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考博英语2014年考博英语高频词组笔记  1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守。   2. be absent from…. 缺席,不在   3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉   4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be con...

考博英语
2014年考博英语高频词组笔记  1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守。   2. be absent from…. 缺席,不在   3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉   4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on   5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解   7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,   8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主 动地   9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致   10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 近年文化生活类考博英语热点词汇及短语  把…列为世界自然文化遗产 list …as a world natural heritage site   摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)   保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage (relics)   博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries   不注重历史 neglect history   采取保护态度 take protective attitude   承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations   承前启后,继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the past and usher in the future   充分发挥知识分子的积极性和创造性 give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals   触击现行法律的盲区 touch a blank area of the existing law   创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city   辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old year and ring in the new)   从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce   促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally   促进交流 promote the communication   促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products   促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding   得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support   抵住…的诱惑 resist the temptation of   对…持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to   对…情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to   发挥…的聪明才智 develop one’s own talents and wisdom   发挥潜力 tap one’s potential   繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art   反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China   放下架子 relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs)   腐蚀人的灵魂 poison one’s mind   改进教学 improve teaching and learning   给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students   和…持相同观点 share views similar to 2014年考博英语语法重点复习要点(1) http://kaobo.b2cedu.com  2013-8-5  来源:本站原创  作者:佚名 独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装   独立主格特征   1. 充当句子的状语。   2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。   3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词   4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词)   例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.   b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.   c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle).   真题剖析   (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are  46  of the material which would 47 feed them.   45. A. For   B. As   C. With   D. Because   练习:   Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do.   8. A. is   B. having   C. being   D. be   虚拟语气   虚拟语气(2)   1. (should)+动词原形   It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句   It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句   It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句   部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句   2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式   would rather +动词过去式   真题剖析   (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . …   47. A. do   B. did   C. don’t   D. didn’t   (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they  53 that the professor be sent home.   53. A. ordered   B. pleaded   C. decided   D. demanded   练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that   we__15__ this message to heart.   15. A. took   B. would take   C. will take   D. should take   (2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing.   (even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.)   54.A. shall   B.will   C.would   D.should   非谓语动词   动名词、分词、不定式。   主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done)   发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been)   To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。   真题剖析   (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.   60. A. dropped   B. to drop   C. dropping   D.drops   (2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining   relationships, from developing in human ways.   59. A. destructive   B. dissatisfied   C. damaged   D. derivative   主谓一致   1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。   How you got there doesn’t concern me.   Growing vegetables needs constant watering.   2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。   Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.   3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。   4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。   Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water).   5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。   Everyone knows that you’ve come here.   If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.  (--thing 的情况例外)   6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等)   He no less than John is interested in literature.   7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等)   Either my father or my brothers are coming.   8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。   Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall.   真题剖析   (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded.   53. A. none   B. few   C. any   D. some   倒装   全部倒装   1. “There (Here) +be+主语”   There stand big buildings in this district.   Here on the desk lies a pile of books.   2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.)   In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 2014年考博英语语法重点复习要点(2) http://kaobo.b2cedu.com  2013-8-5  来源:本站原创  作者:佚名  限定词的用法   1. Both, each, either, neither (只指两个)   2. All, every, each, some, any, no (指两个以上)   3. Some, any, more, (the) most, all, a lot, lots, enough, none (复数可数或不可数)   4. Much, (a) little, a good/great deal, less, (the) least (不可数)   eg. “Got any money?” “None at all.”   eg. “Does either side of this street get more sun that the other?” “No, neither side is sunnier than the other.”   从句为考察重点   (1999) …The answers given by 200 women to those intimate open-ended questions made me realize that 51 was wrong could not be related to education in the way it was then believed to be. …   51. A. which   B. what   C. it   D. that   (1998) They learned to 51 their farming habits to the climate and soil. 52 they selected the fourth Thursday of November for their Thanksgiving 53 , they invited their neighbors, …   52. A. While   B. When   C. So   D. If   (1993) In the United States a commentator remarked that 45 Japan apparently still used some “primitive tools”, 46 a Japanese commentator expressed astonishment that the American pens wrote so poorly they could safely be used only once and then discarded.   