percentofitliesaboveground.Nomatterwhenyou’vegottheoldestmass-transitsystemintheworld,youcancallitanythingyoulike.Trainsstartedin1863andthey’vebeenrunningeversince.Some3millionpeoplerideeachday,everyoneofthemrememberingto“Mindthegap”.1.WhichonecanprovidetheriderssomewonderfuldecorationsatthestationsA.TheTokyoMetroandToeiLinesB.TheMoscowMetroC.TheLondonMetroD.TheHongKongMTR2.________isdonewiththepurposeofmakingmoney.A.TheTokyoMetroandToeiLinesB.TheMoscowMetroC.TheLondonMetroD.TheHongKongMTRWecanlearnfromthepassagethatShanghaiMetro________.A.carriesthemostpeopleeachdayB.istheworld’slargestC.maybelargerthantheChicago“L”inthefutureD.isthebusiestintheworld4.Howmanysubwayscarrymorethan5millionpeopleperdayA.2B.3C.4D.5BArchaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,“thestudyofoldthings”.So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence,suchasletters,paintingsandphotographs,butarchaeologists(考古学家)learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbythehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdon’tbreakdownordisappearveryquickly—thingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal.Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistory—normally,thebacteriaintheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.Occasionally,thingsaredifferent.In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoup—walkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsomethingstickingout—ahumanfoot!Naturally,themencalledthepolice,whothenfoundtherestofthebody.WasitacaseofmurderPossibly—buyitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgans—thescientistswhoexaminedhimwereabletolookinsidetheman’sstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!WhywasthismansowellpreservedItwasbecausehewasinaverywateryenvironment,safefromthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedtheman’sskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleathercoatsandshoes.HowdidhedieUnderstandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled“LindowMan”.Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadn’tdoneheavymanualworkinthislife—hecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadn’tdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrificedtothreedifferentgods.5.Whichlanguagedoestheword“archaeology”comefromA.French.B.GreekC.Roman.D.German。6.Theword“these”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_____.A.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objects7.Whichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserve“LindowMan”A.IceandlowtemperatureB.BacteriaandoxygenC.SoilandenergyD.AcidandwaterAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEA.“LindowMan”wasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim.B.Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence.C.“LindowMan”wasfoundbytwoarchaeologistsinthesouthofEngland.D.“LindowMan”wasgoodatmanualwork.9.WhichisthebesttitleforthepassageA.WhatIsArchaeologyB.ArchaeologyandHistoryC.AnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscoveryD.TheDeathof“LindowMan”CWhatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscienceWeallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinoursocieties.However,manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstaspectistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Thesecondistheapplicationofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.WhatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandactingFirstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistiscurious-hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallypaysattentiontoproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfyingexplanation,andlooksforrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjective(客观的)andusesthefactsheobservestothefullest.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum(光谱).Hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable.Herejectsauthorityastheonlybasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectively.Furthermore,hedoesnotreadilyaccepthisownidea,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.Lastly,heisfullofimaginationsinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstoguesshowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.10.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough_________A.knowledgeonly.B.morethanoneaspect.C.technologyonly.D.theuseofmachines.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutacuriousscientistisTRUEHedoesn’tfindconfidenceandpleasureinwork.Heisinterestedinproblemsthatareexplained.Hemakeseffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.Helooksfornewwaysofacting.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldNOT_______________.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.easilycriticizeothers'researchwork.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.WhichwordcanbeusedtodescribethedatathatagoodscientistusesA.completeB.objectiveC.complicatedD.accurateWhatdoesthepassagemainlydiscussA.Applicationoftechnology.B.Progressinmodemsociety.Scientists'waysofthinkingandacting.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.DMostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularfreetimeactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneofthemautomaticallyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyfirmbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived(丧失).Ispentmyboyhoodclimbingtrees.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandstrangenewideasaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD(多动症).Thosewhosehousinghadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,theentireschoolwoulddobetterinstudies.Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy(等级)basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.Mostbullying(仗势欺人)isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac(柏油碎石)playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchool,withitshardtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincornersdreamingaboutwildlife.Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.Thelifeofoldpeopleismuchbetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Themostimportantforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsprocesshelpsreduceangerandbehaviorthatpeoplemightregretlater.”Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.Wetendtothinkhumanbeingsaredoingnaturesomekindoffavourwhenweareprotectingnature.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisdamaging.Humanbeingsareaspeciesofanimals.Forsevenmillionyearswelivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Sowemissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithaglassofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,understandsthat.Weneedthewildworld.Itisnecessarytoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.15.Whatistheauthor’sfirmbeliefA.Peopleseeknatureindifferentways.B.Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.WhatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadaysPersonalfreedom.Thingsthatarenatural.Urbansurroundings.Thingsthatarepurchased.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshowThenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas________.A.tendtodevelopastrongloveforscienceB.aremorelikelytodreamaboutwildlifeC.tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthoodD.arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullyingWhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHDA.Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.B.Providemoregreenspacesforthem.C.Placethemundermorepersonalcare.theminmoremeaningfulactivities.InwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnatureA.Theylookonlifeoptimistically.B.Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.C.Theyareabletolivelonger.D.Theybecomegood-humoured.B。文中只介绍了莫斯科地铁有吊灯、壁画等一些精巧的装修，其他未说起。2.D。在对香港地铁的介绍中提到了turnsaprofit，意思是赚钱。C。在对上海地铁的介绍中提到了4.A。东京和莫斯科地铁每日运载人数分别为快要8万和超出7万。B。从文章第一句能够知道，archaeology这个词来自希腊语。D。从第一段的最后一句可知，these指的是比较坚硬、不太会破坏或消逝的物体，比方人骨或用石头、金属等制作的物件。7.D。第四段的2、3两句指出了水和酸在保留Lindowman过程中起了很大作用。B。Lindowman的发现印证了第一段中作者提出的这一看法。C。本文主要篇幅叙述了一个详细的考古发现。B。从第二段中manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.可知科学在两个方面推进社会进步。11.C。D选项的意思是“他老是追求行动的新 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ”，文中没有说起。A应是findconfidenceandpleasure.D应是thatareunexplainedA。从文中可知，科学家不是很简单相信没有查验的结论，可是他不单批鉴他人的工作，还批评自已的工作，工作时需要想象力，充分利用自已察看所得。C。倒数第二段中的complex等于complicated，意思是“复杂的”。C。文中前两段简要介绍社会的进步依靠于科学的哪两个方面；后部分详尽介绍第二个方面，即科学家的思虑和行为方式。15.A。从第一段最后一句”Itismyfirmbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.”可知人们以各样形式找寻大自然，亲密大自然。16.D。从第二段最后一句中“thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound”可知父亲母亲此刻更愿意给孩子买东西.17.B。从第四段第一句中“kindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalability”能够得出B结论。18.D。从第六段第一句中的“theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.”能够得出D结论。19.B。第八段第二句“YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.”可知对多动症少儿来说，把他们置于自然环境中是最有利的。20.B。第九段第二句“Themostimportantforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.”能够得出B结论。