英语中19种修辞手法及解释

书信作文套句 　　Dear Sir or Madam 　　Mr. Mrs. Miss. Ms. 　　Yours sincerely, yours truthfully, 　　Love, Yours affectionately, 书信作文常用套句 　　开头部分 　　1：The time flies, we haven't seen each other for a long time. All the things here are going on pretty well, I just miss you so much! 时间过得很快，我们已经很久没见了。这里一切都好，就是很想你。 　　2：It is so great to hear from you again. 能再次收到你的来信我很开心。 　　3：Long time no see! 好久不见。 　　4：I trust that everything is going smoothly for you. 我相信你那里一切都好。 　　5：It is a great pleasure for me to have this wonderful chance to put pen to paper and send greetings to you. 很高兴我有这样的机会提笔给你写信，寄给你我的问候和祝福。 　　中间部分： 　　Give advice: 　　In my humble opinion, you would be wise to take the following action: 在下认为，如果你能采取以下措施，将是一种明智的选择。 　　I hope you will not find it too forward for me to suggest that you... 请原谅我的直接，不过，希望你能___________。 　　In my experience, it seems that _______ would make sense in your situation. 从我的经验来看，针对你的情况，似乎________会有帮助。 　　At the risk of overstepping my boundaries, allow me to suggest that you____。 请原谅我的冒昧，不过我建议你_____________。 　　Gratitude 　　I truly appreciate your kindness. 我很欣赏你的仁慈。 　　I am grateful to you for... 非常感谢你_________________-。 　　I appreciate it more than I can say. 我对你 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示万分感谢。 　　I can never thank you enough. 万分感谢。 　　I wish there were a better word than " thanks " to express my appreciation for your generous help. 其实，对你的帮助岂能用"谢谢"儿子可以表达的。 　　It was kind and generous of you to do this for me, and I appreciate it more than I can say. 你对我如此慷慨，真是对您感激不尽。 　　Many thanks for your kindness and hospitality. 非常感谢你的仁慈和好客。 　　Now we have arrived back home safe and sound. 现在我已经安全到家。 　　Thank you from the bottom of my heart for... 我打从心底谢谢你（真诚地感谢你）。 　　Thank you again for your kindness. 谢谢你的好意。 　　 Apology 　　Please accept my sincerest and deepest apology. 请接受我最诚挚、最深刻的道歉。 　　I apologize most sincerely for... 我诚挚地对___________向你道歉。 　　I am truly sorry to have done... 我对________向你表示道歉。 　　Please forgive me... 请原谅我曾__________。 　　I owe you an apology... 我为______向你道歉。 　　I regret to inform you that I am unable to do.. 很遗憾地告诉你，我没法___________。 　　I am so sorry to have put you through so much trouble... 很抱歉给你带来这么多麻烦，__________。 　　Invitation 　　The honor of your presence is requested... 若你能出席________，我（们）将感到万分荣幸。 　　It's a pleasure for me to invite you to... 我很荣幸地邀请你参加__________。 　　We sincerely hope that you make it. 我们真诚地希望你能参加。 　　We would be honored to have you there with us... 如果您能参加我们的__________，我们将不甚荣幸。 　　I will cover all the expense involved. 我将负担所有的费用。 　　 Sympathy 　　I can only imagine how difficult this time must be for you, and I want to extend to you my unwavering support. 我能想象你所经历的一切，而且，我想告诉你，我会永远支持你。 　　Complain 　　I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with\at... 我写这封信是想告诉你们我对________不是很满意。 　　I very much regret to have to inform you that... 很遗憾地通知你，__________。 　　I would like to draw the attention of the authorities concerned to the ... 我想就_____________问题引起有关部门的重视。 　　I feel something ought to be done about... 我觉得________方面还可以作一些努力（需要改进）。 　　I hope that the above situation will be improved as soon as possible. 我希望以上问题（情况）能尽快解决（改进）。 　　Your effort to provide good services will be highly appreciated by all. 我们会很感激您作出的一切努力。 　　We will appreciate your willingness to make up for the loss. 我们真的希望你们能对损失作出补偿。 　　Inquiry 　　I would like to request some information about... 我想对_______问题向您咨询。 　　My first question is... 我的问题就是__________。 　　I am greatly concerned about... 我对_________较为关注。 　　Should I need to send further materials, please let me know. 我是否需要再寄其他资料给你，请及时告知。 　　Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects. 能否针对上述的问题寄些相关的小册子给我。 结尾部分： Again, I would like to express our warm thanks to you. 我想再次对你表示感谢。 　　I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. 我希望待尽快给我回复。 　　Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. 谢谢你关心（关注），我期待你的回复。 　 1.Simile 明喻 　　明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 　　标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 　　例如: 　　1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 　　2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 　　3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 　　隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 　　例如: 　　1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 　　2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 　　借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. 　　I.以容器代替内容,例如: 　　1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 　　2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. 　　II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: 　　Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. 　　III.以作者代替作品,例如: 　　a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 　　VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: 　　I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 　　提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 　　例如: 　　1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 　　他的厂里约有100名工人. 　　2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 　　他是本世纪的牛顿. 　　3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 　　这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 　　 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉 写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与 变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的 半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 　　 例如: 　　 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到 百合花） 　　 鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 　　 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉） 　　 品尝Mozart的音乐. 6.Personification 拟人 　　拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 　　例如: 　　1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化） 　　2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化） 7.Hyperbole 夸张 　　夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 　　例如: 　　1>.I beg a thousand pardons. 　　2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 　　3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 8.Parallelism 排比, 平行 　　 这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 　　 例如: 　　 1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy. 　　 2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately. 9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法 　　婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话. 　　例如: 　　1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下. 　　2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽. 　　3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. （去世） 10.Allegory 讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”） 建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。 英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书 　　这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事. 　　例如: 　　1>.Make the hay while the sun shines. 表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草 真正意味：趁热打铁 　　2>.It's time to turn plough into sword. 表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑 11.Irony 反语 　　反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法. 　　例如: 　　1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning. 早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念） 　　2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar. 12.Pun 双关 　　双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似 的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现. 　　例如: 　　1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise. 　　2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. 　　3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately. 13.Parody 仿拟 　　这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞. 　　例如: 　　1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year. 　　2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided. 14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问（反问） 　　3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it. 　　它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而 否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的. 　　例如: 　　1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note? 　　2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered? 15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶 　　这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法. 　　例如: 　　1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore. 　　2>.You are staying; I am going. 　　3>.Give me liberty, or give me death. 16.Paradox 隽语 　　这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法.. 　　例如: 　　1>.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达 　　2>.The child is the father to the man.（童年时代可决定人之未来）三岁看大，四岁看老。 17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻 　　这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义. 　　例如: 　　1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见 　　2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome. 18.Climax 渐进法,层进法 　　这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象. 　　例如: 　　1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry. 　　2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone. 19.Anticlimax 渐降法 　　与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列. 　　例如: 　　1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots. 　　2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.