46. A. though   B. when   C. while   D. and that   omitting the subject   Rather formal use   让步状语从句以 although, though, while, or whilst 开头时通常与主句共享主语, 从句谓语用分词形式。   Whilst he liked cats, he never let them come into his house.   Whilst liking cats, he never let them come into his house.   Both the journalists, though greeted as heroes on their return from prison, not long afterwards quietly disappeared from their newspapers. 这四个词还可用在名词、形容词或副词词组前,如: It was an unequal marriage, although a stable and long-lasting one.   Though not very attractive physically, she possessed a sense of humour.   WHILE   1.He stayed with me while Dad talked with Dr. Smith.   2.I often knit while watching TV.   3.While I have some sympathy for these fellows, I think they went too far.   AND   1. often used to link clauses I came here in 1922 and I have live here ever since.   2. When you are giving advice or a warning, you can use “and” to say what will happen if something is done.   Go by train and you’ll get there quicker.   Do as you’re told and you’ll be all right.   WHERE   1. She was standing exactly where you are standing now.   2.In 1963 we moved to Boston, where my grandparents lived.   3.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.   4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree.   5.Now, where were we? Oh yes, we were talking about John.   6.Where others might have been satisfied, Dawson had higher ambitions. (difference) WHICH   (本身无意义,必须接在名词或代词后面)   1.定语从句引导词 Did you see the letter which came today?   Now they were driving by the houses which Andy had described.   2.分割句子,补充说明 The house, which was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble staircase.   He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge.   She may have missed the train, in which case she won’t arrive for another hour.   THAT 多用于同位语从句和-thing的定语从句中。   WHAT   (有实际意义,可用于宾语从句和主语从句)   1. No one knows exactly what happened.   2.It is not clear to what extent these views were shared.   3.I could get you a job here if that’s what you want.   4. What that kid needs is some love and affection.   5. What matters is the British people and British jobs.   AS   1.比较   His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as popular./ They want peace as much as we do.   2.作为,正如… We’d better leave things as they are until the police arrive.   David, as you know, has not been well lately.   3.看作,看待   The result of last week’s election will be seen as a victory.   4.当…时候= while or when   I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.   5.原因 As it was getting late, I turned around to start for home.   6.让步= though Try as she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.   The bag has narrow straps, so it may be worn over the shoulder or carried in the hand.   I’d be in trouble if I let on. So I kept mum.   When the meal was finished, Rachel washed up and made coffee.   I would have liked to have learnt French, but I was denied (=not given) the opportunity.   The opportunity was denied (to) me at school.   The prestige is denied (to) the classroom teacher.   The classroom teacher is denied the prestige. 2014年考博英语语法重点复习要点(3) http://kaobo.b2cedu.com  2013-8-5  来源:本站原创  作者:佚名 过去分词与形容词的语义差:   1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things   the destructive power of modern weapons   Damaged: being in a bad state   emotionally damaged children   2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements   He’s one of the most respected managers in the game.   Respectful: feeling or showing respect   They listened in respectful silence.   3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.   Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.   Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.   4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.   Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.   5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.   Lovable: a sweet lovable child   Lovely: We had a lovely holiday.   6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.   Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds   Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford.   虚拟语气   非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。   1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别   (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。   Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)   It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)   (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。   不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。   Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)   Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)   (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。   It took me only five minutes to finish the job.   2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别   (1)不定式作表语   1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。   To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。   What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。   2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。   To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。   To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。   3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。   His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。   The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.   The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.   (2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。   Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。   His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。   (注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。   People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.   His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.   (3)分词作表语   分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有:   interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的   exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的   delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的   disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的   encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的   pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的   puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的   satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的   surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的   worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的   Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。   The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。   The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。   They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。   3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别   英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:   (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语   1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语   attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视   afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望   arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算   begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏   appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法   cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装   ask问 dread害怕 need需要   agree同意 desire愿望 love爱   swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望   bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供   beg请求 fail不能 plan 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载   bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿   care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备   decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾   choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明   claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许   start开始 undertake承接 want想要   consent同意,赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝   decide决定 learn学习 vow起   contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议   seek找,寻觅 try试图   2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式   ask要求,邀请 get请,得到 prompt促使   allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢,宁愿   announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使   bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求   assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定,表示   advise劝告 exhort告诫,勉励 pray请求   authorize授权,委托 help帮助 recommend劝告,推荐   bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒   beg请求 induce引诱 report 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载   compel强迫 invite吸引,邀请, summon传唤   command命令 intend想要,企图 show 显示   drive驱赶 mean意欲,打算 train训练   cause引起 instruct指示 require要求   deserve应受 leave使,让 tell告诉   direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱   entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫   enable使能够 need需要 urge激励,力说   encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要   condemn指责,谴责 lead引起,使得 teach教   entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望   (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语   acknowledge承认,自认 cease 停止 mention说到,讲到   admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢,讨厌   advocate:提倡,主张 complete完成 dread可怕   appreciate 感激,欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受   avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有,喜爱   bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒   can’t help不禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑,逃避   can’t stand受不了 deny否认 excuse借口   consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想,爱好   favor 造成,偏爱 mind 介意 repent悔悟   figure描绘,计算 miss错过 resent怨恨   finish完成,结束不得 pardon原谅,饶恕 resist抵抗,阻止   forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复   imagine设想 postpone延迟,延期 risk冒险   involve卷入,包含 practise 实行,实践 suggest建议   hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救,储蓄   keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持,忍受   loathe非常讨厌,厌恶 recall回想   例如:I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。   (3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别   1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)   forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)   2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事   stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事   3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)   remember doing记得做过某事(已做)   4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾   regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔   5)try to do努力、企图做某事   try doing试验、试一试某种办法   6) mean to do打算,有意要…   mean doing意味着   7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)   go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)   8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)   proposing doing建议(做某事)   9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念   (注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如:   I should like to see him tomorrow.   10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。   Don’t you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?   You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。   I don’t regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)   I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没办法。(未做但要做)   You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。   Let’s try doing the work some other way.让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。   I didn’t mean to hurt your feeling.我没想要伤害你的感情。   This illness will mean(your)going to hospital.得了这种病(你)就要进医院。 2014年考博英语语法重点复习要点(4) http://kaobo.b2cedu.com  2013-8-5  来源:本站原创  作者:佚名 考博英语语法重点总结   4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别   (1)不定式作定语   1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系   He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。   The train to arrive was from London.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。   2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系   Get him something to eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。   She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。   3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。   I need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。   There is nothing to worry about.没有什么值得发愁的。   4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如:   ability能力,本领 drive赶,驾驶 movement运动,活动   ambition抱负,野心 effort努力,尝试 need需要,需求   campaign战役,运动 failure失败,不及格 opportunity机会   chance机会 force力,压力,要点 promise许诺,希望   courage勇气 intention意向,意图 reason理由,原因   decision决定 method 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ,方式 light光,光线,亮光   determination决心,决定 motive动机,目的 struggle奋斗,努力,   tendency倾向,趋势 wish希望,愿望,祝愿   5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only和not a,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。   6)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。   John will do anything but work on a farm.除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。   7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如: tend to do---tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do   His wish to buy a car came true.他要买辆车的愿望实现了。   Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.   他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。   He is always the first to come and the last to leave.   他总是第一个到来,最后一个离去。   (2)分词作定语   分词作定语时有下面几个特点:   1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。   2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。   He rushed into the burning house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。   The child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。   The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。   Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗?   He is an advanced teacher.他是个先进教师。   3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词
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